scholarly journals Fulvic acid isolation and characterisation from water of a Ramsar Lake Mansar, J&K, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Sharma ◽  
Ritika Anthal

AbstractThe present study was undertaken with the aim to understand the chemical properties of aquatic fulvic acid in a clear water Lake Mansar. Along with that, the physical and chemical environment of the lake was also analysed. Fulvic acid was isolated from the water of Lake Mansar following IHSS recommended methodology and was subjected to characterisation, viz. elemental analysis, H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The yield of fulvic acid from water of Lake Mansar was 0.22 mg/L that was far less than coloured aquatic systems. Elemental analysis revealed per cent carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen content to be 53.6%, 5.04%, 6.3% and 35.06%, respectively. H-NMR and FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various functional groups like aliphatic, hydroxyl, amide, quinones, ketones, carbonyl, cellulose, etc. Based on the present studies, it was concluded that the origin of humic material in Lake Mansar is mostly from algae and non-vascular plants that have undergone less degree of humification.

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Tacke ◽  
Roland Niedner

Abstract Organosilicon compounds 8, 9 and 10 with potential curare-like action and their precursors 5, 6 and 7 were synthesized for the first time. 5−10 were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and their structures were confirmed by analyses, 1 H NMR and mass spectroscopy (only for 5−7). The pharmacological and toxicological data of 8, 9 and 10 are reported.


1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1444-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Schmidt ◽  
Erich Sametschek

Abstract The first examples of the hitherto unknown 1,2,4-Trithia-3,5-diborolanes with B-O-C-bonds have been synthesized and characterised. The diiodo substituted ring (2) reacts with 2,6-dimethylphenol, to form 3,5-bis-(2,6-dimethylphenyloxi)-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-di-borolane (3) and HI. 3,5-Diethoxi-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane, 5, and C2H5I are formed via the cleavage of diethylether by 2. From 2 and diisopropylether, the corresponding 3,5-diisopropyloxi-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane (6) is formed. The unsymmetrical ethers methyl-t-butylether and methylphenylether undergo reactions with 2 resulting in the formation of 3,5-dimethyloxi-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane (8) (besides t-C4H9I) and 3,5-diphenyloxi-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane (10) (besides CH3I). The thermal stability of the new compounds is increasing with increasing size of R in the -OR group and from aliphatic to aromatic R in this group. IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 11B NMR spectra of the compounds are reported as well as some physical and chemical properties.


1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tacke ◽  
M. Strecker ◽  
W. S. Sheldrick ◽  
E. Heeg ◽  
B. Berndt ◽  
...  

Abstract Sila-difenidol (6b), a sila-analogue of the drug difenidol (6a), was synthesized according to Scheme 1. 6b and its new precursors 3 and 5 were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and their structures confirmed by elementary analyses, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. 6 b crystallizes orthorhombic P212121 with a = 11.523(1), b = 14.366(4), c = 11.450(1) Å, Z = 4, Dber = 1.14 gcm-3. The structure was refined to R = 0.050 for 1897 reflexions. A strong nearly linear intramolecular O-H···N hydrogen bond of 2.685 Å is observed. The anticholinergic, histaminolytic and musculotropic spasmolytic activities of 6 a and 6 b are reported.


Author(s):  
D. V. Dovbnia ◽  
A. H. Kaplaushenko ◽  
Yu. S. Frolova

The aim of the work is to develop preparative methods for the synthesis of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids, to study the esterification reaction in this regard, to study physical and chemical properties of the obtained substances, and to predict their toxicity. Materials and methods. Compounds were synthesized using reagents and solvents qualified as “ch.p.”. The IUPAC nomenclature as supplemented was used during the preparation. The melting temperature was determined with the capillary method according to HFC (2.2.14) on the device PTP (M). Elemental analysis was determined with the ELEMENTAR vario EL cube analyzer (manufactured in Germany) (standard – sulfonamide). IR spectra were recorded using spectrophotometer Specord M-80 (manufactured in Germany) within the range of 4000–500 cm-1 (scanning was performed under the following conditions: slot program 3.0, time constant – τ = 3 s, scanning time 34 min, samples were analyzed in the form of tablets with potassium bromide). 1H NMR spectra were recorded using Varian VXR-300 spectrophotometer (manufactured in the USA), dimethyl sulfoxide-D6 solvent, and tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard. The spectra were decoded using the computer program ADVASP 1.43. Thin layer chromatography was performed using Sorbfil plates (analytical, size 10 × 15 cm, base: polymer substrate, sorbent: silica gel STX-1A, grain: 5–17 μm, layer thickness: 110 m combination – silicazole). Results. The synthesis of new 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids was carried out. These products became a basis for synthesis of a number of relevant esters. Physical and chemical properties were investigated for the synthesized compounds. The structure of the obtained substances was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR-spectroscopy, 1H NMR-spectrometry, and their individuality were established by thin-layer chromatography. Computer GUSAR-online prediction of acute toxicity of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids and their esters was performed. Conclusions. Preparative methods for the synthesis of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids have been developed, for which esterification reactions have been studied. Thus, physical and chemical properties of the received substances were investigated, and indicators of their toxicity were predicted.


10.5219/1131 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
Rabab Maraei ◽  
Noha Eliwa ◽  
Amina Aly

The experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2016 and 2017 on sweet pepper plants to study the effect of foliar application of some natural extracts (fulvic acid at 2, 4 and 6% or algae at 1, 2 and 4 g.L-1) were applied three times along each season (after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of planting). The influence was evaluated through the response of vegetative growth, and some physical and chemical characteristics of sweet pepper fruits. The results obtained showed that the algae extract at 1 g.L-1 in most cases was better than the other spray treatments investigated to improve most fruit characteristics (length, diameter and yield of fruits), vegetative growth, and chemical properties followed by 6% fulvic acid. With regard to organic acids, malic and citric acids are the main organic acids found in sweet pepper. Malic, succinic and glutaric acids were higher in 1 g.L-1 algae extract treatment, but the concentration of citric acid was higher in 6% fulvic acid treatment. Therefore, algae extract and fulvic acid could be safely recommended as a natural biostimulants application for improving most desirable characteristics of sweet pepper grown under the same experimental condition.


2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moamen S. Refat ◽  
Hosam A. Saad ◽  
Abdel Majid A. Adam ◽  
Mohamed A. Al-Omar ◽  
Ahmed M. Naglah

Abstract The topic of charge-transfer (CT) complexation of vital drugs has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their significant physical and chemical properties. In this study, CT complexes derived from the reaction of the anti-hyperuricemic drug allopurinol (Allop) with organic p-acceptors [(picric acid (PA), dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and chloranil (CHL)] were prepared, isolated and characterized by a range of physicochemical methods, such as IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the complexes was verified by elemental analysis. The results show that all complexes that were formed were based on a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. This study suggests that the complexation of Allop with either the DDQ or CHL acceptor leads to a direct p®p* transition, whereas the molecules of Allop and PA are linked by intermolecular hydrogen- bonding interactions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Hou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaodi Yang ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Hanshen Xin ◽  
...  

<p>Azulene, one of representative nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons, exhibits unique molecular structure and distinctive physical and chemical properties. Herein, an azulene-based isoindigo analogue, azulenoisoindigo (<b>AzII</b>) is designed and synthesized, which has a twisted molecular backbone and R/S-isomers in single crystals. Interestingly, <b>AzII</b> shows the characteristics of both isoindigo and azulene, such as completely reversible redox behavior and reversible proton responsiveness. UV-vis-NIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were carried out to get insights into the possible mechanism of the proton-responsive property of <b>AzII</b>. The results demonstrated that only one azulenyl moiety of molecule of <b>AzII</b> was protonated and deprotonated, and the protonated <b>AzII</b> can be further oxidized to form azulenium cation radicals.</p>


Author(s):  
Bin Hou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaodi Yang ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Hanshen Xin ◽  
...  

<p>Azulene, one of representative nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons, exhibits unique molecular structure and distinctive physical and chemical properties. Herein, an azulene-based isoindigo analogue, azulenoisoindigo (<b>AzII</b>) is designed and synthesized, which has a twisted molecular backbone and R/S-isomers in single crystals. Interestingly, <b>AzII</b> shows the characteristics of both isoindigo and azulene, such as completely reversible redox behavior and reversible proton responsiveness. UV-vis-NIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were carried out to get insights into the possible mechanism of the proton-responsive property of <b>AzII</b>. The results demonstrated that only one azulenyl moiety of molecule of <b>AzII</b> was protonated and deprotonated, and the protonated <b>AzII</b> can be further oxidized to form azulenium cation radicals.</p>


Author(s):  
IGNATOVA TATYANA ◽  
KAPLAUSHENKO ANDRIY ◽  
NAGORNA NATALIYA, ◽  
AVRAMENKO ANTONINA

Objective: The aim of this research was to synthesize and evaluate physical-chemical properties of 5-pheneyhyl-4-R-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole and to establish identity and structure of the synthesized compounds, namely alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates. Methods: As starting materials for synthesis of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates, the corresponding 2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)aceto(propane,benzo)nitrile have been used. Synthesis has been set in the absolute alcohol medium (propanol or butanol alcohol) with chloroform, using the saturation with dry hydrogen chloride. Results: In this study, we have developed nine new compounds have been received as a result of synthetic transformations, the structure of synthesized compounds has been confirmed by modern complex of physical-chemical methods of analysis (1H NMR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis), and their individuality has been conducted on gas-liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with a mass spectrometer Agilent 6120. Conclusion: As a result of the work, it was synthesized the new compounds of the series of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio) acet(propan,benz)imidates and was characterized by elemental analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis.


1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tacke ◽  
A. Bentlage ◽  
R. Towart ◽  
H. Meyer ◽  
F. Bossert ◽  
...  

The nifedipine-like 1,4-dihydropyridines 10a and 11a as well as their sila-analogues 10b, 10c, and 11b were synthesized for the first time. 10a, 10b, 10c, 11 a , 11b , and their precursors 8a, 8b, 9a, and 9b were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and their structures confirmed by analyses, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The antispasmodic, vasodilating, and antihypertensive properties of 10a, 10b, 10c, 11a, and 11b were compared.


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