scholarly journals Acoustic Effect of Face Mask Design and Material Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Balamurali ◽  
Tan Enyi ◽  
Christopher Johann Clarke ◽  
Sim Yuh Harn ◽  
Jer-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Acoustic Effect ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Material Choice

FACTORS INFLUENCING FACE MASK SELECTION AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: RESULTS FROM PILOT STUDY AMONGST MALAYSIAN UMRAH PILGRIMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Asyraf Azman ◽  
Shahrul Anuwar Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Imran Abdullah ◽  
Irfan Mohamad ◽  
Javeed Shaikh Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention Methods

Hajj is the largest annual gathering of Muslims during which time over two million people from different parts of the world are gathered within a small area, leading to very high risks of acute respiratory infections (ARI) for the pilgrims. Therefore, preventive measures and controls should be implemented, including the implementation of non-pharmaceutical prevention methods such as the use of appropriate face masks, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, social distancing, and quarantine. A pilot study was conducted in 2013 to identify the types of face masks used by Malaysian Umrah pilgrims as well as to identify the problems pertaining to the face masks being used and to understand the factors influencing the selection of face masks by Malaysian pilgrims. Observations and survey methods were used in the pilot study. Data was collected from thirty respondents through a survey. This paper presents the results of the pilot study. Based on the knowledge of factors influencing face mask usage and selection from the pilot study, new face mask design(s) will be proposed for the Malaysian pilgrims. It is anticipated that the use of new face mask design(s) can reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections in Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.  

scholarly journals Effect of Face Mask Design and Bias Flow on Rebreathing During Noninvasive Ventilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
Davide Signori ◽  
Giacomo Bellani ◽  
Serena Calcinati ◽  
Alice Grassi ◽  
Nicolò Patroniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noninvasive Ventilation ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Bias Flow

scholarly journals A novel reusable anti-COVID-19 transparent face respirator with optimized airflow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Alenezi ◽  
Muhammet Emin Cam ◽  
Mohan Edirisinghe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Particle Inhalation ◽  
Lip Reading

Abstract This novel face mask is designed to be a reusable respirator with a small and highly efficient disposable fabric filter. Respirator material requirements are reduced by 75% compared to traditional designs and allow repeated cleaning or sterilization. The probability of virus particle inhalation is reduced using novel air filtration pathways, through square-waveform design to increase filter airflow. Air enters the mask from right and left side filters, while the area in front of the mouth is isolated. Clear epoxy is used for a transparent frame, allowing lip-reading, and mask edges contain a silicone seal preventing bypass of the filters. The mask is manufactured using silicone molds, eliminating electricity requirements making it economical and viable in developing countries. Computational fluid dynamics numerical studies and Fluent ANSYS software were used to simulate airflow through the filter to optimize filter air path geometry and validate mask design with realistic human requirements. The breathing cycle was represented as a transient function, and N95 filter specifications were selected as a porous medium. The novel design achieved 1.2 × 10−3 kg s−1, 20% higher than human requirements, with air streamlines velocity indicating local high speed, forcing and trapping virus particles against filter walls through centrifugal forces.

scholarly journals One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252143
Author(s):  
Tomas Solano ◽  
Rajat Mittal ◽  
Kourosh Shoele
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Virtual Population ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gap Opening ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Face ◽  
Static Mechanical

The use of face masks by the general population during viral outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, although at times controversial, has been effective in slowing down the spread of the virus. The extent to which face masks mitigate the transmission is highly dependent on how well the mask fits each individual. The fit of simple cloth masks on the face, as well as the resulting perimeter leakage and face mask efficacy, are expected to be highly dependent on the type of mask and facial topology. However, this effect has, to date, not been adequately examined and quantified. Here, we propose a framework to study the efficacy of different mask designs based on a quasi-static mechanical model of the deployment of face masks onto a wide range of faces. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed framework, we explore a simple rectangular cloth mask on a large virtual population of subjects generated from a 3D morphable face model. The effect of weight, age, gender, and height on the mask fit is studied. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended homemade cloth mask design was used as a basis for comparison and was found not to be the most effective design for all subjects. We highlight the importance of designing masks accounting for the widely varying population of faces. Metrics based on aerodynamic principles were used to determine that thin, feminine, and young faces were shown to benefit from mask sizes smaller than that recommended by the CDC. Besides mask size, side-edge tuck-in, or pleating, of the masks as a design parameter was also studied and found to have the potential to cause a larger localized gap opening.

Problems related to mask use in hay fever sufferers by repeated surveys

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Morishima ◽  
Tamaki Mitsuno ◽  
Koya Kishida
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Hay Fever ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Breathing Difficulty ◽  
Mask Design

Purpose Many Japanese hay fever (HF) sufferers wear a hygienic face mask to prevent pollen inhalation, but most find it very uncomfortable. The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems associated with mask wearing through repeated surveys. This information can be used in the improved design of a hygienic face mask that can be worn without discomfort by HF sufferers. Design/methodology/approach In 2009 (n=1,519), 2012 (n=2,994), and 2015 (n=3,213), repeated surveys of university students were conducted. HF sufferers were queried regarding symptoms, countermeasures, and problems associated with wearing a hygienic face mask. Holistic perspectives for each year were obtained by a co-occurrence analysis of the aggregated data. The triplet co-occurrence of specific problems was compared among the surveys using the χ2 test. Temporary and contemporary co-occurrence relationships were also determined. Findings Most Japanese university students with HF wore a hygienic face mask. In each survey, the most common problems associated with mask use were related to its thermal, hygroscopic, and air-flow properties. Contemporary problems with co-occurrence relationships were “humidity,” “breathing difficulty,” and “mist over eyeglasses” for males and, “humidity,” “breathing difficulty,” and “make-up coming off” for females. Originality/value The results of this study will contribute to improving hygienic face mask design. The co-occurrence of contemporary problems related to mask use was identified by comparing the results obtained in each year. The thermal, hygroscopic, and air flow properties of the mask cause these problems, and the air gap between the mask and the wearer’s face influences the inherent physical properties of the mask. To measure the air gap, a suitable hydrostatic pressure-balanced experimental method was applied, and the data were demonstrated experimentally.

Visual Fields of the Scuba Diver

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon Weltman ◽  
Raymond A. Christianson ◽  
Glen H. Egstrom
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Scuba Diver ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Full Face

The restricted visual fields available to SCUBA divers were examined by means of an under-water perimetry apparatus. Measurements were obtained for three standard partial masks (covering only the eyes and nose), one atypical “wrap-round” partial mask, and one full-face mask. Data are presented along with some consideration of the interactions between mask design and visual field, and a brief resumé of procedural variables affecting human factors experimentation underwater.

Influence of face mask design on bag-valve-mask ventilation performance: a randomized simulation study

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. NA ◽  
S. K. HAN ◽  
P. C. CHOI ◽  
J. H. CHO ◽  
D. H. SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mask Ventilation ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Ventilation Performance

scholarly journals Masked Emotions: Do Face Mask Patterns and Colors Affect the Recognition of Emotions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Blazhenkova ◽  
Kivilcim Dogerlioglu-Demir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Mask Design

Previous research has shown that face masks restrain the ability to perceive social information and readability of emotions. These studies mostly explored the effect of standard medical, often white masks on emotion recognition. However, in reality, many individuals prefer masks with different styles. We investigated whether the appearance of the mask (pattern-angular vs. curvy and color-black vs. white) affected the recognition of emotional states. Participants were asked to identify the emotions on faces covered by masks with different designs. The presence of masks impeded emotional recognition, dropping the accuracy and confidence and increasing reaction times. There were no main effects of angularity vs. curvature or color on emotion recognition, which suggests that mask design may not impair the recognition beyond the effect of mere mask wearing. Besides, we found relationships between individual difference variables such as mask wearing attitudes, mask design preferences, individual traits and emotional recognition. The majority of participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards mask wearing and preferred non-patterned black and white masks. Preferences for white masks were associated with better emotional recognition of masked faces. In contrast, those with negative attitudes towards masks showed lower performance in emotional recognition for masked faces, preferring patterned more than plain masks, perhaps viewing masks as a fashion item rather than a necessity. Moreover, preferences to wear patterned masks were negatively related to actual wearing masks indoors and perceived risks of COVID.

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