scholarly journals The Impact of Risk Factors on Treatment Outcomes of Nosocomial Pneumonia Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Vo-Pham-Minh ◽  
Van Duong-Thi-Thanh ◽  
Thang Nguyen ◽  
Quyen Phan-Tran-Xuan ◽  
Hoang Phan-Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Infection with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit: risk factors and outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Elias Hallack Atta ◽  
André Ricardo Araújo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Unit Risk

scholarly journals Epidemiology of bacterial colonization at intensive care unit admission with emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria – an Indian experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Azim ◽  
Mayank Dwivedi ◽  
P. Bhaskar Rao ◽  
A. K. Baronia ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family

An important risk factor for nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit (ICU) is prior colonization. This study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of bacterial colonization and predisposing risk factors in patients being admitted to an ICU in India, with special emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Nasal, oral and rectal swab samples were collected and processed for isolation of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria and MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Bacterial colonization (of one or more sites) on admission was detected in 51 out of 96 patients included in the study. Non-fermenters, i.e. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, were the most common colonizers, present in 37 patients, with simultaneous colonization in 12 patients. A total of 16 patients were colonized with MBL-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, out of which 11 isolates (from 5 patients) were also carrying ESBL-encoding genes. As for MBLs, most of our patients have shown colonization with ESBL-producing bacteria. On admission, 47 of 51 patients (92 %) have been colonized by ESBL-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, at one or more of the three anatomical sites. The most common MBL subtype was bla IMP (51.56 %), whereas bla CTX was the most common gene (84.9 %) identified among ESBL producers. Risk factors for colonization on admission to the ICU were hospitalization for more than 48 h, use of ≥3 groups of antibiotics, co-morbidities and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h prior to ICU admission. There is an increasing incidence of MBLs and ESBLs in the Indian population. The identified risk factors can be used as a guide for empiric antibiotic therapy targeted to these resistant bacteria.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Colonisation with Gram-Negative Bacteria in an Intensive Care Unit

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blot ◽  
K. Vandewoude ◽  
K. Blot ◽  
F. Colardyn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Impact of an Evidence-Based Antibiotic Protocol on Common Gram-Negative Bacteria's Antibiotic Resistance in a Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-017
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Pal Singh ◽  
Seshagiribabu Yagani ◽  
Shamsiya TP ◽  
Shivam Pandey ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Based on the analysis of infections and antibiotic usage in the years 2013 and 2014, an evidence-based antibiotic protocol was developed and implemented in our cardiac surgical intensive care unit (CSICU). This study intends to study the impact of this new protocol on the sensitivity profiles of common gram-negative bacteria in our CSICU. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our center, between January 2017 and December 2018, were reviewed and the incidence of different hospital-acquired bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles were recorded. The antibiotic-sensitivity profiles of common gram-negative bacteria, for the years 2017 and 2018, were compared with the published data of 2013 and 2014 from our department. Results There was a significant decrease in the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems during 2017 and 2018. The incidence of colistin-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa also decreased significantly in 2017 and 2018. A significant increase in the proportion of amikacin resistant A. baumannii and E. coli and A. baumannii resistant to B lactam/B lactamase inhibitors also occurred. Conclusion Antibiotic stewardship can reverse the antibiotic resistance of common gram-negative bacteria in the ICU.

scholarly journals A study of infections in neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemangi D Ingale ◽  
Vaishali A. Kongre ◽  
Renu S. Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: As infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent its serious consequences. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care hospital and to study their risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods: Appropriate samples were collected from all neonates with clinical signs and symptoms of infections. Isolation of microorganisms, their identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was done according to standard microbiological techniques.Results: Among 1210 neonates admitted in the NICU, 393 (32.4%) were clinically suspected infections. The prevalence of Septicemia, Pneumonia, and Meningitis were 6%, 1.5%, 0.7% respectively. The predominant organisms causing neonatal infection were Gram negative bacteria followed by fungi and Gram positive bacteria. Among Gram negative bacteria, the antimicrobial resistance was highest for third generation Cephalosporins [Ceftazidime (81.1%), Cefotaxime (60.3%)]. In Gram positive bacteria highest resistance was observed for Penicillin and Ampicillin (91.3%). Methicillin resistance was observed in 91.6% of Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS). All isolates of Candida parapsilosis were sensitive to Fluconazole, Voriconazole but resistant to Amphotericin B. Predominant risk factors were low birth weight (87.7%) and prematurity (75%). Maternal risk factors were pregnancy induced hypertension (13.4%) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (10.1%). The case fatality rate was 20.7%.Conclusions: There is a need of strict infection control measures and rational antibiotic policy to reduce the economic burden of hospital and community due to neonatal infections. 

scholarly journals 2302. Bloodstream Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU): Risk Factors and Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S683-S683
Author(s):  
Violetta-Magdalini Darda ◽  
Elias Iosifidis ◽  
Eleni Volakli ◽  
Charalampos Antachopoulos ◽  
Anna-Bettina Haidich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals Outcomes and Risk Factors in Prosthetic Joint Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Raquel Bandeira da Silva ◽  
Mauro José Salles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Postoperative Hematoma ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, are gaining importance in the aetiology of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This retrospective observational study identified independent risk factors (RFs) associated with MDR-GNB PJI and their influence on treatment outcomes. We assessed MDR bacteria causing hip and knee PJIs diagnosed at a Brazilian tertiary hospital from January 2014 to July 2018. RFs associated with MDR-GNB PJI were estimated by bivariate and multivariate analyses using prevalence ratios (PRs) with significance at p < 0.05. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to evaluate treatment outcomes. Overall, 98 PJI patients were analysed, including 56 with MDR-GNB and 42 with other bacteria. Independent RFs associated with MDR-GNB PJI were revision arthroplasty (p = 0.002), postoperative hematoma (p < 0.001), previous orthopaedic infection (p = 0.002) and early infection (p = 0.001). Extensively drug-resistant GNB (p = 0.044) and comorbidities (p = 0.044) were independently associated with MDR-GNB PJI treatment failure. In sum, MDR-GNB PJI was independently associated with previous orthopaedic surgery, postoperative local complications and pre-existing infections and was possibly related to selective pressure on bacterial skin colonisation by antibiotics prescribed for early PJI. Infections due to MDR-GNB and comorbidities were associated with higher treatment failure rates.

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