The Role of Oral Administration of Immunoglobulin in Managing Diarrheal Illness in Immunocompromised Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Erin Alexander ◽  
Salim Hommeida ◽  
Michael C. Stephens ◽  
Mhd Louai Manini ◽  
Imad Absah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

scholarly journals A review of the role of Gastrointestinal Multiplex PCR in the management of Diarrheal illness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Readon Teh ◽  
Tee Wei De ◽  
Eunice Tan ◽  
Kristie Fan ◽  
Calvin Jianyi Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Oral Administration of Rauwolfia Serpentina Plant Extract Mitigated Immobilization Stress-Induced Biochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-875
Author(s):  
Erum Shireen Erum Shireen ◽  
Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali ◽  
Maria Masroor Maria Masroor ◽  
Shamim A Qureshi Shamim A Qureshi ◽  
Sehrish Kiran Sehrish Kiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina

Rauwolfia Serpentina is a medicinal herb used for hypertension and psychotic disorders. In this study neuroprotective effects of Rauwolfia serpentina plant extract following the exposure to acute immobilization (2h) stress in rats were investigated. The extract of the plant administered orally at non-sedative dose 30mg/kg before immobilization (2h) to observe stress induced behavioral deficits. Neuroprotective efficacy of extract was assessed in terms of alteration in activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). We also monitored leptin, corticosterone and glucose levels in plasma to obtain an imminent role of Rauwolfia serpentina. Animals were orally administered with Rauwolfia serpentina (30mg/kg) while controls receive saline (1ml/kg). Each group was subdivided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral deficits were monitored in the open field and light dark activity box. Animals were decapitated; plasma samples were collected for CAT, SOD, corticosterone, leptin and glucose estimation. Orally administered Rauwolfia serpentina attenuates stress induced behavioral deficits and rise antioxidant enzymes levels. Plant extract also prevents the stress-induced increase in corticosterone but glucose levels do not manifest any significant change. Immobilization stress (2h) induced decrease of plasma leptin levels were reversed by Rauwolfia serpentina. Therefore, the present study suggests that Rauwolfia serpentina has potentiality to antagonize undesirable effects of immobilization stress (2h) by reducing stress perception and inhibitory effects of stress on the activity of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and animal behaviors. Despite an apparent role of Rauwolfia serpentina the mechanism of action at molecular level causing the acute anxiolytic effects of oral administration of plant extract remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Zinc-induced activation of GPR39 regulates glucose homeostasis through glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion from enteroendocrine K-cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Moran ◽  
Michael G. Miskelly ◽  
Yasser H.A. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Peter R. Flatt ◽  
Aine M. McKillop
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Gip Release

Abstract The role of Zn2+-sensing receptor GPR39 on glucose homeostasis and incretin regulation was assessed in enteroendocrine L- and K-cells. Anti-hyperglycaemic, insulinotropic and incretin secreting properties of Zn2+ were explored in normal, diabetic and incretin receptor knockout mice. Compared to intraperitoneal injection, oral administration of Zn2+ (50 μmol/kg body weight) with glucose (18 mmol/kg) in lean mice reduced the glycaemic excursion by 25–34% (p < 0.05–p < 0.001) and enhanced glucose-induced insulin release by 46–48% (p < 0.05–p < 0.01). In diabetic mice, orally administered Zn2+ lowered glucose by 24–31% (p < 0.01) and augmented insulin release by 32% (p < 0.01). In glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor knockout mice, Zn2+ reduced glucose by 15–28% (p < 0.05–p < 0.01) and increased insulin release by 35–43% (p < 0.01). In contrast Zn2+ had no effect on responses of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor knockout mice. Consistent with this, Zn2+ had no effect on circulating total GLP-1 whereas GIP release was stimulated by 26% (p < 0.05) in lean mice. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated GPR39 expression on mouse enteroendocrine L- and K-cells, GLUTag cells and pGIP/Neo STC-1 cells. Zn2+ had a direct effect on GIP secretion from pGIPneo STC-1 cells, increasing GIP secretion by 1.3-fold. GPR39 is expressed on intestinal L- and K-cells, and stimulated GIP secretion plays an integral role in mediating enhanced insulin secretion and glucose tolerance following oral administration of Zn2+. This suggests development of potent and selective GPR39 agonists as a therapeutic approach for diabetes.

scholarly journals A novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway may be responsible for therapeutic effect of orally administered cordycepin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Bong Lee ◽  
Masar Radhi ◽  
Elena Cipolla ◽  
Raj D. Gandhi ◽  
Sarir Sarmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Properties

Abstract Although adenosine and its analogues have been assessed in the past as potential drug candidates due to the important role of adenosine in physiology, only little is known about their absorption following oral administration. In this work, we have studied the oral absorption and disposition pathways of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue. In vitro biopharmaceutical properties and in vivo oral absorption and disposition of cordycepin were assessed in rats. Despite the fact that numerous studies showed efficacy following oral dosing of cordycepin, we found that intact cordycepin was not absorbed following oral administration to rats. However, 3′-deoxyinosine, a metabolite of cordycepin previously considered to be inactive, was absorbed into the systemic blood circulation. Further investigation was performed to study the conversion of 3′-deoxyinosine to cordycepin 5′-triphosphate in vitro using macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. It demonstrated that cordycepin 5′-triphosphate, the active metabolite of cordycepin, can be formed not only from cordycepin, but also from 3′-deoxyinosine. The novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway proposed in this study could be responsible for therapeutic effects of adenosine and other analogues of adenosine following oral administration. These findings may have importance in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology associated with adenosine, as well as drug discovery and development utilising adenosine analogues.

The effect of several doses of oral tocainide HC1 on tinnitus: a dose-finding study

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (S9) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Jan H. Hulshof ◽  
Pieter Vermey
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Finding Study ◽  
Dose Finding Study ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Different Doses

From all methods of the treatment of tinnitus, medical, masking, surgery, electrical stimulation and psychological, we believe a reliable medical treatment would be preferable because it is easy to apply. An immense variety of drugs have been used for the treatment of tinnitus (Vernon, 1977). The most reliable drugs so far on tinnitus are intravenous procaine and lidocaine (Bárány, 1935; Lewy, 1937; Melding et al., 1978; Martin and Colman, 1980; Israel et al., 1982). The fact that these drugs cannot be given orally because of the poor biological availability after oral administration, is a great disadvantage. In view of the important pharmaco-therapeutic role of lidocaine as an anti-arrhythmic drug, considerable research has been devoted to drugs with comparable anti-arrhythmic properties but permitting oral administration. This work produced tocainide (Smith, 1981), which showed a certain degree of effect on tinnitus as well (Emmett and Shea, 1980; Cathcart, 1982). Before starting a randomized double-blind controlled trial to assess the effect on tinnitus of tocainide, we studied the effect of several doses of tocainide HCl on tinnitus in order to select an appropriate dosage. Nineteen patients with obstructive tinnitus of various aetiologies were admitted to the study. There were 10 women and nine men. Their mean age was 54 years (range 22–67 years). Tocainide was administered in five different doses in a single-blind controlled trial. To be able to judge the effect under steady conditions, each dose was given for four days, as shown in Table I. On the fourth day of each period the patients had to record the degree of impediment caused by the tinitus on a six-point scale (Table II). They were also asked to report all sideeffects.

scholarly journals Curcumin Reduce Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagapuri Kiran Kumar ◽  
Mesram Nageshwar ◽  
Karnati Pratap Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Brain

This study reports the ameliorative role of curcumin against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. The rats were divided into control, NaF (20 mg/kg), NaF+Curcumin (20mg/kg) and Curcumin (20mg/kg) groups respectively and treated at everyday interval for 60 consecutive days. Oxidative stress markers in the brain were measured at 60th day. NaF treatment significantly increased LPO content, but decreased the level of GSH and activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT the brain of rats in comparison to the control rats. Oral administration of curcumin to fluoride exposed rats significantly reversed the content of lipid peroxidation, as well as enhanced the level of GSH and SOD, GPx and CAT activities to normal compared to NaF exposed rats. Thus, curcumin showed the potential to prevent sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in the brain of rats and curcumin may be useful agents against neurodegeneration in the brain.

scholarly journals The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed Bassiouny El-Amawy ◽  
Samir Attia Mohammed Zaahkouk ◽  
Hesham Gamal Abdel Rasheed ◽  
Bassem Elsayed Elaraby Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The study was designed to clarify the hepato-renal protective effects of propolis extract against heavy metals-induced toxicity via oral administration to the males of albino rats. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals have the ability to produce reactive radicals in the biological systems causing public and animals health hazards through disrupting balances between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense system, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The most commonly affected organs are liver and kidney. Propolis is a natural product with different shapes and resinous substance collected by honey bees, it attenuates many diseases damage due to its anti-oxidative action and its potentiality to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals on tissues. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Sb as well as the activities of antioxidants endogenous enzymes including; glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all determined in the tissues of liver and kidney; while aspartate transaminase (ASAT), alanine transaminase (ALAT), total protein (TP), urea and createnine, were measured in the serum of experimental rats beside histopathologicl examination in the tissues of liver and kidney. The oral administration of propolis provided a significantly therapeutic role against multi-metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity with relative improving to histopathological changes because of its scavenging and chelating properties as concluded from the present investigation.

scholarly journals Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Hu ◽  
Ya Zhao ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Wenxiao Gong ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Reduce Weight Loss ◽  
H7n9 Infection

Influenza virus infection can alter the composition of the gut microbiota, while its pathogenicity can, in turn, be highly influenced by the gut microbiota. However, the details underlying these associations remain to be determined. The H7N9 influenza virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which has caused the death of 616 humans and has incurred huge losses in the poultry industry. Here, we investigated the effects of infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 on gut microbiota and determined potential anti-influenza microbes. 16S rRNA sequencing results show that H7N9 infection alters the mouse gut microbiota by promoting the growth of Akkermansia, Ruminococcus 1, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, and reducing the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Lachnoclostridium. Although the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila is positively related to H7N9 infection, the oral administration of cultures, especially of pasteurized A. muciniphila, can significantly reduce weight loss and mortality caused by H7N9 infection in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of live or pasteurized A. muciniphila significantly reduces pulmonary viral titers and the levels IL-1β and IL-6 but enhances the levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in H7N9-infected mice, suggesting that the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila is due to its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Taken together, we showed that the changes in the gut microbiota are associated with H7N9 infection and demonstrated the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila, which enriches current knowledge about how specific gut bacterial strains protect against influenza infection and suggests a potential anti-influenza probiotic.

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