scholarly journals Approach to tap water safety analysis in terms of biostability

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00005
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Andżelika Pietrzyk
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The subject of the work is the analysis and assessment of the risk of biological instability of water. The lack of water stability causes the increased susceptibility of the distribution system to secondary microbial contamination of water and constitutes a hazard for consumers’ health. The risk is expressed as the loss of water supply safety and distinguishes a failure of not meeting certain water quality parameters that can influence physico-chemical parameters and the bacteriological quality of the water supplied to the consumers. In the paper the method of analysing and evaluating the risk of loss of biostability of tap water is presented. The presented analysis was performed on the basis of the operating data from the water treatment plant.

Application of Neurogenetic Modeling in Optimization of Water Treatment Plant Based on the Temporal Monitoring of Water Input Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Paulami De
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This article addresses methods to adjust operating requirements in water treatment plants (WTPs) in order to increase the efficiency of water treatment plants based on the nature of the water inflows into the systems. In the past, various studies have suggested that the quality of water inflow into the WTP has an impact on the efficiency and economic viability of operating treatment plants. Among all other quality parameters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the basic indicators about the overall quality of the water. Identification of a temporal pattern can help the engineers to adapt the WTP operations and can save the unnecessary wasting of plant resources. That is why the present article has proposed a new model that can predict the temporal patterns of various chemical parameters with the help of an analytic neuronal network. The model was applied to the case of a WTP that responds to a peri-urban catchment, leading to regular variations in the DO of water inflow. According to the performance metrics utilized the model was able to predict the temporal pattern at a lag of 1 hour.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Imad Ali Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Filtration Unit

Abstract: Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.

Removal of organic matter by the PAC-UF process: first two years of a full-scale application

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Baudin ◽  
C. Campos ◽  
J.M. Laîne
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
The Impact

At the end of 1997, an innovative membrane-adsorption process was integrated at the Vigneux-sur-Seine water treatment plant in the southeast suburbs of Paris, France. This hybrid process consisted of the application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) upstream of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and recycled to a floc blanket reactor (FBR) after membrane backwashes (FBR-PAC/UF process). This process was designed to mitigate seasonal episodes of micropollutants (pesticides and taste and odors) and to reduce the content of natural organic matter responsible for disinfectant and disinfection by-products. An intensive monitoring campaign of the plant effluent and ten sites in the distribution system was conducted two years before (1996-1997) and two years after (1998-1999) the start up of the PAC/UF process to characterize the impact of this treatment on the water quality of the distributed water. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the positive impact of the PAC/UF process on the organic and biological water quality of the Vigneux-sur-Seine distribution system. Thus, the combination of coagulation and adsorption in the FBR-PAC/UF process resulted in a TOC concentration lower than 0.7 mg/l, BDOC values lower than the detection limit (<0.2 mg/l) and total trihalomethanes concentrations below 10 μg/l. This reduction in organic content results in a reduction of the chlorine consumption by the water produced, which translates in the maintenance of higher chlorine residuals throughout the distribution system while using the same chlorine doses at the plant (0.3 mg/l).

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Selangor, Malaysia Water Treatment Plant Performance Using Chemometric Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
H M. Zolkipli ◽  
H Juahir ◽  
G Adiana ◽  
N Zainuddin ◽  
A B. H. M. Maliki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemometric Technique ◽  
And Performance

This study aims to identify the most significant parameters in drinking water quality, spatial disparities of treated water (TW) and performance of water treatment plant (WTP) in Selangor. Physico- chemical (PCPs), Inorganic (IPs), Heavy metal and organic (HMOPs) and pesticide (PPs) were selected as parameters to discriminate the source of WTP pollutant. Chemometric technique such as principle component analysis (PCA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to validate the performance of water treatment plant. PCA identified the most significant parameters which are highlighted six out of eight parameters for PCPs, six out of twelve parameters for IPs, nine out of sixteen parameters for HMOPs and all seventh parameters for PP. ANOVA for distinguish two categories region in WTP and showed both of PCPs and IPs had significant differences due to their concentration (p < 0.5) and HMOPs suggested fifth of significant differences within regions (p < 0.05). PP doesn’t give any significant differences (p > 0.05). DA was suggested PCPs, IPs and HMOPs in good performance (76.96%, 91.90% and 93.27%) except PP (50.43%). We can conclude that this chemometric technique can expose which area of WTP need to be properly maintains their performance to produce high quality of drinking water.  

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical stability of tap water in terms of required level of technological safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Izabela Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Properties

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to show the new approach to determining safety technological levels (SLs) in terms of water quality and its chemical stability, as well as issues of water corrosion properties in water distribution systems (WDSs), due to the fact that water supply pipes are prone to corrosion. In the paper the methodology of determining the risk associated with threat to technical infrastructure was considered. The concept was studied on the basis of real operational data from the water treatment plant. The probability of exceeding the individual parameters for WTPI is slightly larger than for WTPII, which means that this water treatment process may cause lack of chemical stability in the water supply network. Operators should anticipate in the process of designing water distribution system, using proper materials, as to ensure an adequate level of safety from the water source to the water recipient. It should be noted that it is necessary to adjust the material of internal installation of water supply networks to the parameters of the water. At present, there are no correlations between the designing step and water parameters. It was concluded that to protect the water supply infrastructure, which belongs to critical infrastructure, water company should put more emphasis on distribution of stable water that has not potentially corrosion properties. Some suggestions were made for the protection of WDS and to ensure safety of system functioning and long-term usability of water pipes.

Characters of chloramine decay in large looped water distribution system – the case of Tianjin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1483
Author(s):  
Kai Ma ◽  
Jiankun Hu ◽  
Hongda Han ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Large City ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Chlorine Residual

Abstract In the water distribution system of a large city, chloramine could experience rapid decay as residence time extends, which may further threaten drinking water safety. A correlation analysis was conducted between the total chlorine residual of four sites on the distribution system and the water quality of the corresponding water treatment plant with data from 2016 to 2018 for the city of Tianjin. The results showed that the total chlorine residuals of all sites were negatively correlated with the temperature of the treated water, while the total chlorine residual of pipeline water did not uniformly correlate with that of the treated water. Further, a chloramine decay calculation study showed that pipe wall-induced decay contributes a lot of chloramine losses by conducting Total Chloramine Decay Model (TCDM) calibration with the monitored data. Hence, increasing the total chlorine residual of treated water, especially in the hot season, may not effectively maintain the disinfectant concentration at an ideal level.

Epidemiology of endemic gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases: incidence, fraction attributable to tap water and costs to society

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Payment
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Medical Visit

Since 1989, prospective epidemiologic studies have been undertaken to evaluate if tap water can be a significant source of illness. These studies have compared groups of families consuming tap water to families drinking tap water further processed by reverse osmosis to eliminate microorganisms that could have evaded treatment. Studies have focused on a single water treatment plant and distribution system in order to reduce confounding factors. The water produced by the treatment plant meets all North-American regulations (Québec, Canada and United States). All studies are based on long observation periods (16 to 18 month) of randomly chosen families distributed randomly in the observation groups. The rate of gastrointestinal illness average was 0.7 episodes/person-year and varied between 0.2 and 3.0 episodes/person-year according to the observation periods. We have observed that 10 to 30% of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms were apparently associated to the consumption tap water. The annual rate of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal or respiratory diseases was 0.7% and the medical visit rate was 19%. Furthermore, 25% of the participants lost at least one day of work due to these symptoms. The costs associated to these health effects could reach several millions of dollars each year for Canada with a population of 30 million people.

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

Barcelona's water supply improvement: the brine collector of the Llobregat river

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Martín-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Public Work ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Llobregat River

The Llobregat is a 156 km long river, which supplies 35% of the Barcelona's drinking water needs from the Sant Joan Despí Water Treatment Plant. Since the establishment of the Salt Mine Works in the Llobregat basin in 1923, a progressive salinization of the water sources has been recorded. The operation of the Brine Collector, as a public work carried out by Aigües de Barcelona (AGBAR), started in 1989; it enabled a very significant improvement in the quality of the surface water used for drinking-water production.

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