Experimental research on water chemistry evolution in case of inadequate conservation protocols: application on surface and groundwater

AbstractThe objective of this study conducted from October to December 2020 in the Natural Resources and Sensitive Environment Development Laboratory was to demonstrate the importance of conservation protocols respect throw evolution of water chemistry. Ninety-nine samples representing three water types (tap, spring and mineral water) were analyzed. Storage was at laboratory temperature with no conservation protocol. Studied parameters (temperature, pH, CE, dissolved oxygen, oxydo-reduction potential, total dissolved solids, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl−) were determined using standard methods. The data registered from physico-chemical parameters were subjected to different analytical methods to assess the time affect on their values compared with initial state. The results indicate that pH and alkalinity (exprimed in HCO3−) are the most vulnerable to evolution processes with highly significant time factor effect, while the concentrations of chlorides and sulfates with conductivity levels are statistically less evolved. PCA analysis accounting 71.43% of the total variance examines contribution of water type composition as a second variation factor. Projection through F1*F2 plan demonstrates clearly two groups with surface waters (tap water) which are excessively mineralized and groundwaters (spring and bottled waters) in which pH and magnesium parameters variations are the best illustrated.

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Naturally Occurring Potentially Harmful Elements in Groundwater in Makueni County, South-Eastern Kenya: Effects on Drinking Water Quality and Agriculture

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences10020062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Patrick Kirita Gevera ◽

Mark Cave ◽

Kim Dowling ◽

Peter Gikuma-Njuru ◽

Hassina Mouri

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

High Salinity ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Tap Water ◽

Northern Region ◽

World Health ◽

Water Type ◽

South Eastern ◽

Potentially Harmful Elements ◽

Physico Chemical

Makueni County is located in the semi-arid south-eastern Kenya region characterized by unreliable rainfall and limited surface water resources. This necessitates a high reliance on groundwater for domestic and agricultural use. In this paper, we report on the physico-chemical characteristics of 20 drinking water sources (boreholes, shallow wells, streams, and tap water) collected during the dry season (November 2018), the geochemical processes controlling their composition, and their suitability for drinking water and irrigation. Of all the physico-chemical parameters analysed, the concentrations of total dissolved solids, hardness, electrical conductivity, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and fluoride exceeded the permissible drinking water limits set by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) in up to 55% of the samples. The dominant ions reflect the high salinity in the water that ranged from very high to extreme in up to 50% of samples. The northern region shows the highest concentrations of the dominant parameters. The water type is predominantly Ca-Mg-HCO3 with a trend to Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4. Rock weathering and evaporation are suggested to be the primary controls of groundwater geochemical characteristics. High salinity and fluoride, which are associated with reported undesirable taste and gastrointestinal upsets, as well as cases of dental fluorosis are some of the effects of consuming groundwater in the region. These two parameters can be attributed to the weathering of biotite gneisses, granitoid gneisses, migmatites, and basaltic rocks that occur in the area. The high salinity and alkalinity of most of the samples analysed, renders the water unsuitable for irrigation in the study area.

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Hydrostructural setting of Riardo Plain: effects on Ferrarelle mineral water type

Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater ◽

10.7343/as-2016-226 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefano Viaroli ◽

Lucia Mastrorillo ◽

Roberto Mazza ◽

Vittorio Paolucci

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Water Chemistry ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Water Type ◽

Volcanic Aquifer ◽

Catchment Basin ◽

Hydrogeological Data ◽

Volcaniclastic Deposits

The exploitation of groundwater resources must always keep in account the geology and hydrogeological settings of the catchment basin for the sustainability of withdrawals, in order not to overexploit the aquifer. Especially, in the case of mineral water extraction, even more attention should be paid to understand what are the water-rock-gases interaction mechanisms, which allow obtaining a specific water chemistry. The case of Ferrarelle mineral water (western sector of Riardo Plain, Caserta) is particularly complex. Through the acquisition of a great amount of former geological and hydrogeological data and by new hydrogeological surveys, it has been possible to distinguish the aquifer levels, distinguishing four circulations over the Roccamonfina Volcano and in the Riardo Plain. The presence of volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits deriving from the Roccamonfina Volcano which cover a highlytectonized carbonate bedrock, allows the formation of two aquifers in hydraulic continuity. This mixing between the two aquifers allows, with the ascent of deep CO2 through faults in the carbonate bedrock, the formation of the typical chemical composition of the mineral water Ferrarelle. In the eastern sector of the plain, it is possible to distinguish the volcanic aquifer from the carbonate one, probably due to the presence of low permeability deposits.

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Yeasts and filamentous fungi in bottled mineral water and tap water from municipal supplies

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000100001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi ◽

Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo ◽

Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta ◽

Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽

Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Water Samples ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Species Level ◽

Potential Health ◽

Potential Health Hazard ◽

Bottled Mineral Water

The main objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of yeasts and filamentous fungi in drinking water as well as to investigate their correlation with the indicator bacteria of faecal pollution. Yeasts were detected in 36.6% and 11.6% of the bottled mineral on water dispensers and tap water samples from municipal system, respectively. Twenty-one (35.0%) of bottled mineral water and two (3.3%) of tap water samples were positive for filamentous fungi. For bottled mineral water 12 (20.0%) of 60 samples were positive for total coliform, compared with 3(5.0%)out of 60 samples from tap water. The mineral water from dispensers was more contaminated than tap water. Strains belonging to the genera Candida identified to the species level were C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. albicans. Thus, bottled mineral water from water dispensers and tap water could be considered a possible transmission route for filamentous fungi and yeasts, and could constitute a potential health hazard, mainly to immunocompromised indivuals.

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Evaluation of Minerals Content of Drinking Water in Malaysia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/403574 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Azrina Azlan ◽

Hock Eng Khoo ◽

Mohd Aizat Idris ◽

Amin Ismail ◽

Muhammad Rizal Razman

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Mineral Water Sample ◽

Geographical Locations ◽

Iron And Manganese

The drinking and mineral water samples obtained from different geographical locations had concentrations of the selected minerals lower than the standard limits, except for manganese, arsenic, and fluoride. The concentrations of manganese and arsenic in two mineral water samples were slightly higher than the standard international recommended limits. One mineral water sample had a fluoride concentration higher than the standard limits, whereas manganese was not detected in nine drinking and mineral water samples. Most of the selected minerals found in the tap water samples were below the international standard limits, except for iron and manganese. The concentrations of iron and manganese in the tap water samples were higher than the standard limits, which were obtained from one and three of the studied locations, respectively. The potable water obtained from various manufacturers and locations in Peninsular Malaysia is safe for consumption, as the minerals concentrations were below the standard limits prescribed by the Malaysian Food Regulations of 1985. The data obtained may also provide important information related to daily intake of these minerals from drinking water.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF MINERAL WATER, POKLEK AND VERBOC SPRINGS, IN THE AREA OF GLLOGOC, THROUGH PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES) ◽

10.31407/ijees11.317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 483-488

Author(s):

Skender Sallahi ◽

◽

Blerta Halimi ◽

Kreshnik Nuredini ◽

Betim Ismajli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Physico Chemical

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Determination of Nitrophenol Pesticides in Mineral Water and Tap Water by HPLC with Ultraviolet and Amperometric Detection

Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) ◽

10.3358/shokueishi.37.48 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53_1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minoru KADOTA ◽

Masaaki IMANAKA ◽

Kiyoshi IKEGAWA ◽

Kazuo KUMASHIRO ◽

Tadashige MORI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Amperometric Detection

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Removal of Cd2+ from Water by Use of Super-Macroporous Cryogels and Comparison to Commercial Adsorbents

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2405

Author(s):

Alzhan Baimenov ◽

Dmitriy Berillo ◽

Seitkhan Azat ◽

Talgat Nurgozhin ◽

Vassilis Inglezakis

Keyword(s):

Zeolite Y ◽

Tap Water ◽

Cation Exchange Resin ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Equilibrium Studies ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Maximum Sorption ◽

Ft Ir ◽

The Stability

In this study amphoteric cryogels were synthesized by the use of free-radical co-polymerization of acrylate-based precursors (methacrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonic acid) with allylamine at different ratios. The physico-chemical characteristics of the cryogels were examined using SEM/EDX, FT-IR, XPS and zeta potential measurements. The cryogels were tested toward Cd2+ removal from aqueous solutions at various pH and initial concentrations. Equilibrium studies revealed a maximum sorption capacity in the range of 132–249 mg/g. Leaching experiments indicated the stability of Cd2+ in the cryogel structure. Based on kinetics, equilibrium and characterization results, possible removal mechanisms are proposed, indicating a combination of ion exchange and complexation of Cd2+ with the cryogels’ surface functional groups. The cryogels were compared to commercially available adsorbents (zeolite Y and cation exchange resin) for the removal of Cd2+ from various water matrices (ultrapure water, tap water and river water) and the results showed that, under the experimental conditions used, the cryogels can be more effective adsorbents.

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Approach to tap water safety analysis in terms of biostability

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185900005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 00005

Author(s):

Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽

Dorota Papciak ◽

Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽

Andżelika Pietrzyk

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Tap Water ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Safety ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Subject ◽

Increased Susceptibility

The subject of the work is the analysis and assessment of the risk of biological instability of water. The lack of water stability causes the increased susceptibility of the distribution system to secondary microbial contamination of water and constitutes a hazard for consumers’ health. The risk is expressed as the loss of water supply safety and distinguishes a failure of not meeting certain water quality parameters that can influence physico-chemical parameters and the bacteriological quality of the water supplied to the consumers. In the paper the method of analysing and evaluating the risk of loss of biostability of tap water is presented. The presented analysis was performed on the basis of the operating data from the water treatment plant.

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Detection ofHelicobacter pyloriin City Water, Dental Units' Water, and Bottled Mineral Water in Isfahan, Iran

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/280510 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ahmad Reza Bahrami ◽

Ebrahim Rahimi ◽

Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Public Places ◽

Isfahan Province ◽

Coccoid Form ◽

Cultural Method ◽

Water Cooler ◽

H Pylori ◽

Bottled Mineral Water

Helicobacter pyloriinfection in human is one of the most common infections worldwide. However, the origin and transmission of this bacterium has not been clearly explained. One of the suggested theories is transmission via water. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate ofH. pyloriin tap water, dental units' water, and bottled mineral water in Iran. In the present study, totally 200 water samples were collected in Isfahan province and tested forH. pyloriby cultural method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the detection of theureC (glmM)gene. Using cultural method totally 5 cultures were positive. Two out of 50 tap water samples (4%), 2 out of 35 dental units' water (5.8%) samples, and 1 out of 40 (2.5% ) from water cooler in public places were found to be contaminated withH. pylori.H. pylori ureCgene was detected in 14 (7%) of water samples including 5 tap water (10%), 4 dental units' water (11.4%), 1 refrigerated water with filtration, and 4 (10%) water cooler in public places samples. This may be due to the coccoid form of bacteria which is detected by PCR method.

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