DPP-4i prescribing trends over time in the USA

This chapter evaluates survey measures, primarily from the USA, on science, religion and beliefs about human origins. The bulk of the chapter offers a compilation of measures used in high quality, representative surveys. This scope is limited to the two most central types of items: those measuring beliefs about the relationship between science and religion and those measuring beliefs about evolution and human origins. Measures are analysed for trends over time and disaggregated by key measures of religious identity, practice, and belief. The chapter concludes with several critiques and considerations for improving survey-based analysis of science and belief. These critiques include a call for measures to be more carefully calibrated to how the public reflects on these issues. They also encourage the development of new measures on morality, progress, teleology (for both religion and science). Likewise, they argue that measures of social context (friends, family, congregations), and group identity and dynamics are often missed by conventional measures. Finally, the conclusion calls for careful attention to domains of conflict outside of human origins along with the development of techniques to avoid unintentionally priming conflict between religion and science.

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Tuberculosis in Mexico and the USA, Comparison of Trends Over Time 1990-2010

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases ◽

10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.246 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Hernández-Garduño ◽

Fabiola Mendoza-Damián ◽

Adriana Garduño-Alanís ◽

Salvador Ayón-Garibaldo

Keyword(s):

The Usa ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Over Time

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Supplemental Material for Two-Year Impact of a Universal Social-Emotional Learning Curriculum: Group Differences From Developmentally Sensitive Trends Over Time

Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1037/dev0000621.supp ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Emotional Learning ◽

Emotional Learning ◽

Group Differences ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Over Time

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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INFANTS TO MEASLES PRIOR TO VACCINATION, AND CHANGING TRENDS OVER TIME: TWO COHORT STUDIES FROM CHANDIGARH, INDIA.

10.26226/morressier.58fa1765d462b80290b50e81 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph L Mathew

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Changing Trends ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Over Time

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Geographical variations in sex ratio trends over time in multiple sclerosis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717963423.793465409 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Farrell

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Over Time

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780198748915.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Fröhlich ◽

Abiodun Williams

Keyword(s):

Security Council ◽

International Context ◽

Peace And Security ◽

Executive Action ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

The Way ◽

Guiding Questions

The Conclusion returns to the guiding questions introduced in the Introduction, looking at the way in which the book’s chapters answered them. As such, it identifies recurring themes, experiences, structures, motives, and trends over time. By summarizing the result of the chapters’ research into the interaction between the Secretaries-General and the Security Council, some lessons are identified on the changing calculus of appointments, the conditions and relevance of the international context, the impact of different personalities in that interaction, the changes in agenda and composition of the Council as well as different formats of interaction and different challenges to be met in the realm of peace and security, administration, and reform, as well as concepts and norms. Taken together, they also illustrate the potential and limitations of UN executive action.

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07 Racial and ethnic disparities in complications after apical support and sling procedures- national trends over time: A secondary analysis of the national surgical quality improvement program database

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 224 (6) ◽

pp. S729-S730

Author(s):

N.E. Ringel ◽

O. Brown ◽

K.J. Moore ◽

E. Carey ◽

A. Dieter

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Surgical Quality ◽

Apical Support ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

National Trends ◽

Over Time

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Topological and Morphological Controls on Morphodynamics of Salt Marsh Interiors

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9030311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Ben R. Evans ◽

Iris Möller ◽

Tom Spencer

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

East Coast ◽

Marsh Surface ◽

Coastal Environments ◽

Coastal System ◽

Morphological Segmentation ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

Over Time

Salt marshes are important coastal environments and provide multiple benefits to society. They are considered to be declining in extent globally, including on the UK east coast. The dynamics and characteristics of interior parts of salt marsh systems are spatially variable and can fundamentally affect biotic distributions and the way in which the landscape delivers ecosystem services. It is therefore important to understand, and be able to predict, how these landscape configurations may evolve over time and where the greatest dynamism will occur. This study estimates morphodynamic changes in salt marsh areas for a regional domain over a multi-decadal timescale. We demonstrate at a landscape scale that relationships exist between the topology and morphology of a salt marsh and changes in its condition over time. We present an inherently scalable satellite-derived measure of change in marsh platform integrity that allows the monitoring of changes in marsh condition. We then demonstrate that easily derived geospatial and morphometric parameters can be used to determine the probability of marsh degradation. We draw comparisons with previous work conducted on the east coast of the USA, finding differences in marsh responses according to their position within the wider coastal system between the two regions, but relatively consistent in relation to the within-marsh situation. We describe the sub-pixel-scale marsh morphometry using a morphological segmentation algorithm applied to 25 cm-resolution maps of vegetated marsh surface. We also find strong relationships between morphometric indices and change in marsh platform integrity which allow for the inference of past dynamism but also suggest that current morphology may be predictive of future change. We thus provide insight into the factors governing marsh degradation that will assist the anticipation of adverse changes to the attributes and functions of these critical coastal environments and inform ongoing ecogeomorphic modelling developments.

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Diverging trends in US male-female condom use by STI risk factors: a nationally representative study

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2020-054642 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. sextrans-2020-054642

Author(s):

Casey E Copen ◽

Patricia J Dittus ◽

Jami S Leichliter ◽

Sagar Kumar ◽

Sevgi O Aral

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Condom Use ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Female Condom ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Representative Study ◽

The Usa ◽

Over Time ◽

Sex Partner

ObjectiveCondom use behaviours are proximal to recent STI increases in the USA, yet it remains unclear whether the use of condoms has changed over time among unmarried, non-cohabiting young men who have sex with women (MSW) and how this variability is influenced by STI risk factors.MethodsTo examine condom use over time among MSW aged 15–29, we used three cross-sectional surveys from the 2002, 2006–2010 and 2011–2017 National Survey of Family Growth. We estimated weighted percentages, adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess changes in condom use, stratified by whether MSW reported any STI risk factors in the past 12 months (ie, perceived partner non-monogamy, male-to-male sex, sex in exchange for money or drugs, sex partner who injects illicit drugs, or an HIV-positive sex partner).ResultsWe observed a divergence in trends in condom use at last sex between men aged 15 –29 with STI risk factors in the past 12 months and those without such history. We saw significant declines in condom use from 2002 to 2011–2017 among men with STI risk factors (APR=0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), specifically among those aged 15–19 (APR=0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94) or non-Hispanic white (APR=0.71, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93). In contrast, trends in condom use among men with no STI factors remained stable or increased. Across all time periods, the most prevalent STI risk factor reported was perception of a non-monogamous female partner (23.0%–26.9%). Post-hoc analyses examined whether condom use trends changed once this variable was removed from analyses, but no different patterns were observed.ConclusionsWhile STIs have been increasing, men aged 15–29 with STI risk factors reported a decline in condom use. Rising STI rates may be sensitive to behavioural shifts in condom use among young MSW with STI risk factors.

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