scholarly journals Coeffects of diet and neonicotinoid exposure on honeybee mobility and food choice

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Vodovnik ◽  
Anna-Maria Borshagovski ◽  
Sanja Maria Hakala ◽  
Matti Leponiemi ◽  
Dalial Freitak
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sublethal Doses

AbstractMalnutrition and pesticide exposure are severe factors contributing to the current losses of honeybee colonies. As these stressors often occur combined, we studied the synergistic effects of different diets and pesticide exposure on food choice and mobility of Apis mellifera. We fed beehives with different food sources and exposed the bees to sublethal doses of thiacloprid. After that three different types of honey and pollen were offered in separate choice assays and behaviour towards food was recorded. Thiacloprid significantly affected the food choice in the honey assay, increasing the bees’ preference of polyfloral honey, while pre-pesticide diet had no influence. The pollen choice remained similar regardless of treatments, as bees always preferred polyfloral pollen. Interestingly, pesticide exposure affected bee mobility differently, depending on the previous diet. These results indicate that the diet is an important factor influencing the susceptibility to pesticides.

Synergistic effects of pathogen and pesticide exposure on honey bee (Apis mellifera) survival and immunity

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Grassl ◽  
Shannon Holt ◽  
Naomi Cremen ◽  
Marianne Peso ◽  
Dorothee Hahne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Synergistic Effects

scholarly journals Acute Thiamethoxam exposure in Apis mellifera : Absence of both stress-induced changes in mRNA splicing and synergistic effects of common fungicide and herbicide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Decio ◽  
Pinar Ustaoglu ◽  
Thaisa C. Roat ◽  
Osmar Malaspina ◽  
Jean-Marc Devaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Spliceosomal Intron ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
First Time

AbstractSecuring food supply for a growing population is one of the current major challenges and heavily relies on the use of agrochemicals to maximize crop yield. Neonicotinoids are globally one of the most widely used insecticides. It is increasingly recognized, that neonicotinoids have a negative impact on non-target organisms, including important pollinators such as the European honey bee Apis mellifera. Toxicity of neonicotinoids may be enhanced through simultaneous exposure with additional pesticides, which could help explain, in part, the global decline of honey bee colonies. Here we examined whether exposure effects of the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam are enhanced by the commonly used fungicide Carbendazim and the herbicide Glyphosate. For the first time, we also analysed alternative splicing changes upon pesticide exposure in the honey bee. In particular, we examined transcripts of three genes: i) the stress sensor gene X box binding protein-1 (Xbp1), ii) the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) gene and iii) the embryonic lethal/abnormal visual system (elav) gene, both important genes for neuronal function. Our results indicate that neonicotinoid toxicity applied at sub-lethal doses is not enhanced by Carbendazim nor Glyphosate. Likewise, toxicity of these compounds did not impact on the complex process of spliceosomal-directed joining of exons and non-spliceosomal intron excision in the analysed mRNAs.

scholarly journals Nanometals-Containing Polymeric Membranes for Purification Processes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Anna Rabajczyk ◽  
Maria Zielecka ◽  
Krzysztof Cygańczuk ◽  
Łukasz Pastuszka ◽  
Leszek Jurecki
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Titanium Zinc ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge

A recent trend in the field of membrane research is the incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membranes, which could produce synergistic effects when using different types of materials. This paper discusses the effect of the introduction of different nanometals such as silver, iron, silica, aluminum, titanium, zinc, and copper and their oxides on the permeability, selectivity, hydrophilicity, conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antiviral and antibacterial properties of polymeric membranes. The effects of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, type, size, and concentration on a membrane’s intrinsic properties such as pore morphology, porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, membrane surface charge, and roughness are discussed, and the performance of nanocomposite membranes in terms of flux permeation, contaminant rejection, and antifouling capability are reviewed. The wide range of nanocomposite membrane applications including desalination and removal of various contaminants in water-treatment processes are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF EXECUTIVE INCENTIVES ON TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION OF DECLINING ENTERPRISES – THE MODERATING EFFECT OF DECLINE DEGREE AND ORGANISATIONAL SLACK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIYAN DUAN ◽  
KAMRAN AHMED ◽  
MARTHIN NANERE
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Executive Incentives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equity Incentive

We examine the effects of different types of executive incentives on technological innovation of declining firms and the moderating effects of the degree of decline and organisational slack on executive incentives and enterprise technological innovation. We also assess the synergetic effects of different types of executive incentives on technological innovation of declining enterprises. We find the following: first, executive compensation incentive, equity incentive and control incentives are beneficial to promote technological innovation in declining enterprises. Second, the degree of decline negatively moderates the relationship between equity incentive and technological innovation. Third, organisational slack positively moderates the relationship between equity incentive and technological innovation, as well as the relationship between control incentives and technological innovation, especially for severely declining enterprises. Fourth, there are synergistic effects between executive control incentive and compensation incentive, control incentives and equity incentive on technological innovation. The contributions are as follows: first, taking declining enterprises as sample, we suggest that to increase the role of compensation incentive and equity incentive in promoting technological innovation in declining enterprises, the control incentives should be strengthened. Second, organisational slack should be fully exploited for severely declining enterprises so that executives should have the motivation and conditions to carry out technological innovation and further help declining enterprises to turnaround successfully.

SUBSTANTIATION OF STRATEGIES OF DIVERSIFICATION OF ACTIVITY OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Omelyanovych ◽  
◽  
Fedir Demishkan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Industrial Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trucking Company ◽  
Further Development

The study considered the main approaches to the concept of diversification. It was determined that there are different types of diversification depending on the sources of its origin, but the main groups of classification are: functional (by processes), commercial and resource. In general, the economic system can have four typical situations when a process of diversification (specialization) occurs: 1) specialization is more profitable than the possible option of diversification; 2) specialization is the only possible way of further development and existence for this economic system in specific economic conditions; 3) diversification is more profitable than specialization; 4) diversification is the only possible way of further existence and development. Diversification is especially important in conditions of uncertainty in the development of the external environment. In such situations, diversification is the only way to avoid collapse and achieve sustainable development. The firm makes several bets in the hope that at least one of them will win. Offensive motives include aggressive growth policies; financial opportunities; overcoming the limits of growth; achieving synergistic effects. Here it is necessary to determine the presence of defense motives for the use of diversification: the distribution of business risk; reduction of cyclical instability; replacement of the declining activity. In accordance with the objectives of the study for the trucking company, it is possible to propose the use of such diversification strategies as industrial diversification, which is realized through changes in the production capacity of the trucking company; marketing diversification, which will promote the positioning of the relocation service in different market segments, and competitive diversification, which should be carried out using the methods of portfolio analysis of the company's positioning in the market.

scholarly journals Agrochemical synergism imposes higher risk to Neotropical bees than to honeybees

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson V. V. Tomé ◽  
Gabryele S. Ramos ◽  
Micaele F. Araújo ◽  
Weyder C. Santana ◽  
Gil R. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Africanized Honeybee ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Population Numbers

Bees are key pollinators whose population numbers are declining, in part, owing to the effects of different stressors such as insecticides and fungicides. We have analysed the susceptibility of the Africanized honeybee, Apis mellifera , and the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, to commercial formulations of the insecticides deltamethrin and imidacloprid. The toxicity of fungicides based on thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil were investigated individually and in combination, and with the insecticides. Results showed that stingless bees were more susceptible to insecticides than honeybees. The commercial fungicides thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil caused low mortality, regardless of concentration; however, their combination was as toxic as imidacloprid to both species, and over 400-fold more toxic than deltamethrin for A. mellifera . There were highly synergistic effects on mortality caused by interactions in the mixture of imidacloprid and the fungicides thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and the combined fungicide formulation in A. mellifera, and also to a lesser extent in P. helleri . By contrast, mixtures of the deltamethrin and the combined fungicide formulation induced high synergy in P. helleri , but had little effect on the mortality of A. mellifera . Differences in physiology and modes of action of agrochemicals are discussed as key factors underlying the differences in susceptibility to agrochemicals.

Lexical Segmentation in Artificial Word Learning: The Effects of Converging Sublexical Cues

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Bagou ◽  
Ulrich Hans Frauenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
New Words ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Prosodic Cues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lexical Segmentation

This study examines how French listeners segment and learn new words of artificial languages varying in the presence of different combinations of sublexical segmentation cues. The first experiment investigated the contribution of three different types of sublexical cues (acoustic-phonetic, phonological and prosodic cues) to word learning. The second experiment explored how participants specifically exploited sublexical prosodic cues. Whereas complementary cues signaling word-initial and word-final boundaries had synergistic effects on word learning in the first experiment, the two manipulated prosodic cues redundantly signaling word-final boundaries in the second experiment were rank-ordered with final pitch variations being more weighted than final lengthening. These results are discussed in light of the notions of cue type, cue position and cue efficiency.

scholarly journals A Locomotor Deficit Induced by Sublethal Doses of Pyrethroid and Neonicotinoid Insecticides in the Honeybee Apis mellifera

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0144879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercédès Charreton ◽  
Axel Decourtye ◽  
Mickaël Henry ◽  
Guy Rodet ◽  
Jean-Christophe Sandoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Sublethal Doses
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