scholarly journals Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-331
Author(s):  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Bálint Dima ◽  
Joseph F. Ammirati ◽  
Paul M. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Sequence Databases ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Diversity

AbstractSo far approximately 144,000 species of fungi have been named but sequences of the majority of them do not exist in the public databases. Therefore, the quality and coverage of public barcode databases is a bottleneck that hinders the study of fungi. Cortinarius is the largest genus of Agaricales with thousands of species world-wide. The most diverse subgenus in Cortinarius is Telamonia and its species have been considered one of the most taxonomically challenging in the Agaricales. Its high diversity combined with convergent, similar appearing taxa have earned it a reputation of being an impossible group to study. In this study a total of 746 specimens, including 482 type specimens representing 184 species were sequenced. Also, a significant number of old types were successfully sequenced, 105 type specimens were over 50 years old and 18 type specimens over 100 years old. Altogether, 20 epi- or neotypes are proposed for recently commonly used older names. Our study doubles the number of reliable DNA-barcodes of species of C. subgenus Telamonia in the public sequence databases. This is also the first extensive phylogenetic study of the subgenus. A majority of the sections and species are shown in a phylogenetic context for the first time. Our study shows that nomenclatural problems, even in difficult groups like C. subgenus Telamonia, can be solved and consequently identification of species based on ITS barcodes becomes an easy task even for non-experts of the genus.

Merulius: s.s. and s.l., taxonomic disposition and identification of species

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Ginns
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimens ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

Twenty-one species are treated in detail. New specific combinations are proposed as Ceraceomerulius albostramineus (Torrend) and its variety flavido-albus (Corner); as Ceraceomyces serpens (Ft.); as Gloeoporus chlorinus (Pat.) and G. subambiguus (P. Henn.); as Leucogyrophana luridochracea (Corner), L. sororia (Burt) and L. montana (Burt); as Meruliopsis ambiguus (Berk.), M. bellus (Berk. & Curtis), M. corium (Fr.), M. hirtellus (Burt), and M. miniatus (Wakef.); and as Radulomyces fuscus (Lloyd). Cultural characters are described in detail for the first time for M. ambiguus, M. hirtellus, Merulius incarnatus Schw., C. borealis (Rom.), C. serpens, and Ceraceomerulius albostramineus. Extensive new synonymy is proposed, which is based on the study of nearly 150 type specimens, and a nomenclator is included which contains over 350 valid combinations in Merulius.

scholarly journals Towards a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle subgenus Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) Lane, 1946 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): Division into species-groups

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244657
Author(s):  
Arturo González-Alvarado ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Distribution Composition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Internal Margin

Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 is perhaps the most speciose genus of the tribe Deltochilini sensu Tarasov & Dimitrov (2016) (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and has been traditionally divided into eight subgenera. Among them, the subgenus Deltohyboma Lane, 1946, is the most speciose with 47 species, five of which are described here (D. genieri sp. nov., D. gilli sp. nov., D. susanae sp. nov., D. bolivariensis sp. nov. and D. inesae sp. nov.), and at least 165 species still undescribed. Due to the large number of species, and for practical purposes, the subgenus is here divided into 19 species-groups, with D. inesae sp. nov. left as incertae sedis. This division into species-groups will help in the reliable identification of species and will aid in the completion of the revision of subgenus. This report is the first part of the taxonomic revision of the subgenus Deltohyboma; it is based on the examination of all type specimens and almost 9,800 specimens of which approximately 1,200, mostly males, had their genitalia studied. The 19 species-groups recognized here are based mainly on characters described for the first time for Deltohyboma, namely, the state of a) the anterior margin of the clypeus (between the clypeal teeth), b) the internal margin of hypomera, c) the ventral face of the protibia, d) the posterior margin of the metafemur, and e) several new characters resulting from the first detailed study of the aedeagus and the endophallus of the group. Diagnosis, description, geographic distribution, composition and identifications keys (for males as well as males and females) for the species-groups are provided.

Two new earthworm species of the genus Drawida (Oligochaeta: Moniligastridae) from southwestern Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4496 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
HUEI-PING SHEN ◽  
CHIH-HAN CHANG ◽  
WEN-JAY CHIH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central China ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Southwestern Taiwan ◽  
First Time

This study describes two new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Drawida (Oligochaeta: Moniligastridae) from southwestern Taiwan. They are Drawida alishanensis sp. nov. and Drawida fenqihuensis sp. nov. The two species were found at elevations of 1407–1661 m in the Alishan area, Chiayi County. DNA barcodes from type specimens of the new species are reported. This is the first time that new species of Drawida are discovered from the island of Taiwan. In addition, Drawida keikiensis Kobayashi, 1938 from Korea is found to be synonymous with Drawida syringa Chen, 1933 from central China. The synonymy of Drawida glabella Chen, 1938 with Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) is rejected.

scholarly journals Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. (Geraniaceae): systematics and chorology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00087
Author(s):  
Viktoriya I. Troshkina ◽  
Khukhuu Enkhtuvshin
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
First Time

This article addresses specific features of morphology and chronology of a species found for the first time in the flora of the Altai highland: Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. It is demonstrated that the species under study belongs to the taxon G. collinum Steph. ex Willd. A nomenclature citation is provided with a mention of type specimens and their storage locations and ecological confinedness. A key was compiled for identification of species of the section Recurvata. Issues of chronology are discussed, and a map of this species’ geographic range is provided.

Uncovering the Grylloidea and Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) in the Forest Research Center (Sepilok) Entomological Collection

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4701 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-349
Author(s):  
MING KAI TAN ◽  
RAZY JAPIR ◽  
ARTHUR Y.C. CHUNG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Taxonomic Research

Type specimens carry valuable information that can facilitate biodiversity research, especially in an era of mass extinction and unprecedent anthropogenic climate change. For Orthoptera, a few initiatives, including the Orthoptera Species File and digitization of collections by numerous museums, have helped to make images and information about the type specimens available on the World Wide Web. However, many local collections, especially those from the poorly studied regions of Southeast Asia, are still not available to the public. The collection of Grylloidea and Tettigonioidea gathered at the Forest Research Center, Sepilok in Sandakan, Sabah (Borneo) is one such example. We examined, identified, and imaged 12 and 45 species of Grylloidea and Tettigonioidea respectively from the collection (deposited as of October 2019) to facilitate taxonomic research by making the species in the collection accessible for everyone. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic study on fourteen symphytognathid species from Asia (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1072 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yucheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Type

Fourteen symphytognathid species belonging to three genera are examined, including the descriptions of eight new species and two new genera from China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar: Patu Marples, 1951: P. catba S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂, Vietnam), P. dakou S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China), P. damtao S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂, Vietnam), P. jiangzhou S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♀, China), P. jidanweishi Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♂♀, China), P. nagarat S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, Thailand), P. nigeri Lin & S. Li, 2009 (♀, China), P. putao S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♀, Myanmar), P. qiqi Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♀, China) and P. xiaoxiao Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♂♀, China); Kirinua S. Li & Lin, gen. nov.: K. maguai S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China) and K. yangshuo S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China); Swilda S. Li & Lin, gen. nov.: S. longtou (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009), comb. nov. (♂♀, China) is transferred from Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995 and S. spinathoraxi (Lin & S. Li, 2009), comb. nov. (♂♀, China) is transferred from Patu. Diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations are provided for new taxa, as well as a distribution map. The males of P. xiaoxiao and S. longtou are described for the first time. Type specimens of P. jidanweishi, P. nigeri, P. qiqi, P. xiaoxiao, S. longtou and S. spinathoraxi are re-examined and photographed. All Asian Patu species are revised and two species, P. kishidai Shinkai, 2009 and P. bispina Lin, Pham & S. Li, 2009, are transferred to Crassignatha and proposed as new combinations: Crassignatha kishidaicomb. nov. and C. bispinacomb. nov. In addition, DNA barcodes and genetic distances of ten species treated in this paper were obtained to confirm identification.

Case Study #4: Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ken Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Star Trek ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gene Roddenberry ◽  
Common Goals

Star Trek began as a 1960s television series led by a swashbuckling starship Captain, an intellectual off-world first officer, and a multicultural, heart-of-gold crew. In the third of a century since its appearance on our home screens, the series Gene Roddenberry created has become a world-wide phenomenon.Star Trek is also a rich treasure trove of administrative literature: The setting — usually a starship, sometimes a planetary government organization. The characters are clearly delineated, colorful, share common goals, distinguish between their personal and professional roles and concerns, and serve well as archetypes for distinct organizational personalities. And the missions are clear, benevolent, in the public interest, and frequently controversial.As you watch an episode of one of the four Star Trek series, how many of these facets can you observe?That’s public administration, all right, but in a very different wrapper

scholarly journals Diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Oueslati ◽  
Magdalena Mulet ◽  
Mohamed Zouaoui ◽  
Charlotte Chandeysson ◽  
Jorge Lalucat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract The damages observed in Tunisian citrus orchards have prompted studies on the Pseudomonas spp. responsible for blast and black pit. Prospective orchards between 2015 and 2017 showed that the diseases rapidly spread geographically and to new cultivars. A screening of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from symptomatic trees revealed their wide diversity according to phylogenetic analysis of their housekeeping rpoD and cts genes. The majority of strains were affiliated to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Phylogroup PG02b), previously described in Tunisia. However, they exhibited various BOX-PCR fingerprints and were not clonal. This work demonstrated, for the first time in Tunisia, the involvement of Pseudomonas cerasi (PG02a) and Pseudomonas congelans (PG02c). The latter did not show significant pathogenicity on citrus, but was pathogenic on cantaloupe and active for ice nucleation that could play a role in the disease. A comparative phylogenetic study of citrus pathogens from Iran, Montenegro and Tunisia revealed that P. syringae (PG02b) strains are closely related but again not clonal. Interestingly P. cerasi (PG02a) was isolated in two countries and seems to outspread. However, its role in the diseases is not fully understood and it should be monitored in future studies. The diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and the extension of the diseases highlight that they have become complex and synergistic. It opens questions about which factors favor diseases and how to fight against them efficiently and with sustainable means.

scholarly journals What's in a Word? Falsified/Counterfeit/Fake Medicines - The Definitions Debate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Isles
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
World Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Falsified Medicines ◽  
Trademark Protection ◽  
Exact Size

There is a rising tide of criminal activity to manufacture and distribute falsified, counterfeit, or fake medicines. The exact size of this problem is unknown but estimates vary from US$75 billion to US$200 billion per year, and evidence clearly demonstrates it is on the increase. Depending on the world region, infiltration into the legitimate supply chain versus the illegitimate (e.g., the internet) varies greatly. However, what is certain is that the direction of travel by regulatory agents is to develop supply chains that allow access to medicines via the World Wide Web. Within this context, there has been a long-running debate about how to correctly describe the various forms of medicines that are fraudulently or otherwise manufactured and distributed. This article attempts to describe the evolution of the definitions and recommends that a consensus be formed to describe such medicines that reach the public: • Falsified medicine: This being the term used and defined in the Falsified Medicines Directive and which is primarily concerned with public health. • Counterfeit medicine: This is closely associated and legally defined within intellectual property legislation and concentrates on trademark protection. • Fake medicine: This is the term that best serves to communicate with the public to raise awareness about the phenomenon.

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