The role of emulsification as pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of oleic acid: process performance, modeling, and sludge metabolic properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Eftaxias ◽  
Vasileios Diamantis ◽  
Christos Michailidis ◽  
Katerina Stamatelatou ◽  
Alexandros Aivasidis
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Acid Process ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Hydrothermal Pretreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafsha Ahmed ◽  
Kaoutar Aboudi ◽  
Vinay Kumar Tyagi ◽  
Carlos José Álvarez-Gallego ◽  
Luis Alberto Fernández-Güelfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microbes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Detoxification Process

Lignocellulosic biomass, comprising of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is a difficult-to-degrade substrate when subjected to anaerobic digestion. Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass could enhance the process performance by increasing the generation of methane, hydrogen, and bioethanol. The recalcitrants (furfurals, and 5-HMF) could be formed at high temperatures during hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, which may hinder the process performance. However, the detoxification process involving the use of genetically engineered microbes may be a promising option to reduce the toxic effects of inhibitors. The key challenge lies in the scaleup of the hydrothermal process, mainly due to necessity of upholding high temperature in sizeable reactors, which may demand high capital and operational costs. Thus, more efforts should be towards the techno-economic feasibility of hydrothermal pre-treatment at full scale.

Role of soil in improving process performance and methane yield of anaerobic digestion with corn straw as substrate

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Yao ◽  
Jianye Zhou ◽  
Lizhe An ◽  
Gopi Krishna Kafle ◽  
Shulin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Corn Straw

ENHANCED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PERFORMANCES: EFFECT OF SLUDGE ULTRASOUND PRE-TREATMENT AND ROLE OF THE MICROBIAL POPULATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Maria Braguglia ◽  
Maria Cristina Gagliano ◽  
Agata Gallipoli ◽  
Simona Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Membrane condenser as emerging technology for water recovery and gas pre-treatment: current status and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Brunetti ◽  
Francesca Macedonio ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Enrico Drioli
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract The recent roadmap of SPIRE initiative includes the development of “new separation, extraction and pre-treatment technologies” as one of the “key actions” for boosting sustainability, enhancing the availability and quality of existing resources. Membrane condenser is an innovative technology that was recently investigated for the recovery of water vapor for waste gaseous streams, such as flue gas, biogas, cooling tower plumes, etc. Recently, it has been also proposed as pre-treatment unit for the reduction and control of contaminants in waste gaseous streams (SOx and NOx, VOCs, H2S, NH3, siloxanes, halides, particulates, organic pollutants). This perspective article reports recent progresses in the applications of the membrane condenser in the treatment of various gaseous streams for water recovery and contaminant control. After an overview of the operating principle, the membranes used, and the main results achieved, the work also proposes the role of this technology as pre-treatment stage to other separation technologies. The potentialities of the technology are also discussed aspiring to pave the way towards the development of an innovative technology where membrane condenser can cover a key role in redesigning the whole upgrading process.

scholarly journals TILLING-by-Sequencing+ Reveals the Role of Novel Fatty Acid Desaturases (GmFAD2-2s) in Increasing Soybean Seed Oleic Acid Content

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Naoufal Lakhssassi ◽  
Valéria Stefania Lopes-Caitar ◽  
Dounya Knizia ◽  
Mallory A. Cullen ◽  
Oussama Badad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Tilling By Sequencing

Soybean is the second largest source of oil worldwide. Developing soybean varieties with high levels of oleic acid is a primary goal of the soybean breeders and industry. Edible oils containing high level of oleic acid and low level of linoleic acid are considered with higher oxidative stability and can be used as a natural antioxidant in food stability. All developed high oleic acid soybeans carry two alleles; GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B. However, when planted in cold soil, a possible reduction in seed germination was reported when high seed oleic acid derived from GmFAD2-1 alleles were used. Besides the soybean fatty acid desaturase (GmFAD2-1) subfamily, the GmFAD2-2 subfamily is composed of five members, including GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E. Segmental duplication of GmFAD2-1A/GmFAD2-1B, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2D/GmFAD2-2C have occurred about 10.65, 27.04, 100.81, and 106.55 Mya, respectively. Using TILLING-by-Sequencing+ technology, we successfully identified 12, 8, 10, 9, and 19 EMS mutants at the GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E genes, respectively. Functional analyses of newly identified mutants revealed unprecedented role of the five GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E members in controlling the seed oleic acid content. Most importantly, unlike GmFAD2-1 members, subcellular localization revealed that members of the GmFAD2-2 subfamily showed a cytoplasmic localization, which may suggest the presence of an alternative fatty acid desaturase pathway in soybean for converting oleic acid content without substantially altering the traditional plastidial/ER fatty acid production.

scholarly journals The Insulin Receptor Mediates Insulin’s Early Plasma Clearance by Liver, Muscle, and Kidney

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rick I. Meijer ◽  
Eugene J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Initial Clearance

The role of the insulin receptor in mediating tissue-specific insulin clearance in vivo has not been reported. Using physiologic insulin doses, we measured the initial clearance rate (first 5 min) of intravenously injected ([125I]TyrA14)-insulin by muscle, liver, and kidney in healthy rats in the presence and absence of the insulin receptor blocker S961. We also tested whether 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) affected the initial rate of insulin clearance. Pre-treatment with S961 for 60 min prior to administering labeled insulin raised plasma ([125I]TyrA14)insulin concentration approximately 5-fold (p < 0.001), demonstrating receptor dependency for plasma insulin clearance. Uptake by muscle (p < 0.01), liver (p < 0.05), and kidney (p < 0.001) were each inhibited by receptor blockade, undoubtedly contributing to the reduced plasma clearance. The initial plasma insulin clearance was not significantly affected by HFD, nor was muscle-specific clearance. However, HFD modestly decreased liver clearance (p = 0.056) while increasing renal clearance by >50% (p < 0.01), suggesting a significant role for renal insulin clearance in limiting the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies HFD. We conclude that the insulin receptor is a major mediator of initial insulin clearance from plasma and for its clearance by liver, kidney, and muscle. HFD feeding increases renal insulin clearance to limit systemic hyperinsulinemia.

scholarly journals Identification of an Immature Subset of PMN-MDSC Correlated to Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Françoise Gondois-Rey ◽  
Magali Paul ◽  
Florence Alcaraz ◽  
Sarah Bourass ◽  
Jilliana Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Direct Cytotoxicity ◽  
Radiological Response ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Immature Cells

PMN-MDSCs support tumor progression and resistance to ICI therapy through their suppressive functions but their heterogeneity limits their use as biomarkers in cancer. Our aim was to investigate the phenotypic and functional subsets of PMN-MDSCs to identify biomarkers of response to ICI therapy. We isolated low-density CD15+ PMNs from patients with metastatic melanoma and assessed their immune-suppressive capacities. Expression of CD10 and CD16 was used to identify mature and immature subsets and correlate them to inhibition of T cell proliferation or direct cytotoxicity. Frequencies of the PMN-MDSCs subsets were next correlated to the radiological response of 36 patients receiving ICI therapy. Mature activated cells constituted the major population of PMN-MDSCs. They were found in a higher proportion in the pre-treatment blood of patients non responders to ICI. A subset of immature cells characterized by intermediate levels of CD10 and CD16, the absence of expression of SIRPα and a strong direct cytotoxicity to T cells was increased in patients responding to ICI. The paradoxical expansion of such cells during ICI therapy suggests a role of PMNs in the inflammatory events associated to efficient ICI therapy and the usefulness of their monitoring in patients care.

scholarly journals The role of trans obturator tape as a surgical procedure for female stress urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life in Jammu region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4975
Author(s):  
Sapna Puri ◽  
Manisha Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Female Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
King’S Health Questionnaire ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Stress incontinence is one of the most common but debilitating health issue among women. It has a detrimental effect on overall health and quality of life of women. Trans obturator tape (TOT) has emerged as a promising treatment modality. The aim of present study was to assess the usefulness of TOT in terms of change in quality of life of stress incontinence patients.Methods: The study was performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acharya Shri Chandler of Medical Sciences (ASCOMS), Jammu. A total of 50 symptomatic women were enrolled in the study and underwent TOT procedure using outside-in technique. The quality of life of women was assessed at enrolment and 12 months after the procedure using King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Change in QOL was assessed using paired ‘t’-test.Results: After 12 months follow-up, a total of 27 (54%) patients were entirely symptom free. As compared to pre-treatment QOL assessment on KHQ for general health/incontinence impact, quality of life and symptom scores a % decline of 73.2%, 79.8% and 78.4% was observed. For all the three parts, the change in scores was significant statistically. No other complications and side effects were reported.Conclusions: TOT is a useful procedure which provided symptomatic relief as well as QOL enhancement.

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