Broad-sense heritability and variance component estimates for Pratylenchus brachyurus resistance in Brazilian soybean genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa C. Z. Machado ◽  
Jerônimo V. Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Variance Component Estimates

scholarly journals Environmental Variance and Broad-sense Heritability of Nut Traits in Japanese Chestnut Breeding

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogo Nishio ◽  
Masahiko Yamada ◽  
Norio Takada ◽  
Hidenori Kato ◽  
Noriyuki Onoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Initial Selection

We evaluated the nut harvesting date (NHD), nut weight (NW), pericarp splitting (PS), and infestation by insects (II) in eight cultivars/selections of Japanese chestnut, including a Japanese–Chinese hybrid, over 6 years. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (without transformation for NHD, after log-transformation for NW and PS, and after square root transformation for II). The among-tree variance accounted for only 1.1% to 8.5% of the total variance. The variance component resulting from residual factors for the tree × year interaction and sampling errors was the largest component for NW, PS, and II, accounting for 46% to 54% of the total environmental variance. Because tree replication is costly and time-consuming in chestnut breeding, increasing the number of yearly repetitions is more efficient than increasing the number of tree replicates. Broad-sense heritability was 0.84 for NHD, 0.27 for NW, 0.48 for PS, and 0.17 for II in evaluations with one tree without yearly repetition. It increased to 0.91 for NHD, 0.40 for NW, 0.62 for PS, and 0.29 for II in evaluations with one tree in 2 years. For NHD, the heritabilities are sufficiently high to distinguish genetic differences among cultivars/selection. In contrast, the low heritability of II suggests that this trait should not be evaluated with an emphasis on the initial selection stage but rather with an emphasis on the secondary selection stage based on testing at several locations with a large number of yearly and tree replications.

Quantifying idiosyncratic and shared contributions to stimulus evaluations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Eduardo Martinez ◽  
Friederike Funk ◽  
Alexander Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation ◽  
Crossed Random Effects ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Variance Component Estimates

A fundamental psychological problem is identifying the idiosyncratic and shared contributions to stimulus evaluation. However, there is no established method for estimating these contributions and the existing methods have led to divergent estimates. Moreover, in many studies participants rate the stimuli only once, although at least two measurements are required to estimate idiosyncratic contributions. Here, participants rated faces or novel objects on four dimensions (beautiful, approachable, likeable, dangerous) for a total of ten blocks to better estimate the preferences of individual raters. First, we show that both intra-rater and inter-rater agreement – measures related to idiosyncratic and shared contributions, respectively – increase with repeated measures. Second, to find best practices, we compared estimates from correlation indices and variance component approaches on stimulus-generality, evaluation-generality, data preprocessing steps, and sensitivity to measurement error (a largely ignored issue). The correlation indices changed monotonically and nonlinearly with more repeated measures. Variance component analyses showed large variability in estimates from only two repeated measures, but stabilized with more measures. While there was general agreement among approaches, the correlation approach was problematic for certain stimulus types and evaluation dimensions. Our results suggest that variance component estimates are more reliable as long as one collects more than two repeated measures, which is not the current norm in psychological research, and can be implemented using mixed models with crossed random effects. Recommendations for analysis and interpretations are provided.

High Heritability of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glabridin, Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin in Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) Populations of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Eghlima ◽  
Mohsen Sanikhani ◽  
Azizollah Kheiry ◽  
Javad Hadian
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is an herbaceous, perennial plant with high distribution in Iran. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation among characters in 22 populations of G. glabra L. were studied. The genetic parameters among the traits including phenotypic variances, genotypic variances, genotype by environment variances, broad-sense heritability and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were studied. Variance components analysis showed that the extent of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was fairly higher for all the examined traits compared with genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Glabridin (GLA) exhibited high GCV and PCV (156.07% and 156.68%, respectively). The broad sense heritability varied from 38.92–99.79% and narrow sense heritability ranged from 9.70 % to 24.94%. Heritability of GLA, glycyrrhizic acid (GLY), liquiritin (LI), liquiritigenin (LIQ), rutin (RU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were very high, exhibiting more than 97% heritability. Therefore, these critical characteristics can efficiently be selected and inherited in breeding programs. In most traits, the genotypic correlations showed the same direction as the phenotypic correlations. The contents of GLA and LIQ showed a positive correlation with majority of morphological traits. Therefore, selecting individual plants having desired morphological traits can be correlated with high contents of bioactive compounds in the harvested root.

scholarly journals Variance component estimates for alternative litter size traits in swine

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 5153-5163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Putz ◽  
F. Tiezzi ◽  
C. Maltecca ◽  
K. A. Gray ◽  
M. T. Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Variance Component Estimates

scholarly journals Genetic variation and correlation of agronomic traits in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) clones

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. As relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate total genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Forty-four meadow bromegrass clones were evaluated for agronomic characters. Genetic variation for dry matter yield, seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, was significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates exceeded 50% for all characters. Heritability estimates were at least 3.5 times greater than their standard errors. Phenotypic and genetic correlation between all possible characters were measured. There was general agreement in both sign and magnitude between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations between the different characters demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Based on the results, it appears that the development of higher yielding cultivars with higher crude protein, and lower acid and neutral detergent fibers concentration should be possible.

Clonal testing efficiency: the trade-offs between clones tested and ramets per clone

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Russell ◽  
W. J. Libby
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Clonal Testing

Three contrasting simulation models were developed to investigate testing efficiencies in a clonal selection program. The variables investigated were number of total plants tested, number of candidate clones tested, number of ramets per clone, number of clones selected, selection intensity, and broad-sense heritability. The model deemed appropriate to most clonal forestry situations selected a fixed number of clones in an experiment with the total number of plants in the test held constant. In this model, as the number of ramets per clone was varied, the number of candidate clones tested and the selection intensity necessarily also varied. This model indicates that cloning individuals for testing is useful when selection is based on a characteristic or index with broad-sense heritability less than about 0.6. At the lower heritabilities, two to six ramets per clone per site usually produces the optimum level of cloning, the exact number depending upon the selection intensity and heritability. Predictions generated by this fixed number of selected clones model were compared with average phenotypic values of selections using different subsamples of data for 8-year height and for 8-year diameter in a radiata pine (Pinusradiata D. Don) clonal experiment. Agreement between predictions and average phenotypic values in both these two comparisons was close.

Heritability and C effects in a 3-year-old balsam poplar clonal test

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Farmer Jr. ◽  
Karen Garlick ◽  
Steven R. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Height Variation ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Clonal Test

A 20-clone population of Populusbalsamifera L. was grown for 3 years in a field test which allowed evaluation of variance due to clones and to primary ramets within clones, the source of cuttings. Primary ramets did not influence rate of summer shoot elongation, which had a broad-sense heritability of 0.24 and 0.16 in the 2nd and 3rd years, respectively. By the end of the 2nd year, height variation associated with primary ramets (i.e., C effects) was nonsignificant, and broad-sense heritability for height was about 0.50.

scholarly journals Genetic resistance of Eucalyptus globulus to autumn gum moth defoliation and the role of cuticular waxes

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1961-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
T H Jones ◽  
B M Potts ◽  
R E Vaillancourt ◽  
N W Davies
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Cuticular Waxes

This study investigated the association between resistance of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. to autumn gum moth (Mnesempala privata Guenée) defoliation and cuticular wax compounds. In a field trial consisting of clonally replicated F2 families of E. globulus, situated in Tasmania, Australia, significant genetic variation in resistance was detected in two of three F2 families. The broad-sense heritability for defoliation within families ranged from 0.24 to 0.33. The 15 most resistant and the 15 most susceptible genotypes within each variable family were compared for their relative levels of 26 cuticular wax compounds. While no significant correlation between resistance and total wax yield estimates was found, significant differences were detected between resistant and susceptible classes in the relative quantities of several aliphatic phenylethyl and benzyl wax esters within both families. This association does not appear to be a response induced by defoliation. The broad-sense heritabilities of the variation in these compounds were high (0.82–0.94). Our findings suggest that these wax compounds are a mechanism of genetic resistance to autumn gum moth in E. globulus.

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