scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Attitudes Towards Working with Autistic People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Corden ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Eilidh Cage
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
Autistic People

AbstractHealthcare professionals play a vital role in identifying and supporting autistic people. This study systematically reviewed empirical research examining healthcare professionals’ knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes towards working with autistic people. Thirty-five studies were included. The included studies sampled a range of countries and professional backgrounds. A modified quality assessment tool found the quality of the included studies was moderately good. Narrative synthesis indicated that healthcare professionals report only moderate levels of autism knowledge and self-efficacy, and often lack training. Variation within and between countries and professional background was not explained by demographic factors. The reviewed evidence suggests health professionals’ limited knowledge and self-efficacy in working with autistic people is a challenge to the provision of healthcare for autistic individuals.

scholarly journals The association between self-efficacy and self-care in essential hypertension: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Clara Jun Hui Tan ◽  
Prawira Oka ◽  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ngiap Chuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Medium Quality

Abstract Background The successful management of hypertension requires sustained engagement in self-care behaviour such as adhering to medication regimens and diet. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory suggests that self-efficacy is a major determinant of engagement in self-care behaviour. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute behaviours necessary to produce specific performance attainments. This systematic review of observational studies aims to summarise and evaluate the quality of evidence available to support the association between self-efficacy and engagement in self-care behaviour in hypertension. Methods Searches were performed of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and OpenSIGLE databases from database inception to January 2020. Reference lists and individual journals were also hand searched. Observational studies in English quantifying self-efficacy and self-care behaviour in hypertensive adults were included. The quality of included articles was assessed with the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational studies. Results The literature search identified 102 studies, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. There were 21 studies which reported that higher self-efficacy was associated with engagement in self-care behaviours including medication adherence (n = 9), physical activity (n = 2) and dietary changes (n = 1). Of these, 12 studies were rated as ‘good’ on the quality assessment tool and 10 were ‘fair’. A common limitation in these studies was a lack of objectivity due to their reliance on self-reporting of engagement in self-care behaviour. Conclusion Our review suggests an association between self-efficacy and self-care. However, the evidence supporting this association is of low to medium quality and is limited by heterogeneity. Our findings suggest the need for further well-designed interventional studies to investigate this association.

scholarly journals Weight Management in Young Adults: Systematic Review of Electronic Health Intervention Components and Outcomes (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Jade Willmott ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele ◽  
Abi Badejo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
What Works ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Young adulthood is a vulnerable period for unhealthy lifestyle adoption and excess weight gain. Scant attention has been focused on developing and evaluating effective weight gain prevention strategies for this age group. Electronic health (eHealth) offers potential as a cost-effective means of delivering convenient, individually-tailored, and contextually-meaningful interventions at scale. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this systematic review was to locate and synthesize the evidence on eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults, with a particular focus on (eHealth) intervention components and outcomes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search strategy was executed across the following electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Emerald, Education Resources Information Center, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Ovid, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Furthermore, 2 reviewers independently assessed records for eligibility: peer-reviewed, published in English, and report evaluations of eHealth weight management interventions targeting healthy young adults (aged 18-35 years). Data were then extracted from studies that met the criteria for inclusion. The methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. A comprehensive narrative evidence synthesis was then completed. RESULTS Out of the 1301 studies assessed for eligibility, 24 met the criteria for inclusion. According to the EPHPP quality assessment tool, overall, 19 studies were as rated weak, 5 as moderate, and none as strong. The narrative synthesis of intervention outcomes found 8 studies reported positive weight-related outcomes, 4 reported mixed outcomes, and 12 did not report any significant changes in weight-related outcomes. The narrative synthesis of (eHealth) intervention components led to 3 levels of classification. A total of 14 studies were classified as Web-based, 3 as mobile-based, and 7 as multicomponent interventions. Following the narrative synthesis, 5 key strategies were thematically identified: self-regulation (goal setting and self-monitoring), tailored or personalized feedback, contact with an interventionist, social support, and behavioral prompts (nudges and reminders) and booster messages. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the limited evidence base for eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults. The complex nature of weight management presents an ongoing challenge for interventionists to identify what works, for whom, how, and when. The quality of the evidence in this review was generally assessed as weak; however, assessment tools such as the EPHPP are principally concerned with what should be and this is seldom equivalent to what works. Thus, while sampling, study design and retention rates will remain key determining factors of reliability and validity, further research attention directed toward the development of guiding tools for community trials is warranted.

scholarly journals Addressing healthcare for migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe: A review of training programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Chiarenza ◽  
Lidia Horvat ◽  
Katja Lanting ◽  
Anna Ciannameo ◽  
Jeanine Suurmond
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
Training Programmes

Background: The global phenomenon of migration has dramatically changed the social context in which healthcare professionals operate. European states are facing a growing need to effectively train healthcare professionals to understand and respond appropriately to the diverse needs of migrants and ethnic minorities. While many European Union (EU) countries have adopted specific initiatives, there is considerable variation in these activities and few examples of evaluation of the quality of these training courses. Aims: This article describes findings from a review conducted as a part of the ‘Training packages for health professionals to improve access and quality of health services for migrants and ethnic minorities, including the Roma (MEM-TP)’ project, which sought to identify and assess training programmes for health professionals delivered in Europe between 2004 and 2013. Methods: The review and analysis of training materials comprised three components: (1) a review of the published and unpublished literature, (2) a survey addressing national contact persons, and representatives of international organisations and non-governmental organisations and (3) an assessment of the quality of the training programmes identified. Results: The review showed that training programmes tend to be characterised by low levels of participant involvement in training development, delivery and evaluation. Training programmes often lacked an explicit pedagogical approach, did not systematically focus on outcomes in training design, implementation and evaluation, and were poorly linked to key organisational and policy support. Finally, while cultural competence continues to be the broad conceptual approach used in training programmes, alternate approaches such as intersectionality, equity and person-centred care are emergent. Conclusion: Training programmes in Europe can be further improved in order to ensure an effective response to the diverse needs of patients, carers, health professionals and the community.

scholarly journals Higher levels of autistic traits associated with lower levels of self-efficacy and wellbeing for performing arts professionals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246423
Author(s):  
Eleanor Buckley ◽  
Elizabeth Pellicano ◽  
Anna Remington
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought for the first time to identify the extent to which autistic people are pursuing careers in the performing arts, and to determine the nature of the relationship between individuals’ autistic traits and their reported wellbeing. To address these aims, we recruited a self-selecting, community-based sample of individuals working in the performing arts and invited them to complete an online survey. A total of 1,427 respondents took part. We collected responses on participants’ backgrounds, including diagnostic history as well as measures assessing their level of autistic traits, perceived occupational self-efficacy, quality of life, and mental health. They were also asked open-ended questions about support needed, received, or desired in their workplace. Eleven of the 1,427 professionals (1%) reported a clinical diagnosis of autism. Correlational analyses demonstrated that higher levels of autistic traits were significantly associated with lower levels of quality of life, lower levels of occupational self-efficacy and greater severity of mental health conditions. Almost half the sample of professionals (N = 621; 44%) reported a desire for more employment-based support, and autistic traits were significantly higher in those participants who wanted greater support. Within the community of those working in the performing arts, there are a minority of individuals who are autistic or who have high levels of autistic traits. We have demonstrated for the first time that these individuals may be especially vulnerable to lower wellbeing.

scholarly journals Assessment the Quality of Genome Assemblies by using QUAST Tool for Metagenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4253-4259
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Assembly Evaluation ◽  
Assembly Algorithms ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Modern Tool ◽  
Assembly Software

Number of assembly algorithms have emerged out but due to constraints of genome sequencing techniques no one is perfect. Various methods for assembler’s comparison have been developed, but none is yet a recognized standard. The problem of evaluating assemblies of formerly unsequenced species has not been considered, because mostly existing methods for comparing assemblies are only applicable to new assemblies of finished genomes. For comparing and evaluating genome assemblies we have used QUAST (Quality Assessment Tool). This tool is used to assess the quality of leading assembly software by evaluating quality metrics. Assemblies with a reference genome, as well as without a reference can be evaluated by QUAST tool. For genome assembly evaluation based on alignment of contigs to a reference, it is a modern tool. In this study we demonstrate QUAST performance by comparing several leading genome assemblers on three metagenomic datasets.

Quality Assessment of Clinical Ethics Consultation. Reflection on the Applicability of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
Stephan Nadolny ◽  
◽  
Andre Nowak ◽  
Nicolas Heirich ◽  
Jan Schildmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Ethics Consultation ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Ethics Consultation ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Essential Components

"Background. Clinical ethics consultation has been implemented in many health care institutions. Different methods exist for their evaluation. In this paper we present findings from an evaluation of 21 documentation conducted 2019-2020 by means of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool (ECQAT). The applicability of the instrument was analyzed based on a) duration of use, b) ease of use, c) comprehensibility of the items. Results. On average, the analysis with the ECQAT takes 11 minutes per protocol. The greatest difficulties in applying the ECQAT arise a) in assessing the counselling-related information and b) in assessing the ethical analysis as well as the recommendations. Here, different demands on the level of detail of the information may lead to different assessments. Furthermore, the transitions of the ethical analysis and the recommendations, which are relevant for the assessment, could not be delimited exactly in parts of the protocols. Discussion. The assessment of documentation represents a limited part of the quality of ethics consultation. In particular, the quality dimensions of the EQAT do not map communicative elements of process quality, which are essential components (if not the core) of ethics consultations. Moreover, the assessment is strongly depending on the format of the protocols, which, depending on the institution, range from a brief overview of the results to a detailed account. Even in light of aforementioned limitations the ECQAT provides an incentive to improve the process quality of (documented) ethics consultation. "

Abstract P155: Phenotyping The Association Between Nocturia And Hypertension: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed N Rahman ◽  
Daniel J Cao ◽  
Thomas F Monaghan ◽  
Viktor X Flores ◽  
Matthew W Moy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The association between nocturia and hypertension has been widely reported, yet remains poorly characterized, precluding a more refined understanding of blood pressure as it relates to the clinical urology setting. We synthesized current evidence on the relationship between nocturia and hypertension as a function of nocturia severity, age, sex, race, and diuretic use. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies published up to May 2020. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to identify the pooled odds ratio (OR) for nocturia given the presence of hypertension. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify differences across demographic factors. We applied the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results: Of 1530 identified studies, 23 met the criteria for inclusion. The overall pooled OR for the association of hypertension with nocturia was 1.26 (95% CI 1.22-1.29, p<0.001). Pooled estimates were 1.21 (1.16-1.25, p<0.001) and 1.31 (1.26-1.36, p<0.001) using a 1- and 2-void cutoff for nocturia, respectively (p<0.001 between cutoffs). The association was stronger in females compared to males (1.41 [1.29-1.53] vs. 1.26 [1.20-1.32], p<0.001), and in African-American (1.56 [1.25-1.94]) and Asian (1.28 [1.24-1.32]) versus Caucasian populations (1.16 [1.09-1.24]) (p<0.05for both). Age and diuretic use had no observable effect on the association between nocturia and hypertension. Conclusions: There exists an increased odds of nocturia in hypertensive individuals. This association is stronger following a higher nocturia cutoff, in females, and in some racial subgroups, but unrelated to age and diuretic utilization.

scholarly journals Do we know how scabies outbreaks in residential and nursing care homes for the elderly should be managed? A systematic review of interventions using a novel approach to assess evidence quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Morrison ◽  
J. Middleton ◽  
S. Lanza ◽  
J. E. Cowen ◽  
K. Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
Optimal Drug

Abstract Currently no national guidelines exist for the management of scabies outbreaks in residential or nursing care homes for the elderly in the United Kingdom. In this setting, diagnosis and treatment of scabies outbreaks is often delayed and optimal drug treatment, environmental control measures and even outcome measures are unclear. We undertook a systematic review to establish the efficacy of outbreak management interventions and determine evidence-based recommendations. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, which were assessed using a quality assessment tool drawing on STROBE guidelines to describe the quality of observational data. Nineteen outbreak reports were identified, describing both drug treatment and environmental management measures. The quality of data was poor; none reported all outcome measures and only four described symptom relief measures. We were unable to make definitive evidence-based recommendations. We draw on the results to propose a framework for data collection in future observational studies of scabies outbreaks. While high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to determine optimal drug treatment, evidence on environmental measures will need augmentation through other literature studies. The quality assessment tool designed is a useful resource for reporting of outcome measures including patient-reported measures in future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Assessing Fetal Movements in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Women’s Views, Perspectives and Experiences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Smith ◽  
Kathryn Muldoon ◽  
Vivienne Brady ◽  
Hannah Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Raising awareness of the importance of fetal movements (FMs) and advising women on the appropriate action to take if they experience reduced FMs, is critical for minimising or avoiding adverse perinatal outcomes. To gain insight and understanding of women’s perspectives of assessing FMs in pregnancy, we conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis. Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis using thematic synthesis was conducted. Studies were eligible if they included pregnant women who were at least 20 weeks gestation and reported qualitative data from women on assessing FMs in pregnancy. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Social Science Citation Index, from inception to July 2020, were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by at least two reviewers using an EPPI-Centre quality assessment tool. Data analysis, using the Thomas and Harden framework, involved line by line coding of extracted data, establishing descriptive themes, and determining analytical themes. Confidence in the findings was assessed using GRADE CER-Qual. Results: Nine studies, involving 2193 women, were included in the review. The methodological quality of the studies was overall generally high. The synthesis revealed three dominant themes, and seven sub-themes that reflected women’s perspectives of assessing FMs in pregnancy. These were; 1) How women engage with FMs, with subthemes of informal engagement, formal engagement, and strategies to stimulate FMs; 2) ‘…like a feather inside my belly’ - articulating and describing FMs, with sub-themes of sensations associated with FMs and timing and frequency of FMs; and 3) FMs and help/health seeking, with sub-themes of information sources and interacting with healthcare professionals. Confidence in the findings was either high or moderate, although two findings were rated low confidence and one very low.Conclusion: This qualitative evidence synthesis reveals that women informally engage with FMs during pregnancy. Women commonly adopt strategies to stimulate FMs when concerned. The use of the internet was a common source of obtaining information regarding FMS. Women require better support when contacting healthcare professionals about FMs. As only three of the nine included studies were exclusively qualitative in design, further qualitative studies exploring women’s perspective of assessing FMs in pregnancy are required.

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