Status of accumulated heavy metals in soils from organic and conventional farms in Akinyele Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
T.E. Odunjo ◽  
E.Y. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Conventional Farm

The risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in soil is their potential toxicity and ability to enter the ecosystem through the food chain. Total heavy metal content of a soil is inadequate for predicting the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the various forms in which the selected heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) exist in the soil to ascertain the available forms for plant uptake. Soils samples were randomly collected from selected organic and conventional farms in Akinyele local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, at different depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) using random sampling method. Routine analysis was carried out to determine the textural classes and chemical properties of soil samples. The total heavy metals of the soil samples were determined and their fractions were analysed using sequential extraction method. Cadmium was not detected in most of the soil samples. Residual fraction was predominant in all the analysed heavy metals. In addition, Cr was more associated with the oxidizable fraction having a range of 0.1 mg/kg from Ajibode organic farm (AO) at 30-45 cm depth. Pb and Ni were both more associated with reducible fraction with Pb having a range of 2.7 mg/kg in Ajibode conventional farm (AI) at 0-15 cm depth and 0.1 mg/kg in (AI) at 30-45 cm depth. Reducible values of Ni ranges from 4.3 mg/kg in AI at 0-15 cm to 1.4 mg/kg in AO at 30-45 cm. The apparent mobility and bioavailability for these heavy metals in the studied soils were in the order: Pb>Cr>Ni. The result showed that uptake of heavy metals by the plants would be low as the concentration of the exchangeable form of the heavy metals in the analysed soil sample has the least concentration when compared with the other forms.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Populations of Soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
G. O. Ateh ◽  
M. G. Saka ◽  
E. E. Dishan ◽  
B. B. Meer
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Forest Reserve

This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial populations of the soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Five plots of 20 x 20 m were laid. Soil samples were collected from five different positions at two soil depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The soil samples were isolated in the laboratory for microbial populations and determination of physical and chemical properties. The results obtained revealed that fungal population (7.65 x 105 cfu/ml) was the highest at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, representing 39% of the total microbial populations in the sampled soil of the study area. The results further revealed that the population (6.84 x 105 cfu/ml) of the bacteria had a positive effect on soils of the study area in terms of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobacterial spp. Chemical properties of the soil samples revealed that the available phosphorus exhibited the highest percentage (61.7%) at 0-15 cm soil depth. Analyses of soil physical properties recorded the highest percentage (49.0%) of sand at 0-15 cm soil depth. A similar percentage (50.0%) of sand was exhibited at the depth of 15-30 cm. These percentages accounted for the high porosity (29.0%) of the soil observed at the two soil levels in the study area and could be improved through the application of lime fertilizers. Application of appropriate fertilizers like NPK to improve the soil condition of the study area is highly recommended.

CHEMICAL FORMS OF Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE VICINITY OF SOME MAJOR DUMPSITES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Abdullahi ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
A.H. Zakari ◽  
J.R. Tukur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

This research work is aimed at determining the chemical speciation of metals Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil samples from three major dumpsites within Gombe metropolis, Gombe state. The renowned five steps Tessier sequential extraction method was employed in the extraction of the heavy metals. The metals were extracted into five fractions namely: Exchangeable (F1), carbonate bound (F2), Fe-Mn oxide bound (F3), Bound to organic matter (F4) and the residual fraction (F5) in order of decreasing mobility. The elemental analysis of the fractions was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometric technique. The results showed Zn was predominantly bounded to the exchangeable fraction with 32.66±0.31 mg/kg (54.18%) and least in the Fe – Mn oxide fraction with 0.01±0.00 mg/kg (0.02%). The trend in its abundance is in the order F1> F2>F5>F4>F3. Mn was predominantly associated with the bound to carbonates fraction with the value of 103.3.±3.30 mg/kg (56.14%) and least in the exchangeable with the value of 1.30±1.85mg/kg (2.13%) its occurred in the order F2>F3>F4>F5>F1. The concentration of Fe was highest in the residual fraction with the value of 25.90±1.75mg/kg (45.45%)and least in the carbonate bound fraction wi th 5.10±0.40 mg/kg (2.13%) the order is F5>F4>F3>F2>F1. Pb was not detected in most of the fraction but highest in bond to carbonate and bond to organic matter fraction with the values of 6.64±4.12 mg/Kg (70.64 %) and 2.76±0.10 mg/Kg (29.36 %) respectively in two different samples. It was however established that Zn, Mn and Pb were mostly associated with the first three fractions thus, showed high bio-availabilty whereas Fe was found in the residual fraction and is expected to be low in mobility and less bioavailable. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils from Farms in the Vicinity of Durumi Quarry Site in Mpape, Abuja Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-373
Author(s):  
FATIMAH OYENIKE OJO ◽  
TUKURA BITRUS WOKHE ◽  
MADU PASCAL CHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health

Seasonal concentrations of eight total and bioavailable heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb an Fe), along with some physico chemical properties of soil in vegetable farms around the rock quarry in Durumi, Abuja was assessed to know the level of heavy metal pollution of the soil. Control and actual soil samples were collected from depths of 0.0 -5.0cm and 5.0 - 10.0cm during dry and rainy seasons. Heavy metal concentrations varied inconsistently in samples and control. Dry season levels of Zn(5.20mg/kg), Mn(19.44mg/kg), Ni(1.69mg/kg) and Pb(4.56mg/kg) and rainy season levels of Zn (0.26mg/kg), Pb(22.53mg/kg) at soil depth of 0.0 - 5.0cm, and dry season levels of Zn(1.19mgkg) and Ni(1.62mg/kg) along with rainy season levels of Cr (0.44mg/kg), Cd (0.06mg/kg), Zn(0.09mg/kg) and Fe(6.74mg/kg) at soil depth of 5.0 -10.0cm were all higher in samples than controls. However, seasonal mean total heavy metals in the soil samples were lower than the Maximum Allowable Limits (mg/Kg) for World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). During dry season, heavy metals that indicated anthropogenic content, had anthropogenic levels that ranged in the order: Cd(16.67%) < Cu(54.17%)

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulhamid ◽  
E.B. Agbaji ◽  
C.E. Gimba ◽  
A.S. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.

scholarly journals Assessing of Oil Refinery Plant Residues on Soil Contamination in Kasnazan District – Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Ismaeel T. Ahmed ◽  
Darseem B. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Refinery Plant ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentration

This investigation conducted on April 01, 2015, of the different locations surrounding oil refinery factories near the Kasnazan district on Sulaimani road (Latitude 36.211N, Longitude 44.157E), to assess the effects of oil refinery factory residues on soil contamination. Soil samples were collected towards (E and W) from the contamination source, with various distances (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m) and different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) consequently. The concentrations of heavy metals such as chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc were sequentially extracted and measured using portable X-ray fluorescence at the soil and water department laboratories. The heavy metals concentration of the soil samples was significantly affected by both factors (distances and depths). Fe had the highest concentration value as ranged from 486.0 to 520.2 mg/kg with a mean (502.9 mg/kg), while Cr and Zn had the lowest concentration value, Cr ranged from 0.0 to 9.33 mg/kg with a mean (3.22 mg/kg) and Zn ranged from 0.0 to 1.9 mg/kg with a mean (1.43 mg/kg). Mn concentration ranged from 9.6 to 13 mg/kg with a mean (11.55 mg/kg) and Ni concentration ranged from 4.3 to 10.03 mg/kg with a mean (7.40 mg/kg). The geoaccumulation index values of most samples located under the class (1) uncontaminated to moderate index.

scholarly journals Safety of Potato Consumption in Slovak Region Contaminated by Heavy Metals due to Previous Mining Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Musilova ◽  
Judita Bystricka ◽  
Alena Vollmannova ◽  
Beata Janotova ◽  
Matyas Orsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

Heavy metals are among the most serious environmental contaminants in mining districts. Soil, as one of the main components of the environment, is the place of heavy metal entry into plants and consequently into the food chain, too. Potatoes grown in the region of Middle Spis (Slovakia) may be a source of increased content of heavy metals and pose a health risk to the consumer. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Ni) in potato and soil samples were determined using the AAS method and compared with limit values set by the Slovak Republic and the European Union. The content of heavy metals was determined in 12 potato cultivars with different length of vegetation period (mid-early, very early, and early, resp.), which were grown in three localities with a highly disturbed environment. Total contents and mobile forms of heavy metals as well as physical and chemical properties were determined in soil samples which were collected from the same sampling sites. Only Pb content in potato tubers was higher than the hygienic limit value (0.1 mg kg−1 FM) in 15 sampling sites (interval was n.d. –0.2298 mg kg−1 FM). The contents of exchangeable forms (total content) of heavy metals in soil were ranged between the intervals: Cd 0.004–0.055 (0.94–1 56), Pb 0.023–0.295 (17.00–26.80), and Ni 0.019–0.475 (30.80–71.00) mg kg−1. At current average consumption levels of potatoes, tolerable weekly intake (TWI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) for observed heavy metals was not exceeded.

scholarly journals Micronutrients status of mango (Mangifera indica) orchards in Multan region, Punjab, Pakistan, and relationship with soil properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
Ayta Umer ◽  
Muhammad Arif Ali ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Mubashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Lower Depth

AbstractMango orchards in Pakistan are deficient in soil micronutrients. Multan is one of the prime regions for mango production in Pakistan; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the micronutrient status of mango orchards in the Multan region. Soil samples from four different depths (0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) and leaf samples were collected from thirteen different locations of Multan. Depth-wise variations in the micronutrient status and the levels of pH, EC, CEC, SOM, and CaCO3 were determined. All data collected from the field and laboratory work of mango orchards under study were analyzed statistically by applying the RCBD design. It was observed that pH and ECe of soil under study were significantly higher in upper depths when compared with lower depths whereas CaCO3 content was contrary to pH and EC as it was observed to be higher from the lower depth of the soil. Moreover, mango leaves from the majority of locations were deficient in total micronutrients due to poorly available micronutrients status of the soil. Thus, there is a serious need to improve the chemical properties of the soil, and the proper dose of micronutrients should be applied every season for sufficient supply throughout the growing cycle of mango in and around the Multan region.

The Effects of Trees on Soil Chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Vincent Habumugisha ◽  
Khaldoon A. Mourad ◽  
Léonidas Hashakimana
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Background: Trees often affect the chemical properties of soil, positively or negatively. Objective: This paper studied the effects of Podocarpus falcatus and Markhamia lutea trees on soil chemistry in Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda. Methods: Soil samples were collected using Zigzag method from Arboretum forest of Ruhande at different depths (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm). For each plot, 25 samples were collected to make one composite sample per plot for each depth. Results: The results showed that tree species contributed to the changes of soil chemistry along the depths of the soil layers. The laboratory analyses showed that there was a high significant influence of tree species on soil pH and Aluminum ions. However, it was observed that there was no significant influence of Podocarpus falcatus and Markhamia lutea species on the available phosphorus or on the total exchangeable acidity. On the other hand, analyzing soil samples under Markhamia lutea showed an increase in the total nitrogen and a decrease in the pH and available phosphorus. Conclusion: Trees affect the chemical properties of soils. Therefore, it is recommended that under acidic soils, for example, forestry and agroforestry actors should use less acidifying tree species, such as Markhamia lutea and Podocarpus falcatus.

scholarly journals Healthiness of winter wheat and spring barley farmed under different systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
A. Łukanowski ◽  
A. Baturo ◽  
Cz. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Conventional Farm

In 1997–2001 health of roots, stem bases and harvested grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in organic and conventional farms in Poland was investigated. More isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from spring barley in the organic farm and Fusarium spp. in the conventional farm. Results of winter wheat health estimation were not clear. In the end of cropping season higher mean disease index for roots was observed in organic farm, and for stem bases the relation was opposite. The main casual agents were Fusarium spp. Their higher occurrence was observed on roots, stem bases and also on grain in the organic farm. Furthermore, organic farm conditions were favourable to Trichoderma spp. development and conventional one to Penicillium spp.

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