Management of southern blight of bell pepper by soil amendment with dry biomass of Datura metel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Jabeen ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Amna Shoaib ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Dry Biomass

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Stress, Variations in Soil Type, and Soil Amendment on the Growth of Three Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu ◽  
Sydney Mavengahama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Stress Environment

Food security in sub–Saharan Africa is threatened by the increasing incidence of heat stress. Therefore, ameliorating heat stress influence in plants is vital for sustainable crop production. A 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment fitted into a completely randomized design with four replications was performed. The factors were heat stress, maize variety, soil amendment, and soil type. The results showed that heat stress exerted a depressive effect on maize growth and yield attributes. It reduced the leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass yield, and harvest index by 35%, 36%, 41%, 59%, and 78%, respectively. Sandy clay loam soil provided a better maize growth condition than loamy sand soil. Organic manure soil amendment improved maize growth attributes over the mineral fertilizer in the non–heat–stress environment and ameliorated the negative impact of heat stress in the heat–stress environment. The ranking of the attributes identified leaf area, dry biomass yield, stem diameter, and plant height as the most discriminating and representative attributes. These attributes should be considered in maize development projects for heat–stress prone areas. Selection of appropriate maize variety and accompanying soil amendment should be integrated into food security strategy as they influenced maize growth and yield under (non–)heat–stress conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Capsicum annum L. genotypes against salinity induced by NaCl

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zohaib Nasir ◽  
Mujahid Ali ◽  
Saqib Ayyub ◽  
Bilal Akram ◽  
Rashid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars ◽  
Different Levels

Soil salinity harmfully effect bell pepper production being salt sensitive crop. The aim of this study was to compare capsicum (bell-pepper) cultivars for their ability to tolerate salt stress. Electrical conductivity of different levels i.e., control (no sodium chloride), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1, was developed by using NaCl, after 30 days of seedling emergence of six cultivars (Yolo Wonder, California Wonder, Cop-amber Hybrid, F1 Pangs No. 206, Sweet Pepper F1, Kaka F1). These cultivars were evaluated based on morphological (shoot and root length, plant fresh and dry biomass), physiological (chlorophyll content) and biochemical attributes (nitrogen concentration, and protein contents). Minimum chlorophyll contents (SPAD units) in Kaka F1 (16.77 SPAD units) at 1.5 dSm-1. However, maximum value of chlorophyll contents was observed in Sweet Pepper F1 (49.23 SPAD units) at control followed by “Yolo Wonder” (41.53 SPAD units) at control. Maximum dry biomass was found in California Wonder (0.468 g) at 1.5 dSm-1, while minimum value of dry biomass (g) was observed in Kaka F1 (0.095 g) at 4.5 dSm-1. Six cultivars of capsicum were categorized into three groups. Salt tolerant cultivars included “California Wonder” followed by “Yolo Wonder”. “Kaka F1” was proved most salt sensitive and all others were moderately salt tolerant.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Amendment on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Cadmium and Trace Elements in Brassica chinensis L. (Chinese Cabbage)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Yasmin Khan ◽  
Barkat Ali ◽  
Xiaoqiang Cui ◽  
Ying Feng ◽  
Peter Joseph Stoffella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Biochar Amendment

<p>This study aims to investigate the potential use of maize stalk (MS), bamboo (BB) and cow manure (CM) derived biochar as a soil amendment on the cadmium (Cd) and trace metals (Mn, Zn, Fe) accumulation by two Cd accumulator cultivars; low (Aijiaoheiye 333) (AJ) and high (Zhouyeheiyoudonger) (ZH) of <em>Brassica chinensis</em> L. The effect of different biochar (4% w/w) on both cultivars grown on artificially Cd contaminated Alfisol soil was studied. All selected biochar decreased the bioavailability of Cd in soil and its phytoavailability for both cultivars of <em>B. chinensis</em> L. followed the order: MS &gt; CM &gt; BB. In particular, with increase soil pH MS biochar significantly reduced Cd bioavailability in soil by 54% and accumulation in shoots of AJ and ZH cultivars by 35% and 41%, as soil amendment. These results indicated the effectiveness of biochar by reducing the availability and phytotoxicity of Cd, while enhanced shoot dry biomass by promoting microbial activity and availability of essential trace metals.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Chitosan in Disease Suppression, Growth and Yield of Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
R. Jannat ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
M. A. R. Khan ◽  
M. T. Rubayet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Mortality Incidence

An attempt was made for controlling of Rhizoctonia canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani and southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in pot and field experiments under inoculated condition and also to increase the growth promoting factors and yield of carrot through the application of chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolates of R. solani and S. rolfsii and effective dose of chitosan on mycelial growth inhibition of virulent isolates of test pathogens. In the pathogenicity test, R. solani isolate R-1 and S. rolfsii isolate S-1 were found to be the most virulent against carrot seedlings. In vitro application of 1.0% chitosan was found to inhibit 100% mycelial growth of both tested pathogens. The field experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design with four treatments, where no treatment was done in T1, pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as seed treatment or soil amendment significantly reduced post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of diseases and enhanced seedling growth and also yields of carrot. On the contrary, post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight of carrot were highest in treatment T2 where soil was inoculated with pathogens. Chitosan could be used as an alternative of fungicide to suppress Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight in sustainable agriculture and improvement the yield of carrot.

Chenopodium album mitigates adverse effects of Sclerotium rolfsii on chickpea var. Bakhar

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Amna Ali ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Amna Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Rot Disease

Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne pathogen of over 500 plant species, causes collar rot disease in chickpea and reduces its survival rate, growth and yield. This study was carried out to assess potential benefits of soil amendment with Chenopodium album L., a Chenopodicaeae weed, on growth, yield and physiology of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011, grown in S. rolfsii contaminated soil. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry biomass of shoot, root and grains by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, over negative control (without fungus or C. album biomass). Likewise, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also reduced by S. rolfsii. A 3% (w/w) application of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot dry biomass by 134%, root dry biomass by 650%, grain yield by 1309%, chlorophyll content by 1483% and carotenoid content by 320%, over S. rolfsii inoculated treatment (positive control). In general, S. rolfsii increased phenolic content, and activities of denfense related enzymes namely phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This study suggested the use of 3% DBC as soil amendment for improvement of crop growth, yield and resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011 under stress of S. rolfsii.

Yellow Nutsedge Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper as Influenced by Turnip Soil Amendment

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
John D. Mattice ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production

Methyl bromide has been widely used as a broad-spectrum fumigant for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, because of environmental hazards, the phase-out of methyl bromide requires development of alternative weed management strategies. Brassicaceae plants produce glucosinolates which are hydrolyzed to toxic isothiocyanates following tissue decomposition, and therefore can be used as a cultural strategy. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment (‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop vs. fallow) and the effect of initially planted yellow nutsedge tuber density (0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2) on the interference of yellow nutsedge in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. Total glucosinolate production by the turnip cover crop was 12,635 and 22,845 µmol m−2in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and was mainly contributed by shoots. In general, soil amendment with the turnip cover crop was neither effective in reducing yellow nutsedge growth and tuber production nor in improving bell pepper growth and yield compared to fallow plots at any initial tuber density. Averaged over cover crops, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production ≥ 1.4 times. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on yellow nutsedge height and canopy width. Compared to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge reduced bell pepper dry weight and marketable yield ≥ 42 and ≥ 47%, respectively. However, bell pepper dry weight and yield reduction from 50 and 100 tubers m−2were not different. Light was the major resource for which yellow nutsedge competed with bell pepper. Yellow nutsedge shoots grown from initially planted 50 and 100 tubers m−2caused up to 48 and 67% light interception in bell pepper, respectively. It is concluded that yellow nutsedge interference from initial densities of 50 and 100 tubers m−2are equally effective in reducing bell pepper yield and that soil biofumigation with turnip is not a viable management option for yellow nutsedge at these densities.

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