scholarly journals How does decisional capacity evolve with normal cognitive aging: systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tannou ◽  
Séverine Koeberlé ◽  
Régis Aubry ◽  
Emmanuel Haffen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Decisional Capacity ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Motivation Profiles

Abstract Purpose Aging is associated with increased needs related to complex decisions, particularly in medical and social issues. However, the complexity of decision-making involves many neurological functions and structures which are potentially altered by cognitive aging. Methodology A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to examine changes in decision-making occurring in normal cognitive aging. The keywords “decision making” and “normal aging” were used to find the clinical studies and literature reviews focused on these changes. Results A total of 97 articles were considered in the review, and ultimately 40 articles were selected, including 30 studies and 10 literature reviews. The data from these studies were of uneven quality and too disparate to allow meta-analysis according to PRISMA criteria. Nevertheless, a key result of the analysis is the decrease of processing speed with aging. In ambiguous decision-making situations, the alteration of the ventromedial system is associated with changes in motivation profiles. These changes can be compensated by experience. However, difficulties arise for older adults in the case of one-off decisions, which are very common in the medical or medico-social domains. Conclusions Cognitive aging is associated with a slowdown in processing speed of decision-making, especially in ambiguous situations. However, decision-making processes which are based on experience and cases in which sufficient time is available are less affected by aging. These results highlight the relativity of decision-making capacities in cognitive aging.

scholarly journals Prognostic factors for chronic post-surgical pain after lung or pleural surgery: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e051554
Author(s):  
Pascal Richard David Clephas ◽  
Sanne Elisabeth Hoeks ◽  
Marialena Trivella ◽  
Christian S Guay ◽  
Preet Mohinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Chronic Post Surgical Pain

IntroductionChronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) after lung or pleural surgery is a common complication and associated with a decrease in quality of life, long-term use of pain medication and substantial economic costs. An abundant number of primary prognostic factor studies are published each year, but findings are often inconsistent, methods heterogeneous and the methodological quality questionable. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are therefore needed to summarise the evidence.Methods and analysisThe reporting of this protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist. We will include retrospective and prospective studies with a follow-up of at least 3 months reporting patient-related factors and surgery-related factors for any adult population. Randomised controlled trials will be included if they report on prognostic factors for CPSP after lung or pleural surgery. We will exclude case series, case reports, literature reviews, studies that do not report results for lung or pleural surgery separately and studies that modified the treatment or prognostic factor based on pain during the observation period. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google Scholar and relevant literature reviews will be searched. Independent pairs of two reviewers will assess studies in two stages based on the PICOTS criteria. We will use the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool for the quality assessment and the CHARMS-PF checklist for the data extraction of the included studies. The analyses will all be conducted separately for each identified prognostic factor. We will analyse adjusted and unadjusted estimated measures separately. When possible, evidence will be summarised with a meta-analysis and otherwise narratively. We will quantify heterogeneity by calculating the Q and I2 statistics. The heterogeneity will be further explored with meta-regression and subgroup analyses based on clinical knowledge. The quality of the evidence obtained will be evaluated according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation guideline 28.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be necessary, as all data are already in the public domain. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021227888.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness of decision aids for vaccination decision-making

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn ◽  
Jessica Kaufman ◽  
Catherine King ◽  
S. Rachel Skinner ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Vaccination Decision

Focal Concerns and Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802199128
Author(s):  
David S. Lapsey ◽  
Bradley A. Campbell ◽  
Bryant T. Plumlee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Campbell Collaboration ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault and case attrition at the arrest stage are serious problems in the United States. Focal concerns have increasingly been used to explain police decision making in sexual assault cases. Because of the popularity of the focal concerns perspective and potential to inform evidence-based training, a systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to condense the literature. In this study, we assess the overall strength of the relationship between focal concerns variables and police decisions to arrest in cases of sexual assault. Our assessment of the effects of focal concerns variables on arrest decision making in sexual assault cases followed the systematic review protocols provided by the Campbell Collaboration of Systematic Reviews. Specifically, we used the Campbell Collaboration recommendations to search empirical literature and used meta-analysis to evaluate the size, direction, and strength of the impact of focal concerns variables on arrest decisions. Our search strategy detected 14 eligible studies and 79 effect sizes. The meta-analysis found several robust and statistically significant correlates of arrest. In fact, each focal concerns concept produced at least one robust arrest correlate. Overall, focal concerns offers a strong approach for explaining police decisions in sexual assault cases. Although practical concerns and resource constraints produced the strongest arrest correlates, results show the importance of additional case characteristics in officers’ decision to arrest.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment-related toxicities of curative and palliative radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Or ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
J. Lam ◽  
S. Vinod ◽  
W. Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Grade 3

AbstractTreatment-related toxicity is an important component in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management decision-making. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the toxicity rates of curative and palliative radiotherapy with and without chemotherapy. This meta-analysis provides better quantitative estimates of the toxicities compared to individual trials. A systematic review of randomised trials with > 50 unresectable NSCLC patients, treated with curative or palliative conventional radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. Data was extracted for oesophagitis, pneumonitis, cardiac events, pulmonary fibrosis, myelopathy and neutropenia by any grade, grade ≥ 3 and treatment-related deaths. Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effect method was used to obtain pooled risk ratio. Forty-nine trials with 8609 evaluable patients were included. There was significantly less grade ≥ 3 acute oesophagitis (6.4 vs 22.2%, p < 0.0001) and any grade oesophagitis (70.4 vs 79.0%, p = 0.04) for sequential CRT compared to concurrent CRT, with no difference in pneumonitis (grade ≥ 3 or any grade), neutropenia (grade ≥ 3), cardiac events (grade ≥ 3) or treatment-related deaths. Although the rate of toxicity increased with intensification of treatment with RT, the only significant difference between treatment regimens was the rate of oesophagitis between the use of concurrent and sequential CRT. This can aid clinicians in radiotherapy decision making for NSCLC.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Wook Song
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Evidence Database

Background: As the situation of cognitive aging is getting worse, preventing or treating cognitive decline through effective strategies is highly important. This systematic review aims to investigate whether mind-body exercise is an effective approach for treating cognition decline. Methods: Searches for the potential studies were performed on the eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PsycArtilces, CNKI, and Wanfang). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of mind-body exercise on cognitive performance in older adults were included. Data were extracted and effect sizes were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random-effects models. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale was employed to examine the study quality. Results: Nineteen RCTs including 2539 elders (67.3% female) with fair to good study quality were identified. Mind-body exercise, relative to control intervention, showed significant benefits on cognitive performance, global cognition (Hedges’g = 0.23), executive functions (Hedges’g = 0.25 to 0.65), learning and memory (Hedges’g = 0.37 to 0.49), and language (Hedges’g = 0.35). In addition, no significant adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Mind-body exercise may be a safe and effective intervention for enhancing cognitive function among people aged 60 years or older. Further research evidence is still needed to make a more conclusive statement.

Public Catholicism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Civic Responsibility ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ordinary Means

This chapter explore how the growing Hispanic presence makes the ramifications of moral and social issues more imminent in numerous parishes. In this context, Catholic teachings such as those on justice and civic responsibility are more salient when embodied in local organizing initiatives that enable grassroots people to address community concerns and participate in the decision-making processes affecting them and their families. Arguably, the most significant contribution Latino Catholics make to public Catholicism is the various ways they reveal that the sometimes-harsh realities of everyday pastoral work are the ordinary means through which the church lives out its mission to transform lives, communities, and society.

Cybersecurity Research: A Review of Current Research Topics

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
R Project ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
First Time

This paper presents a systematic review of empirical research on cybersecurity issues. 14 empirical articles about cybersecurity, published in the two top IS journals, MISQ (12) and ISR (2), between 2008 and 2017, were selected and analyzed, classified into three categories: individual level (non-work setting), employee level (work setting), and organization level (policy/regulation environment). This paper provides a holistic picture of cybersecurity issues, for instance, fundamental theories, impressive research methods, and influencing factors. More importantly, for the first time an integrative framework was developed by R Project, which potentially text-mines end-users’ behaviors and decision-making processes toward cybersecurity under the circumstance of security breach. Some explanations of extant empirical study and potential research are addressed and discussed as well.

scholarly journals Do Interventions Designed to Support Shared Decision-Making Reduce Health Inequalities? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e94670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Durand ◽  
Lewis Carpenter ◽  
Hayley Dolan ◽  
Paulina Bravo ◽  
Mala Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Shared Decision
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