The compare organic farm and conventional farm to improve sustainable agriculture, ecosystems, and environment

The risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in soil is their potential toxicity and ability to enter the ecosystem through the food chain. Total heavy metal content of a soil is inadequate for predicting the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the various forms in which the selected heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) exist in the soil to ascertain the available forms for plant uptake. Soils samples were randomly collected from selected organic and conventional farms in Akinyele local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, at different depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) using random sampling method. Routine analysis was carried out to determine the textural classes and chemical properties of soil samples. The total heavy metals of the soil samples were determined and their fractions were analysed using sequential extraction method. Cadmium was not detected in most of the soil samples. Residual fraction was predominant in all the analysed heavy metals. In addition, Cr was more associated with the oxidizable fraction having a range of 0.1 mg/kg from Ajibode organic farm (AO) at 30-45 cm depth. Pb and Ni were both more associated with reducible fraction with Pb having a range of 2.7 mg/kg in Ajibode conventional farm (AI) at 0-15 cm depth and 0.1 mg/kg in (AI) at 30-45 cm depth. Reducible values of Ni ranges from 4.3 mg/kg in AI at 0-15 cm to 1.4 mg/kg in AO at 30-45 cm. The apparent mobility and bioavailability for these heavy metals in the studied soils were in the order: Pb>Cr>Ni. The result showed that uptake of heavy metals by the plants would be low as the concentration of the exchangeable form of the heavy metals in the analysed soil sample has the least concentration when compared with the other forms.

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Dag score is negatively correlated with breech bareness score of sheep

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea07397 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 999 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. R. Scobie ◽

D. O'Connell ◽

C. A. Morris ◽

S. M. Hickey

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Bare Area ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Ewe Lambs ◽

Combining Data ◽

Ram Lambs ◽

And Performance ◽

Breeding Farms ◽

Conventional Farm

At weaning in two consecutive years, traditional Romney and composite lambs (crosses with East Friesian and Texel; n = 3254) were observed on a conventional farm and Perendale and composite lambs (crosses with Texel, Wiltshire and small numbers of Finnish Landrace; n = 2095) were observed on an organic farm. Both were ram breeding farms recording pedigree and performance, and the composite breeds were developed from, and run with, the original flock on each farm. Breech bareness was scored on the lambs between 80 and 120 days of age on a scale from 1, with wool right to the edge of the anus, to 5, where a large bare area surrounded the perineum. Dag score was recorded on a 0–5 scale where an increasing score indicated more dags. Within farms, mean dag score was more pronounced in traditional Romney (1.2) than in composite lambs (0.4), and Perendales were more daggy (1.3) than composite lambs (0.7) across both years (P < 0.001). Dag score was phenotypically correlated with breech bareness score on the Romney farm (−0.18 ± 0.02) and Perendale farm (−0.27 ± 0.03). Combining data from both flocks, heritabilities of breech bareness score (0.55 ± 0.04) and dag score (0.41 ± 0.05) were high, and a strong genetic correlation was observed between the two traits (−0.59 ± 0.07). Mean dag score of ram lambs was greater than ewe lambs (0.8 v. 0.7, P < 0.001) and lambs reared as twins were more daggy than singles (0.8 v. 0.7, P = 0.008). Composite sheep have been adopted throughout New Zealand for the advantages they deliver in lamb production, but through breech bareness they also provide an opportunity to limit dag production and thereby improve both welfare and profitability. Genetically increased breech bareness and decreased dagginess could be used in Australia as alternatives to mulesing.

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Soil carbon pool under organic and conventional crop production system of semi arid tropics

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i1.52674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

D Udhaya Nandhini ◽

E Somasundaram ◽

S Somasundaram ◽

K Arulmozhiselvan

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Soil Carbon Pool ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Doc Concentration ◽

Farm Soils ◽

Conventional Farm ◽

Semi Arid

Regardless of land use, the results indicated significant differences in all the studied parameters. Total % SOC ranged from 0.52 to 0.72 for conventional farm samples (mean 0.62%) and 0.63 to 1.59 for the organic samples (mean 1.19). Bulk density (g/cc) ranged from 0.43 to 0.81 (mean 0. 62) for conventional and 0.17 to 0.28 (mean 0.20) organic farm soils. Organic manures increased microbial biomass carbon by 117% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration by 181% over conventional farming. The results suggested that organic matter is better protected in organic soils and are consequently less vulnerable to mineralization.

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Healthiness of winter wheat and spring barley farmed under different systems

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10585-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 662-666

Author(s):

A. Łukanowski ◽

A. Baturo ◽

Cz. Sadowski

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Disease Index ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Conventional Farms ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Conventional Farm

In 1997–2001 health of roots, stem bases and harvested grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in organic and conventional farms in Poland was investigated. More isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from spring barley in the organic farm and Fusarium spp. in the conventional farm. Results of winter wheat health estimation were not clear. In the end of cropping season higher mean disease index for roots was observed in organic farm, and for stem bases the relation was opposite. The main casual agents were Fusarium spp. Their higher occurrence was observed on roots, stem bases and also on grain in the organic farm. Furthermore, organic farm conditions were favourable to Trichoderma spp. development and conventional one to Penicillium spp.

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Short Communication: Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d180424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1475-1480

Author(s):

IMAM WIDHIONO ◽

RIZKITA DINDA PANDHANI ◽

DARSONO DARSONO ◽

EDI RIWIDIHARSO ◽

SLAMET SANTOSO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Short Communication ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Northern Slope ◽

Indicator Value ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Central Java ◽

Intensive Farming ◽

Ant Diversity ◽

Conventional Farm

Widhiono I, Pandhani RD, Darsono, Riwidiharso E, Santoso S, Prayoga L. 2017. Short Communication: Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1475-1480. This study examined the diversity of ant assemblages in two different agroecosystems (organic and intensive farming) with maize as main crops on the northern slope of Mount Slamet, Indonesia from April to August 2015. The response of ant diversity to the different farming systems was evaluated. In total, 359 ants from 17 species in five subfamilies were collected: 13 species from the organic farm and 10 species from the conventional farm. Seven (41%) species were found only on the organic farm, four (23%) species were found only on the conventional farm, and six (35%) species were found on both. The Morisita-Horn similarity index (33%) showed that the similarity of the species composition in the two habitats was low. More individual ants were found on the organic farm than the intensive farm [287 (79.94%) vs. 72 (20.05%) individuals]. The diversity of the ants was affected by the density of weeds with organic farming. Hypoponera sp. had the highest Indicator Value (50.7), followed by Aphaenogaster sp. (28.9), Diacamma sp. (28.2), and Odontoponera sp. (27.6), however only Odontoponera sp can be used as bioindicator. Although the ant diversity was higher with organic farming than with intensive farming, there was no correlation with soil conditions. As a bioindicator, the Indicator Value reflects agroecosystem health better than does ant diversity.

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Organic Farming in Tamilnadu (a State in India) Evidence From the Field

10.21203/rs.3.rs-927125/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Panchapakesan Balasubramanian ◽

Anand Atul ◽

Anand Eshani

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Large Scale ◽

Green Economy ◽

Green Growth ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Indian Agriculture ◽

Organic Products ◽

Certified Organic

Abstract Green Economy defined by UNEP as one that results in improved human wellbeing and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Green economy also refers to the resilient economy that provides a better quality of life for all within the ecological limits of the planet. Major countries and agencies are looking towards a green economy that provides path ways for sustainable development and poverty eradication. While discussing the concept of Green Economy it is also important to look at the concept of Green Growth. The key economic indicator that is used to measure the Green Economy’s Growth is referred as Green GDP. The potential economic and social impacts of environmental degradation are particularly important for developing countries in order to tackle many of the growth and development issues without compromising further growth and poverty reduction. The concept of Green growth has emerged as a new approach replacing the conventional economic growth model. The GDP refers to the Gross Domestic product generation Agriculture, Industrial and Service sectors. As on 2019, in addition to ensuring food security, agriculture has contributed 15.9% to the Indian GDP and employed 42.3% of its population despite its dependence on vagaries of monsoon. Agriculture continues to be the largest provider of livelihood in rural India and the livelihood of farmers are influenced by the demand and supply of agriculture products in the country and thereby influence the economy. The organic products are priced with a premium in the market in the country. The demand for organic products across the globe, especially in developed countries, has been growing rapidly. Globally, organic farming is practiced in 162 countries and 37 million ha of land are managed organically by 1.8 million agricultural households. The sale of organic food and drink is estimated to be 63 billion US dollar in 2011 internationally. The organic farm land area had increased by 3 percent when compared to 2010. The countries with large-scale organic farm land are Australia, Argentina and United State in that order. The main contributor of expansion of cultivated area under organic agriculture in Asia is India. The cultivated area under certified organic farming has grown 17 times in the last one decade in the country. In India, certified organic farming is undertaken in all the states and Union territories. States like Uttaranchal, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Nagaland, Mizoram and Sikkim have been promoting Organic farming. The organic produce is increasingly preferred by major urban centers in India. Huge demand for Indian organic products especially tea, coffee, cotton etc., exists in international market. The organic produces like tea, herbs, and species from Tamil Nadu are widely sought after globally. The Tandon H.L.S et al (2007) have reviewed the fertilizer consumption in Indian Agriculture for the past five decades and concluded that the Integrated Nutrient Management would be the solution for the problems faced by Indian Agriculture. Gahukar R.T et al (2009) in his paper discussed about the Sustainable Agriculture in India at that time and brought up the future needs of Sustainable Agriculture in India with a series of recommendations. Jaganathan.D et al (2012) conducted a sample survey to assess the Knowledge Level Farmers on Organic Farming in India. Amarnath J.S et al (2012) looked at the economic aspects of organic farming in Tamil Nadu. Panneerselvam.P et al (2013) studied the impact of large-scale organic conversion and food production and food security in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. Amarnath J.S et al (2013) developed indicators for comparing sustainability in crop and diary production in Tamil Nadu. Vandana Tyagi et al (2017) discussed in detail the prospects and challenges of Green Economy in India. Kalyani.V et al (2018) concentrated briefly on various issues and prospects for organic farming in Tamil Nadu. Krishnaprabu.S et al (2019) focused on concept, application and prospects on Organic Farming in India. Jothi Sivagnanam.K et al (2019) dwelt on fertilizers’ consumption and soil health status in Tamil Nadu. Dr V. Bail Hans et al (2019) studied the relationship between the sustainable agriculture and economic growth especially in State Governments. Murugan.D et al (2020) studied the greening status of organic farming in wet and try land in Nagapattinam and Erode District of Tamil Nadu under various crops. Hinz et al (2020) concentrated on land consumption dynamics in Tamil Nadu under various scenarios. Amit Khurana et al (2020) studied the challenges and possibility in the organic and natural farming in India. Delabre et al (2021) deliberated on how sustainable food production and consumption will impact post 2020 global Bio Diversity Framework. This paper attempts probably for the first time to examine the data on consumption of inputs for evidence regarding the adaption of organic farming in the State.

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Soil properties under organic and conventional management in southern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr98099 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. W. Derrick ◽

D. C. Dumaresq

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

New South ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Conventional Management ◽

South Wales ◽

Extractable P ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Farm

From 1991 to 1993 a program of soil sampling was undertaken on neighbouring properties, under organic and conventional management, at Ardlethan in southern NSW. The organic farm was long established, as organic management had commenced in 1963. The conventional farm was well managed in typical fashion for the district. Soil sampling took place in the autumns of 1991, 1992, and 1993. Samples were taken to a depth of 150 mm and analysed for a range of nutrients. Soil on the organic farm contained significantly lower concentrations of extractable P and exchangeable Mn, and had higher pH and higher concentrations of exchangeable Na, Ca, and K. There was no statistically significant difference between the farms in the concentrations of total Mg, Na, N, Mn, and K, nor in exchangeable Mg and organic carbon content.

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The Yeast Atlas of Appalachia: Species and Phenotypic Diversity of Herbicide Resistance in Wild Yeast

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12040139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jordan B. Barney ◽

Matthew J. Winans ◽

Catherine B. Blackwood ◽

Amaury Pupo ◽

Jennifer E.G. Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Glyphosate Resistance ◽

Spontaneous Fermentation ◽

Nontarget Organisms ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Wild Yeast ◽

One Year ◽

Conventional Farm ◽

Selection Of

Glyphosate and copper-based herbicides/fungicides affect non-target organisms, and these incidental exposures can impact microbial populations. In this study, glyphosate resistance was found in the historical collection of S. cerevisiae, which was collected over the last century, but only in yeast isolated after the introduction of glyphosate. Although herbicide application was not recorded, the highest glyphosate-resistant S. cerevisiae were isolated from agricultural sites. In an effort to assess glyphosate resistance and impact on non-target microorganisms, different yeast species were harvested from 15 areas with known herbicidal histories, including an organic farm, conventional farm, remediated coal mine, suburban locations, state park, and a national forest. Yeast representing 23 genera were isolated from 237 samples of plant, soil, spontaneous fermentation, nut, flower, fruit, feces, and tree material samples. Saccharomyces, Candida, Metschnikowia, Kluyveromyces, Hanseniaspora, and Pichia were other genera commonly found across our sampled environments. Managed areas had less species diversity, and at the brewery only Saccharomyces and Pichia were isolated. A conventional farm growing RoundUp Ready™ corn had the lowest phylogenetic diversity and the highest glyphosate resistance. The mine was sprayed with multiple herbicides including a commercial formulation of glyphosate; however, the S. cerevisiae did not have elevated glyphosate resistance. In contrast to the conventional farm, the mine was exposed to glyphosate only one year prior to sample isolation. Glyphosate resistance is an example of the anthropogenic selection of nontarget organisms.

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Farm Water Productivity in Conventional and Organic Farming: Case Studies of Cow-Calf Farming Systems in North Germany

Water ◽

10.3390/w10101294 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leen Vellenga ◽

Gregor Qualitz ◽

Katrin Drastig

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Conventional Agriculture ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Cow Calf ◽

North Germany ◽

The Individual ◽

Conventional Farm

The increase of organic agriculture in Germany raises the question of how water productivity differs from conventional agriculture. On three organic and two conventionally farming systems in Germany, water flows and water related indicators were quantified. Farm water productivity (FWP), farm water productivity of cow-calf production (FWPlivestock), and farm water productivity of food crop production (FWPfood crops) were calculated using the modeling software AgroHyd Farmmodel. The FWP was calculated on a mass and monetary basis. FWPlivestock showed the highest productivity on a mass basis occurring on a conventional farm with 0.09 kg m−3Winput, whereas one organic farm and one conventional farm showed the same results. On a monetary basis, organic cow-calf farming systems showed the highest FWPlivestock, with 0.28 € m−3Winput. Since the productivity of the farm depends strongly on the individual cultivated plants, FWPfood crops was compared at the level of the single crop. The results show furthermore that even with a precise examination of farm water productivity, a high bandwidth of temporal and local values are revealed on different farms: generic FWP for food crops and livestock are not within reach.

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Soil Properties and Soil Management Practices in Commercial Organic and Conventional Vegetable Farms in Kathmandu Valley

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v15i1.12005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Gautam Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Management ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Conventional Farm

Soil management practices determine the long term productivity of soil. A comparative study of commercial organic and conventional vegetable farming systems was carried out to find out impact of different farming systems on soil properties. This study was executed in Kathmandu valley (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur districts) among 30 organic and 30 conventional commercial vegetable farmers. Semi-structured questionnaire survey and soil physical and chemical analysis were performed to gather the required information. Results showed that bulk soil pH was significantly higher in the organic field than in the conventional field. Soil organic matter and available soil potassium were significantly higher in amount in the organic farm than in the conventional farm. Total soil nitrogen content and available soil nitrogen content were significantly higher in amount in the conventional farm than in the organic farm. Conventional farmers were applied significantly higher amount of chicken manure and biozyme as compared to organic farmers. Organic farmers applied significantly higher amount of urban compost and bone meal as compared to conventional farmers. Farmers perceived productivity was increasing in trend in the organic farms whereas it was declining in the conventional farms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12005 Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 13-22

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