scholarly journals It’s a matter of confidence. Institutions, government stability and economic outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bettarelli ◽  
Michela Cella ◽  
Giovanna Iannantuoni ◽  
Elena Manzoni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Government Stability ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the effect of constitutional structures over policy outcomes. In particular, we exploit the heterogeneity in parliamentary systems deriving from the presence and the use of the confidence vote to investigate whether stable and unstable parliamentary systems behave differently in terms of the policies they implement. This finer partition of parliamentary systems allows us to identify effects that are more robust than the ones previously discussed in the literature. We show that the difference between presidential and parliamentary systems documented in previous works is driven by a difference between presidential and stable parliamentary systems. We suggest that possible transmission channels are legislative cohesion and (the absence of) selection.

Comparison of Inpatient Standard-of-Care to Outpatient Oritavancin Therapy for Patients With Acute Uncomplicated Cellulitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110212
Author(s):  
Brandy Williams ◽  
Justin Muklewicz ◽  
Taylor D. Steuber ◽  
April Williams ◽  
Jonathan Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Difference

Background: Shifting inpatient antibiotic treatment to outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy may minimize treatment for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, including cellulitis. The purpose of this evaluation was to compare 30-day hospital readmission or admission due to cellulitis and economic outcomes of inpatient standard-of-care (SoC) management of acute uncomplicated cellulitis to outpatient oritavancin therapy. Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted at a 941-bed community teaching hospital. Adult patients 18 years and older treated for acute uncomplicated cellulitis between February 2015 to December 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Information was obtained from hospital and billing department records. Patients were assigned to either inpatient SoC or outpatient oritavancin cohorts for comparison. Results: 1,549 patients were included in the study (1,348 in the inpatient SoC cohort and 201 in the outpatient oritavancin cohort). The average length of stay for patients admitted was 3.6 ± 1.5 days. The primary outcome of 30-day hospital readmission or admission due to cellulitis occurred in 49/1348 (3.6%) patients in the inpatient SoC cohort versus 1/201 (0.5%) in the outpatient oritavancin cohort (p = 0.02). The difference between costs and reimbursement was improved in the outpatient oritavancin group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Outpatient oritavancin for acute uncomplicated cellulitis was associated with reduction in 30-day hospital readmissions or admissions compared to inpatient SoC. Beneficial economic outcomes for the outpatient oritavancin cohort were observed. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Electoral rules, forms of government, and political budget cycles in transition countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Klasnja
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Political Budget Cycles ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Presidential Systems

Recent studies have suggested the existence of 'election-year economics' in fiscal policy in transition countries. This study asks whether such electoral cycles in aggregate measures (overall expenditures, revenues and balance) and spending composition (broad vs. targeted outlays) differ among countries with different political systems. This question is motivated by a sharp division between majoritarian presidential systems in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, and proportional-parliamentary systems in the Baltic's, Central and Southeastern Europe. Further, in the absence of context-sensitive theories, the paper asks whether observed outcomes in the transition process conform to the theoretical priors developed for conditions in stable democracies. Finally, the paper attempts to normatively establish whether either of the alternative combinations yields more optimal policy outcomes. The results suggest that the differences indeed exist, primarily on the revenue side and in the composition of expenditures. These results differ markedly from those for stable democracies, especially in the case of composition of spending. Normatively, presidential yields sub optimal outcomes in comparison to parliamentarians, likely due to inefficient system of constitutionally intended checks and balances. .

Institutional Fragmentation and Scandinavian Childcare Variations

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIETMAR RAUCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Veto Points ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

Institutional fragmentation is usually assumed to influence social policy outcomes in countries with constitutional features such as federalism and divided government, but not in unitary and parliamentary states. The example of childcare politics in the Scandinavian countries suggests that institutional fragmentation and veto points also can play a significant role in unitary and parliamentary systems. The rules of childcare implementation in the Scandinavian countries to a varying degree provide municipalities and NGOs with veto opportunities and veto incentives against the realization of the central government's ambition of universal childcare coverage. In Norway but not in Sweden and Denmark municipalities and NGOs have been provided with significant veto opportunities as well as considerable incentives to act. This might help to understand why Norwegian childcare development has lagged behind its Scandinavian neighbours.

Forms of property rights or class capacities: The example of Tuscan sharecropping

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jean Emigh
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
The Difference

This paper criticizes the economic perspective that property rights determine economic outcomes, by examining sharecropping, because this form of property right can be associated with remarkably different economic outcomes. In particular, drawing on evidence from fifteenth-century Tuscany, it is argued that landlords' and tenants' class capacities explain sharecropping's variability. The results show that Tuscan sharecropping was efficient and contractual, because the difference in landlords' and tenants' class capacity was relatively small.

Rethinking “Economic Fundamentals” in an Era of Global Physical Shocks: Insights from the Philippine Experience with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Toby Melissa C. Monsod ◽  
Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Resilience

Having “strong macroeconomic fundamentals”, as the Philippines supposedly did pre-COVID-19, matters much less (if at all), in and of itself, to economic outcomes in the context of a physical shock. Using a model for 21 countries in ASEAN + 3, developing East Asia and South Asia as well as Australia and New Zealand to explain the difference in actual 2019 and forecasted 2020 GDP growth, we find that, ceteris paribus, stronger national capacities to detect and respond to emerging outbreaks, in particular, laboratory capacity, are associated with better short term economic outcomes. For the Philippines, up to 3.6 percentage points in lost GDP growth forecasted in 2020 could have been saved. Our results suggest that a dearth in health system capacity should be prioritized over and above any other type of spending, including traditional stimulus (e.g. large-scale infrastructure) spending. Our results also underscore the need to rethink what is necessary for the stability and resilience of an economy – what are the “economic fundamentals” - in an era of global physical shocks, including those brought about by climate hazards. Given physical shocks, efficient and prepared government institutions matter. A macro economy is not resilient if these are not.

scholarly journals MEKANISME IMPEACHMENT DI NEGARA DENGAN SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL: STUDI PERBANDINGAN MEKANISME IMPEACHMENT DI INDONESIA DAN KOREA SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ryan Muthiara Wastia
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Presidential Systems

In the development of the government sistem, there are semi-presidential systems which are different from presidential and parliamentary systems. The difference is in the case of the presence of the President and Prime Minister as a parliamentary sistem but the mechanism for dismissing the President resembles the impeachment in the presidential systems. This research was conducted to see how the impeachment mechanism compares in countries with presidential sistems, especially Indonesia and in countries with a semi-presidential sistem, namely South Korea. The author finds that there are differences between the impeachment mechanisms in Indonesia and South Korea in the process and reasons for the termination of the President. This can be an input for the mechanism in Indonesia to focus more on legal mechanisms without a political mechanism in the MPR. 

scholarly journals Running up or down: why is there a difference in spending?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinette Kruger ◽  
Melville Saayman
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

This study investigated the determinants of participant spending at the Comrades Marathon ‘up’ run (Durban to Pietermaritzburg) and ‘down’ run (Pietermaritzburg to Durban). A participant survey conducted at the race in 2011 and 2012, using regression analyses, found that more behavioural than socio-demographic determinants had a significant influence on spending at both races. The two groups of participants had very similar profiles, but their spending at the event differed significantly in the way it was distributed between the ‘up’ and ‘down’ runs, and the spending was higher at the former. The reasons for the difference are currently unknown, but the implication is that the ‘up’ and the ‘down’ runs may have different economic outcomes. Although this cannot be confirmed on the basis of surveys of just two years’ Comrades runs, the findings could offer strategic insights for marketing the event and enhancing its economic impact and competitive advantage.

scholarly journals It's a Matter of Confidence: Institutions, Government Stability and Economic Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bettarelli ◽  
Michela Cella ◽  
Giovanna Iannantuoni ◽  
Elena Manzoni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Government Stability

scholarly journals Design and Creation of Multi-Source Enduring Linked Assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ougrinovsk
Keyword(s):  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Personal Project ◽  
Probabilistic Linkage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unique Individual

IntroductionThe Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is collaborating with a range of government and other institutions to build enduring data assets for improving analysis and informed policy outcomes. There were lessons learnt that can be shared, in addition to the architecture and linkage techniques. The enduring assets were created by linking States’ and Territories’ health or welfare data to Commonwealth datasets such as Medicare Consumer Directory (MCD), Residential Aged Care (RAC) and National Death Index (NDI) data. The linkage was carried out by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) Data Integration Services Centre (DISC). Objectives and ApproachTo create the integrated asset, the linkage spine was assembled by de-duplicating and linking MCD and NDI data. The states’ datasets and other commonwealth datasets involved in the project were linked to this spine. Each unique individual in the spine was assigned Personal Project Number (PPN) which was added to each record linked to the individual. The unlinked individuals from these datasets were de-duplicated and assigned different PPNs. Names, dates of birth and addresses were used in probabilistic linkage process. To enable investigators to interrogate the sequences of the events without releasing the exact dates, the central events file was created. It contains date differences for every event in the asset, calculated as the difference (in days) between event and not released “date zero”, different for each individual. ResultsBetween 96% and 99% of records in the supplied datasets were linked to the spine with linkage accuracy at least 98.5%. The linkage rates depends on the data completeness and the nature of the datasets as not all individuals accessing states’ servicers are eligible for Medicare. Conclusion / ImplicationsThe person-focused de-identified analytical assets allow to study journeys of the individual through Australian health and welfare systems which transcends jurisdictional boundaries.

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