Chemical Constituents of Methanol and n-Hexane Extracts of Zosimia absinthifolia (Seeds)

The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is an insect that causes serious damages to more than 112 plant species belonging to 44 different families. Botanical extracts of Ipomoea carnea were very efficient against fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Based on LC50 and LC90 values, Ipomoea carnea acetone extracts were recorded 24.622 and 164.947 ppm, respectively. While hexane extracts were 232.677 and 15,377.590 ppm, respectively. Also, the treatment of fourth instar larva of S. littoralis with chlorpyrifos insecticide caused 9.497 and 91.126 ppm, respectively. The chemical constituents of acetone extract of I. carnea by using GC–MS analysis resulted in the most active compounds that were palmatic (iso propyl-hexadecanoate), silane, [[(3.alpha.,5.alpha.,20R)-pregnane-3,20-diyl]bis(oxy)] bis (trimethyl-(cas)5. and pederone that recorded (44.025%, 11.455% and 9.325%, respectively). Ipomoea carnea extracts were produced with different deformation abnormalities of all S. littoralis stages.Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria, Ipomoea carnea, botanical extracts, bioassay.

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Influence of the Parasite Viscum cruciatum Sieber on the Chemical Constituents of Crataegus monogyna Jacq

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2001-11-1228 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1091-1094

Author(s):

Carmen Ahumada ◽

Dolores García ◽

Teresa Saenz ◽

Alicia Gómez ◽

Arturo Cert

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Ursolic Acid ◽

Homologous Series ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Aliphatic Alcohols ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Crataegus Monogyna ◽

Two Samples ◽

Hexane Extracts

Abstract A phytochemical study of two plant species, Viscum cruciatum Sieber and Crataegus monogyna Jacq., was completed to investigate the influence of the parasite Viscum cruciatum on the host Crataegus monogyna. The study was carried out with two samples and consisted of hexane extracts of the Viscum cruciatum parasitizing on Crataegus monogyna and C. monogyna. In these samples ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and a triterpene fraction were found that contained mainly butyrospermol (3β-lanost 8 , 24-dien, 3-ol), 24-methylene-24-dihydrolanost-erol (24-methylene-5a-lanost-8-en-3β-ol), cycloartenol (9β, 19-cyclo-5α, 9β-lanost-24-en-3β-ol), β-amyrin (olean-12-en-3β-ol) and several aliphatic alcohols identified as the C18 to C30 members of the 1 -alkanol homologous series. β-Amyrin acetate was only isolated from Viscum cruciatum and was not found in Cratae gus monogyna.

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Characterization of Malaria Preventive Extracts from Myrsine africana Seeds

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v40i430233 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Renei Shopoko ◽

Osano Aloys ◽

Bakari Chaka

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Solid Content ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Myrsine Africana

Introduction: The use of pharmaceutical anti-malaria drugs in many rural areas is not common. Various plant extracts have been used as anti-plasmodial agents. Myrsine africana seed extracts are common anti-malaria agents amongst the Maasai community of Kenya. Aims: This study aimed at characterizing the chemical constituents of methanolic, aqua and n-hexane extracts of Myrsine africana seeds. Study Design: An independent measures design was used. Methodology: The extracts were obtained by maceration of the seeds before subjecting to physical-chemical analysis, functional groups, bio-metal concentrations and phytochemicals screening. Antibacterial studies were conducted using E. coli and S. aureus. The extracts were thereafter screened for presence of quinine and chloroquine by UV VIS spectroscopy. Results: The results indicated the extracts were weakly acidic with moderate solid content. The FT-IR peaks of the extracts indicated abundance of carboxylic acids and benzylic groups. The extracts had a moderate iron concentration with mild copper, cobalt and zinc concentrations. The extracts were also rich in tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids and steroids. The antibacterial proficiency of both stains used increased with concentration of extracts and were highest at 50.0 mg/mL. Methanolic and water extracts of the seeds also showed appreciable quinines and chloroquinines concentrations. Conclusions: M. africana seed methanolic and water extracts can be used as anti-plasmodial drugs to help curb malaria in rural tropical regions.

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Chemical constituents of ethanol extract of leaves and molluscicidal activity of crude extracts from vitex trifolia linn.

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2013-0021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 19-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeet S. Jangwan ◽

Rita P. Aquino ◽

Teresa Mencherini ◽

Patrizia Picerno ◽

Raghubir Singh

Keyword(s):

Ursolic Acid ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽

The Family ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

First Time

Abstract β-sitosterol and two triterpenoids: ursolic acid acetate and platanic acid have been isolated from ethanolic extract of Vitex trifola leaves. β-sitosterol was previously isolated from the leaves, stem and seeds of Vitex trifolia. Ursolic acid acetate has been isolated for the first time in this plant species. Platanic acid has been reported for the first time in Vitex trifolia and even in the family of this plant: Verbenaceae. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods including 1D-1HNMR, 13CNMR, ESIMS and 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY) experiments and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with those from the literature. A preliminary molluscicidal test for ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts of leaves of Vitex trifolia against Biomphalaria alexandrina adult snails showed that ethanol extract of leaves with LC50 value 26.42 mg/l (27.92 mg/l - 24.99 mg/l) was more effective than n-hexane extract with LC50 value 35.48 mg/l (43.81 mg/l - 28.72mg/l) and chloroform extract with LC50 value 46.77 mg/l (53.59 mg/l - 43.81 mg/l) after 24 h exposure.

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QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FURANOCOUMARINS AND IDENTIFICATION OTHER CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF RHIZOMES AND LEAVES FROM DORSTENIA TUBICINA AND COMMERCIAL SAMPLES

Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry - Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 28, No. 28, 2020 ◽

10.48141/sbjchem.v7.n8.1999.52_1999.pdf ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

CLAUDIA A. L. CARDOSO ◽

WAGNER VILEGAS ◽

NELI K. HONDA

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Resolution ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ionization Detector ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

High Resolution Gas Chromatography ◽

Sensitive Method ◽

Chromatographic Mass

The chemical composition of the hexane extracts from the rhizomes and leaves of Dorstenia tubicina Ruiz et Pavon (Moraceae) and four commercial samples of Dorstenia was investigated by high-resolution gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (HRGC-FID) and high-resolution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS). This is a rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of furanocoumarins and identification isoprene derivatives (triterpenes, steroids, and vitamins) from apolar crude extracts of Dorstenia species

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Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Don

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00100-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thejanuo Rhetso ◽

R. Shubharani ◽

M. S. Roopa ◽

V. Sivaram

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chemical Constituent ◽

Saponin Content ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Allium Chinense

Abstract Background Allium chinense G. Don is a medicinal and aromatic herb belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, characterized by a high saponin content. The previous report has mostly been focused on the bulb, and there is very limited work on the leaf. The information about biological and chemical constituent of A. chinense leaf is still inadequate in contrast to the investigations reported on the bulb. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the hexane extract of both bulb and leaf extract. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on identifying and characterization of the hexane extracts of A. chinense bulb and leaf quantitatively and by using the GC-MS method and to know its scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Results Twenty-eight bioactive compounds were identified in the bulb and nine in the leaf extract by GC-MS analysis. The versatile compounds present in the bulb are 2-methyloctacosane (21.30%), tetracontane (14.05%), eicosane, 10-methyl (12.06%), heneicosane (8.46%), octadecyl trifluoroacetate (6.48%), and 1-heneicosanol (5.76%), whereas in the leaf, it was phytol (35.76%), tetratetracontane (18.49%), perhydrofarnesyl acetone (14.76%), and heptadecane, 2,6-dimethyl (10.79%). In quantitative estimation, saponins were estimated to have the highest with 375.000 ± 0.577 mg/g in the leaf and 163.750 ± 0.433 mg/g in the bulb. The DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity was found to be minimum in both the bulb (IC50 = 678.347 μg/ml) and leaf (IC50 = 533.337 μg/ml). A. chinense extracts of both leaf and bulb exerted potential antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Leaf extract exhibited greater antifungal activity than the bulb against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion From the analysis, the hexane leaf extract exhibited higher antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity than the bulb. Their superior activity might be due to the higher content of total saponin and terpenes. This result will lead to further in-depth research towards the potential use of this plant; the bio-constituents can be further isolated and used in medical and therapeutic applications.

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Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081097 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Jan Zarzycki ◽

Joseph Szroeder

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Mouse Mammary Gland ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

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Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091512 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

R. J. Narconis ◽

G. L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Natural State ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Additional Dimension ◽

Biliary Calculi ◽

Calculus Formation ◽

Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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