scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal-contaminated soils of selected villages in Zamfara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharhabil Musa Yahaya ◽  
Fatima Abubakar ◽  
Nafiu Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

AbstractThe incidence of heavy metal contamination in Zamfara State, northern Nigeria, due to artisanal mining in some villages has resulted in the pollution of a vast area of land and water. This study evaluated the extent of environmental risks caused by heavy metals. It involved five (5) villages (Bagega, Dareta, Sunke, Tunga, and Abare) where mining activities were taking place and Anka town with no record of mining activities served as control. In each of the five villages, three sites (3) were identified as a mining site, processing site, and village making a total of sixteen (16) sites. Bulked soil samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed for iron, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, and nickel using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measured concentrations of the heavy metals in soils were then used to calculate the pollution and ecological risk pose by heavy metals. Their concentrations were in the order Fe > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Ni, with Pb and Cd having a concentration higher than permissible levels for soils and accounted for 98.64% of the total potential ecological risk. Also, all the different pollution indices examined showed that all the sites were polluted with Cd, and all the processing sites were polluted with Pb. This reveals that processing sites pose more risk to heavy metal contamination. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between Pb and Zn, Cr and Ni, and a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between Fe and Pb, Zn and Cr. The principal component analysis suggested that Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni likely originated from the same source, i.e., mining activities, and Fe and Cd originated from the abundant parent material in the study area.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Andreea IORDACHE ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Elena HORJ ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sugarcane Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1402-1409
Author(s):  
Gui Ping Xu ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Li Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk

Concentrations of heavy metals in sugarcane soil of Guangxi were determined and the potential ecological risk index was used simultaneously to evaluate the extent of heavy metals enrichment contamination. Results showed that the pollution extent of heavy metals in sugarcane soil by potential ecological risk followed the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn, Cu and Zn were slightly polluted, with small potential ecological harm, while Pb and Cd were above moderately polluted, with heavy potential ecological harm. Principal component analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals contamination, the results indicated that the first two components accounted for 61.016% and 26.920% of the total variance respectively, 4 kinds of heavy metal elements had similar sources, tailing dam lead-zinc concentrator upstream along the coast was the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

Monitoring and assessing heavy metals in topsoils as potential diffuse pollutants in the Pyeongchang River Basin, Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3156-3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Kabir ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
G. Kim ◽  
T. Jun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

Topsoils, mainly from crop fields, orchards, forests, and barns around the Pyeongchang River, were collected to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Pollution load index, ecological risk index, and enrichment factor were applied to assess levels of heavy metal contamination for topsoils. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.7 mg/kg) and chromium (Cr) (4.1 mg/kg) exceeded the troublesome level in one site, whereas zinc (Zn) (396.7 to 711.1 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (40.1 to 95.3 mg/kg) in several topsoils exceeded the troublesome to countermeasure levels, according to soil contamination standards for the study areas. A significant risk of contamination was observed for mercury (Hg) by all indices, although the concentration in most of the topsoils was below the guideline. As expected, a positive linear correlation was observed for the values of pollution load index and ecological risk index, demonstrating lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to those downstream. High to extremely high ecological risk was observed in several samples for Zn and Ni, while all of the soils were unpolluted to slightly polluted, according to the pollution load index. A baseline study was not performed earlier for these sites, so these assessed values of heavy metals should be used as reference values for further assessment.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Overlying Water and Sediments of Nkozoa Lake (Southern Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Noa Tang Sylvie Désirée ◽  
Ekoa Bessa Armel Zacharie ◽  
Tchakam Kamtchueng Brice ◽  
Wongan Kouonchie Sorel Ange ◽  
Etame Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Effect Level

Examination of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd and Ni) in overlying water and sediments was conducted in Lake Nkozoa, in a peripheral area of Yaoundé characterized by a high population density and rapid economic development in Cameroon. Sediment samples were collected at the entrance and near the center of the lake, using a raft and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. They were subjected to water quality parameters, heavy metals comparisons and calculations of pollution indices and ecological risks followed by statistical analysis in order to identify and estimate the sources of metal contamination in overlying water and sediments of the Nkozoa Lake. The physico-chemical parameters of water show that the pH (5 < pH < 6), total dissolved solids (TDS~130 g/L) and conductivity (EC~194.8 µs/cm) are below the recommendations of the WHO. The average heavy metal concentrations in sediments, except Cd, are lower than the upper continental crust (UCC) and several environmental contamination monitoring parameters, such as threshold effect level (TEL), probable effect level (PEL), and severe effect level (SEL). The sediment samples show a low heavy metal contamination degree (class 0) and low potential ecological risk (PER) level, except for Cd and Hg which have high contamination degree (class 1 to 6) and moderate PER. Matrix correlation shows that some parameters like pH, EC, Cr and TDS, Cu, Hg in water have perfect positive correlations (r = 1.00) suggesting common sources of contamination. Cluster analyses coupled with matrix data for sediments revealed that Cd is the most contaminant elements derived from anthropogenic sources.

scholarly journals Evaluating Heavy Metal Contamination Effects on the Caspian Pond Turtle Health (Mauremys caspica caspica) Through Analyzing Oxidative Stress Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Somayeh Namroodi ◽  
Annalisa Zaccaroni ◽  
Hassan Rezaei ◽  
Seyedeh Malihe Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mauremys Caspica

Background and aims: Antioxidant defense plays a vital part in organism protection against oxidative stress which is produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress represents a serious threat to the animals facing with heavy metals. This study was designed to analyze the habitat suitability for Caspian pond turtles, namely, Mauremys caspica in Mazandaran province by measuring lead (Hg) and mercury (Pb) tissues concentrations and heavy metals’ effects on the health status of Caspian pond turtles through quantifying the oxidative stress factors. Methods: Hg and Pb were measured in kidney and liver tissues of 20 sampled Caspian pond male turtles (treatment group) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and a Caspian pond male turtle was included in the control group. Moreover, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were investigated in kidney and liver tissues. Results: The mean (SD) concentration of Pb and Hg were 35.83 (4.20), and 0.604 (0.03) mg/kg for the sampled livers and also 31.01 (3.42) mg/kg and 0.316 (0.04) mg/kg for the sampled kidneys, respectively. Levels of trace elements, CAT, and SOD activities were found to be higher in the liver. Totally, GSH levels, as well as, CAT, and SOD activities were found to be higher and lower, respectively, in the control turtle as compared with the contaminated Caspian pond turtles. Trace-element levels had a positive correlation with CAT and SOD activities while having a negative association with GSH levels in contaminated Caspian pond sampled turtles. Conclusion: According to the results, it was inferred that high Hg and Pb concentrations in the turtles were due to the heavy metal contamination of their habitat in Mazandaran province. Based on the positive correlation between the heavy metal concentration of the tissue and dysfunction of oxidative stress defense markers, it can be concluded when the Caspian pond turtles are faced with heavy metal contamination risk, these markers can act as a bioindicator of their health status. No doubt, more studies are required to prove this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration In Underground Water And Its Environmental Health Effects: A Case Study Of Solous Dumpsite, Igando, Lagos

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Olu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Introduction: Contaminated water is linked to diseases worldwide. Aims: To investigate the heavy metals concentration in underground water around the Solous dumpsite in Igando Lagos State, Nigeria and its effect on human. Materials and Methods: water samples from 12 different locations within a distance range of 0.07 - 0.72 km was collected. And a structured questionnaire was administered to 120 respondents to find out their perceptions about the dumpsite environment and ill-health effect of their drinking water. The physicochemical parameters was measured and heavy metals concentration of the water samples were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: The water samples from the 12 sites contains heavy metals concentrations: Lead (Pb) (0.08-1.20mg/L), Cadmium (Cd) (0.03-0.08mg/L), Iron (Fe) (1.4-12.3mg/L), Nickel (Ni) (0.08-0.19mg/L), Zinc (Zn) (0.05-0.13mg/L) and Manganese (Mn) (0.01-0.04mg/L) respectively. It was revealed that age, educational qualification and year of living in the community of the respondents explain a significant amount of the variance in the value of the perception of the respondents on effect of heavy metal contamination. The result shows that over 75% of the respondents was not sure of any prior ailment linked to any heavy metal contamination affecting anyone among them. Conclusion: all water samples collected were contaminated by heavy metals and respondents using this water are ignorant of the danger. Thus, there is a need for proper provision of safe alternative water supply to the dumpsite community for domestic use and awareness on environmental heavy metal toxicity from drinking water to avert global health challenges.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Khalid Farooq ◽  
Hale Wiliam HG ◽  
Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
Mean Concentration

Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 232.7 &mu;g/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 174.6 &mu;g/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 87.3 &mu;g/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 &mu;g/g (mean, 1.4 &mu;g/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the &lsquo;critical trigger concentrations&rsquo; for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.

Phytoremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soils: Advances and Researching Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 732-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Su ◽  
Zhang Cai ◽  
Qi Xing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Metal Organic

More and more attention has been paid to soil contamination by heavy metals in recent years. Heavy metal contamination includes heavy metal - heavy metal contamination, heavy metal - organic contamination, and heavy metal nutrient contamination. In particular, soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is the most typical one. In terms of the current remediation technologies, phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil remains popular due to its low cost, environmental aesthetics and in-situ effective treatment. Therefore, screening-out and identification of Cd hyperaccumulators becomes a hotspot in this researching domain. In order to further improve the efficiency of phytoremediation, we have developed a variety of joint remediation technologies. Based on these work at home and abroad, we summed up the studying progress in this field. Some main researching contents and directions of phytoremediation for Cd contaminated soils were also proposed.

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