scholarly journals Reduction of Depression in Diabetes: A New Pleiotropic Action of Metformin?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968
Author(s):  
Stella Papachristou ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas
Keyword(s):  
Pleiotropic Action

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Candida Activity and Action Mode of Benzoxazole Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5008
Author(s):  
Monika Staniszewska ◽  
Łukasz Kuryk ◽  
Aleksander Gryciuk ◽  
Joanna Kawalec ◽  
Marta Rogalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Phenacyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

A newly synthetized series of N-phenacyl derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, including analogues of 5-bromo- and 5,7-dibromobenzoxazole, were screened against Candida strains and the action mechanism was evaluated. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone (5d), 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,3,4-trichloro-phenyl)ethanone (5i), 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethanone (5k) and 2-[(5-bromo-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-phenylethanone (6a) showed anti-C. albicans SC5314 activity, where 5d displayed MICT = 16 µg/mL (%R = 100) and a weak anti-proliferative activity against the clinical strains: C. albicans resistant to azoles (Itr and Flu) and C. glabrata. Derivatives 5k and 6a displayed MICP = 16 µg/mL and %R = 64.2 ± 10.6, %R = 88.0 ± 9.7, respectively, against the C. albicans isolate. Derivative 5i was the most active against C. glabrata (%R = 53.0 ± 3.5 at 16 µg/mL). Benzoxazoles displayed no MIC against C. glabrata. Benzoxazoles showed a pleiotropic action mode: (1) the total sterols content was perturbed; (2) 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol and 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)ethanol (8h–i) at the lowest fungistatic conc. inhibited the efflux of the Rho123 tracker during the membrane transport process; (3) mitochondrial respiration was affected/inhibited by the benzoxazoles: 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol and 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanol 8c–d and 8i. Benzoxazoles showed comparable activity to commercially available azoles due to (1) the interaction with exogenous ergosterol, (2) endogenous ergosterol synthesis blocking as well as (3) membrane permeabilizing properties typical of AmB. Benzoxazoles display a broad spectrum of anti-Candida activity and action mode towards the membrane without cross-resistance with AmB; furthermore, they are safe to mammals.

scholarly journals Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in Physiological and Pathological Processes within the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8682
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Karpiesiuk ◽  
Katarzyna Palus
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and many peripheral organs, such as the digestive tract, endocrine, reproductive and respiratory systems, where it plays different regulatory functions and exerts a cytoprotective effect. The multifarious physiological effects of PACAP are mediated through binding to different G protein-coupled receptors, including PAC1 (PAC1-R), VPAC1 (VPAC1-R) and VPAC2 (VPAC2-R) receptors. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, PACAP plays an important regulatory function. PACAP stimulates the secretion of digestive juices and hormone release, regulates smooth muscle contraction, local blood flow, cell migration and proliferation. Additionally, there are many reports confirming the involvement of PACAP in pathological processes within the GI tract, including inflammatory states, neuronal injury, diabetes, intoxication and neoplastic processes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the distribution and pleiotropic action of PACAP in the control of GI tract function and its cytoprotective effect in the course of GI tract disorders.

JB Special Review - Stimulation of exosome biogenesis by adiponectin, a circulating factor secreted from adipocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunbun Kita ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Exosome Biogenesis ◽  
Special Review ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Mouse Aorta

Summary Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived circulating factor that protects various organs and tissues. Such a pleiotropic action mechanism has not yet been fully explained. Clinically important multimer adiponectin existing in serum bound to cells expressing T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cadherin, but not to the cells expressing other known receptors, AdipoRs or calreticulin. Adiponectin bound to the cell-surface, accumulated inside of multivesicular bodies through T-cadherin, and increased exosome biogenesis and secretion from the cells. Such increased exosome production accompanied the reduction of cellular ceramides in endothelial cells and mouse aorta, and enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration. Significantly lower plasma exosome levels were found in mice genetically deficient in either adiponectin or T-cadherin. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice required the presence of adiponectin in plasma, T-cadherin expression, and exosome-biogenesis in MSCs themselves, accompanying an increase of plasma exosomes. Essentially all organs seem to have MSCs and/or their related somatic stem cells expressing T-cadherin. Our recent studies suggested the importance of exosome-stimulation by multimer adiponectin in its well-known pleiotropic organ protections.

RELATIONSHIP OF TAXA IN THE GENUS MEDICAGO AS REVEALED BY HYBRIDIZATION. V. SECTION INTERTEXTAE

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins ◽  
S. M. Singh ◽  
A. Erac
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Hereditary Material ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Relationship Of

Urban (1873) characterized Medicago L. division Intertextae Urb. as having black seeds. An exception to this was found among M. granadensis Willd.; there were accessions with black as well as with brown seeds. Black seed color was dominant over brown and segregated in F2 in ratio 3:1. Two other M. granadensis marker characters: colored vs. green stems, hairy stems vs. smooth stems similarly segregated in a 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant. The colored and white patch in the middle of leaflets appeared to be determined by a gene P for patching, a gene C being responsible for the presence of color. No recombinations were found between colored patch in leaflets, colored stems, and black seeds, indicating that there is only one gene for color with pleiotropic action, or that the genes are closely linked M. granadensis did not hybridize with M. intertexta and M. ciliaris. It clearly is a separate species.M. intertexta Mill., M. ciliaris All. and M. muricoleptis Tin. could be intercrossed. Marker characters, red basal patch vs. no patch in leaflets and hairs vs. no hairs on pods, segregated in F2 in a normal 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant, Segregation did not indicate that there was any linkage between the two characters. Seed weight difference was determined by two genes acting in an additive manner. Distribution of leaf marking in seed weight classes indicated an independent segregation. Pollen fertility of F1's was less than 50%. There were observed irregularities in 30% of meiotic metaphases studied in F1 of M. muricoleptis × M. ciliaris. Because of some interbreeding barrier the taxa may be considered separate species though their hereditary material can be interchanged.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic action of aldosterone in epithelia mediated by transcription and post-transcription mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Verrey ◽  
David Pearce ◽  
Rahel Pfeiffer ◽  
Benjamin Spindler ◽  
Luca Mastroberardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleiotropic Action

scholarly journals Pleiotropic actions of estrogen: a mitochondrial matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions

Estrogen provides many beneficial effects early in life by regulating normal tissue development and several physiological functions. While estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women was expected to reduce the health risks associated with the age-related decline in estrogen levels during menopause, ERT also resulted in increased progression to other types of diseases. Hence, distinguishing the signaling pathways that regulate the beneficial and detrimental effects of estrogen is important for developing interventions that selectively harness the hormone's beneficial effects, while minimizing its side effects. Estrogen can minimize mitochondrial dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to aging phenotypes. Decline in estrogen levels during menopause may lead to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and may permanently alter cellular response, including that of estrogen (i.e., ERT). This review discusses the interplay between estrogen and mitochondrial function during the aging process and suggests a potential role of mitochondria in influencing the pleiotropic action of estrogen.

scholarly journals CELL CLUSTERING AND PLEIOTROPY IN WHITE-VARIEGATED EYES AND MALPIGHIAN TUBES OF DROSOPHILA HYDEI

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
F M A Van Breugel
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Drosophila Hydei ◽  
Cell Clustering ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT The type of variegation of eyes of white-mottled mutants of D. hydei, either small-spotted or large-spotted, depends on the specific chromosome rearrangement involved. This distinction between mutants, though handsome, is not absolute because very seldomly small-spotted types do show a larger pigment aggregate and some "large-spotted" flies have no large spots at all, but only minor spots. Because of a pleiotropic action of the white gene, we could study the variegation of Malpighian tubules. The quasi-linear array of Malpighian cells enables a thorough statistical analysis. The problem was in how far the variegation of the tubes that is correlated with the variegation of eyes (in as far as numbers of pigmented and unpigmented cells are concerned) is also connected with a cell-lineage type of determination. Statistics now show that in spite of temperature-induced great variation in the percentage of pigmented cells, all types studied show a nearly random distribution of pigmented and unpigmented cells in the Malpighian tubules. This implies that the cell-lineage type of determinatim is not only largely mutant-specific but also organ-specific, i.e., limited to eyes. A basic gradient, however, as characteristic for eyes, was also found in Malpighian tubes.

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