scholarly journals A novel reusable anti-COVID-19 transparent face respirator with optimized airflow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Alenezi ◽  
Muhammet Emin Cam ◽  
Mohan Edirisinghe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Particle Inhalation ◽  
Lip Reading

Abstract This novel face mask is designed to be a reusable respirator with a small and highly efficient disposable fabric filter. Respirator material requirements are reduced by 75% compared to traditional designs and allow repeated cleaning or sterilization. The probability of virus particle inhalation is reduced using novel air filtration pathways, through square-waveform design to increase filter airflow. Air enters the mask from right and left side filters, while the area in front of the mouth is isolated. Clear epoxy is used for a transparent frame, allowing lip-reading, and mask edges contain a silicone seal preventing bypass of the filters. The mask is manufactured using silicone molds, eliminating electricity requirements making it economical and viable in developing countries. Computational fluid dynamics numerical studies and Fluent ANSYS software were used to simulate airflow through the filter to optimize filter air path geometry and validate mask design with realistic human requirements. The breathing cycle was represented as a transient function, and N95 filter specifications were selected as a porous medium. The novel design achieved 1.2 × 10−3 kg s−1, 20% higher than human requirements, with air streamlines velocity indicating local high speed, forcing and trapping virus particles against filter walls through centrifugal forces.

scholarly journals Review of materials and testing methods for virus filtering performance of face mask and respirator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e17
Author(s):  
Bhanu Bhakta Neupane ◽  
Basant Giri
Keyword(s):  
Filter Material ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Improved Design

Respiratory protection devices such as face masks and respirators minimize the transmission of infectious diseases by providing a physical barrier to respiratory virus particles. The level of protection from a face mask and respirator depends on the nature of filter material, the size of infectious particle, breathing and environmental conditions, facial seal, and user compliance. The ongoing COVID‒19 pandemic has resulted in the global shortage of surgical face mask and respirator. In such a situation, significant global populations have either reused the single‒use face mask and respirator or used a substandard face mask fabricated from locally available materials. At the same time, researchers are actively exploring filter materials having novel functionalities such as antimicrobial, enhanced charge holding, and heat regulating properties to design potentially better face mask. In this work, we reviewed research papers and guidelines published primarily in last decade focusing on, (a) virus filtering efficiency, (b) impact of type of filter material on filtering efficiency, (c) emerging technologies in mask design, and (d) decontamination approaches. Finally, we provide future prospective on the need of novel filter materials and improved design.

scholarly journals Acoustic Effect of Face Mask Design and Material Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Balamurali ◽  
Tan Enyi ◽  
Christopher Johann Clarke ◽  
Sim Yuh Harn ◽  
Jer-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Acoustic Effect ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
Material Choice

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Response Simulation in a Large City: Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Reopening Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110030
Author(s):  
Serin Lee ◽  
Zelda B. Zabinsky ◽  
Judith N. Wasserheit ◽  
Stephen M. Kofsky ◽  
Shan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Variable Compliance ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

As the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to expand, policymakers are striving to balance the combinations of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to keep people safe and minimize social disruptions. We developed and calibrated an agent-based simulation to model COVID-19 outbreaks in the greater Seattle area. The model simulated NPIs, including social distancing, face mask use, school closure, testing, and contact tracing with variable compliance and effectiveness to identify optimal NPI combinations that can control the spread of the virus in a large urban area. Results highlight the importance of at least 75% face mask use to relax social distancing and school closure measures while keeping infections low. It is important to relax NPIs cautiously during vaccine rollout in 2021.

The Application of Mechanism Theory to a Textile Machinery Innovation

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Wray
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
New Type ◽  
Machinery Manufacturing

The design of mechanisms for use in practical machinery applications is often of a trial-and-error nature based on traditional practice. Much emphasis has been given to the theory of mechanisms in recent years but this has yet to find wide practical application. This paper is a case study of how a basic idea, conceived by University-based inventors and intended to improve a slow method of making a textile pile fabric, became a reality in the form of a completely new type of high-speed textile machine for making an improved textile product, all within a time scale of four years. It also shows how recent University researches are further advancing its potential from both the machinery manufacturing and textile technology aspects. Step-by-step from the early experimental stages, it illustrates how the challenges of developing the novel mechanisms required for this unconventional machine and process were met by combining practical experience of traditional machinery design with theoretical investigations based on the new techniques of mechanism analysis and synthesis.

Strain-induced circular photogalvanic current in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 film epitaxied on GaAs (111)B substrate

Nanoscale ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoming Liang ◽  
Guihao Zhai ◽  
Jialin Ma ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Jianhua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Photogalvanic Effect ◽  
Dirac Semimetal ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

The Dirac semimetal (DSM) Cd3As2 has drawn great attention for exploring the novel quantum phenomena and high-speed optoelectronic applications. The circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) current, resulting from the optically-excited spin...

Mouth Shape Detection Based on Template Matching and Optical Flow for Machine Lip Reading

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Toyoshiro Nakashima ◽  
Naohiro Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Sequences ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lip Reading

The authors describe an improved method for detecting distinctive mouth shapes in Japanese utterance image sequences. Their previous method uses template matching. Two types of mouth shapes are formed when a Japanese phone is pronounced: one at the beginning of the utterance (the beginning mouth shape, BeMS) and the other at the end (the ending mouth shape, EMS). The authors’ previous method could detect mouth shapes, but it misdetected some shapes because the time period in which the BeMS was formed was short. Therefore, they predicted that a high-speed camera would be able to capture the BeMS with higher accuracy. Experiments showed that the BeMS could be captured; however, the authors faced another problem. Deformed mouth shapes that appeared in the transition from one shape to another were detected as the BeMS. This study describes the use of optical flow to prevent the detection of such mouth shapes. The time period in which the mouth shape is deformed is detected using optical flow, and the mouth shape during this time is ignored. The authors propose an improved method of detecting the BeMS and EMS in Japanese utterance image sequences by using template matching and optical flow.

scholarly journals Design and Commissioning of a Combustor Simulator Combining Swirl and Entropy Wave Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Andrea Notaristefano ◽  
Paolo Gaetani
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Large Heat ◽  
Turbine Design

Modern aero-engine combustion chambers burn a lean and premixed mixture, generating a turbulent flame which involves large heat-release fluctuations, thus producing unsteady temperature phenomena commonly referred to as entropy waves (EWs). Furthermore, to enhance the fuel air mixing, combustion air is swirled, leading to vorticity disturbances. These instabilities represent one of the biggest challenges in gas turbine design. In this paper, the design and testing of a novel entropy wave generator (EWG) equipped with a swirler generator (SG) are described. The novel EWG will be used in future works on the high-speed test rig at Politecnico di Milano to study the combustor–turbine interaction. The paper shows the process of the EWG geometry and layout. The EWG is able to produce an engine-representative EW, the extreme condition is at the maximum frequency of 110 Hz, a peak-to-valley temperature value of 20 °C and swirling angles of ±25° are measured. By virtue of these results, the proposed system outperforms other EWG devices documented in the literature. Furthermore, the addition of a swirling generator makes this device one of a kind.

FACTORS INFLUENCING FACE MASK SELECTION AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: RESULTS FROM PILOT STUDY AMONGST MALAYSIAN UMRAH PILGRIMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Asyraf Azman ◽  
Shahrul Anuwar Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Imran Abdullah ◽  
Irfan Mohamad ◽  
Javeed Shaikh Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention Methods

Hajj is the largest annual gathering of Muslims during which time over two million people from different parts of the world are gathered within a small area, leading to very high risks of acute respiratory infections (ARI) for the pilgrims. Therefore, preventive measures and controls should be implemented, including the implementation of non-pharmaceutical prevention methods such as the use of appropriate face masks, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, social distancing, and quarantine. A pilot study was conducted in 2013 to identify the types of face masks used by Malaysian Umrah pilgrims as well as to identify the problems pertaining to the face masks being used and to understand the factors influencing the selection of face masks by Malaysian pilgrims. Observations and survey methods were used in the pilot study. Data was collected from thirty respondents through a survey. This paper presents the results of the pilot study. Based on the knowledge of factors influencing face mask usage and selection from the pilot study, new face mask design(s) will be proposed for the Malaysian pilgrims. It is anticipated that the use of new face mask design(s) can reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections in Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.  

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