Iranian Qara Qat fruit (redcurrant) in Arasbaran forests as the resource of anthocyanin pigments in formation of [ACN-Mg2+/Al3+/Ga3+/ Sn2+/Cr3+/Fe3+] chelation clusters

AbstractClusters of metallic cations (Mg2+, Al3+, Ga3+, Sn2+, Cr3+ and Fe3+) jointed to anthocyanins in water media were studied for unraveling the color shifting of different complexes of these structures in the low ranges of pH. Anthocyanin jointed to metallic cation progresses the color expression range of anthocyanin in more different range of pH. In this verdict, it has been studied the metallic cations diffusing of deprotonating for the anthocyanin (B)-ring of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp) and petunidin (Pt) in two media of gas and water, transforming flavylium cations to the blue quinonoidal bases at lower range of pH applying the infrared method by approaching Beer Lambert law for getting the physico-chemical parameters of frequency, intensity, and absorbance of the compounds, respectively. In previous investigation, it has been indicated that the important factor for enhancing the absorbance in a positive non-linear fashion due to deviating from the Beer Lambert law is the self-association of anthocyanins of cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin of anthocyanin structures. The difference of heat of formation (∆HR) among clusters of metallic cations jointed to anthocyanins has been illustrated toward the double bonds and carbonyl groups by the chelation of (B)-ring for cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin anthocyanins in two media of gas and water that explains the stability and color of [anthocyanin-metallic cations] cluster chelation of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp) and petunidin (Pt) colorful pigments in a weak acidic medium. By this work we exhibited that the color of the anthocyanin chelates is an important factor for estimating the efficiency of these types of food colorants.

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EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT SHODHIT GUGGUL

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i9.18668 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Mayuree A. Patel ◽

Sanjeev R Acharya ◽

Carol P. Macwan ◽

Tejas B. Patel ◽

B. N. Suhagia

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Ph Value ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Analytical Results ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Standard Value ◽

The Difference ◽

Physicochemical Data

Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the physicochemical data of shodhit guggul. Guggul is a gum-resin exudate from the plant Commiphora weightii (Arn.) Bhandari, belonging to Burseraceae family. In Ayurveda, guggul is always purified. This purification is known as Shodhan. Shodhan is a process by which guggul is made non-toxic, effective, suitable and fit for therapeutic purposes.Methods: The seven different shodhan dravya were used to prepare shodhit guggul. They were evaluated by performing physicochemical parameters including five different extractive value; total ash, acid insoluble, water soluble and sulphated ash value; pH, and loss on drying.Results: Analytical results of raw guggul showed total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulphated ash value to 5.36±0.04%, 0.96±0.03%, 4.51±0.03 % and 8.40±0.04% respectively. These all values of each shodhit guggul were different. The extractive value of raw guggul was comparable with standard value while the extractive value of each shodhit guggul was totally different. The pH value of 1% w/v and 10% w/v aqueous solution of raw guggul was 6.44±0.18 though pH of each shodhit guggul was changed. The loss on drying of raw guggul was found to be 1.88±0.02%w/v, however, this value was different for each shodhit guggul.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the different shodhan process with specific shodhan dravya affects the physicochemical parameters. The analysis and comparison of the data showed the difference in the properties of seven shodhit guggul with respect to raw Guggul.

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Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil and Its Oxidative Stability

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2010/518070 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N. El Boulifi ◽

A. Bouaid ◽

M. Martinez ◽

J. Aracil

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Acid Value ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Ester Yield ◽

The Stability ◽

Central Composite

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize biodiesel production process from corn oil. The process variables, temperature and catalyst concentration were found to have significant influence on biodiesel yield. The optimum combination derived via RSM for high corn oil methyl ester yield (99.48%) was found to be 1.18% wt catalyst concentration at a reaction temperature of55.6∘C. To determine how long biodiesel can safely be stored, it is desirable to have a measurement for the stability of the biodiesel against such oxidation. Storage time and oxygen availability have been considered as possible factors influencing oxidative instability. Biodiesel from corn oil was stored for a period of 30 months, and the physico-chemical parameters of samples were measured at regular interval of time. Results show that the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and viscosity (ν) increased while the iodine value (IV) decreased. These parameters changed very significantly when the sample was stored under normal oxygen atmosphere. However, theν, AV, and IV of the biodiesel sample which was stored under argon atmosphere were within the limit by the European specifications (EN 14214).

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Remediation by artificial cooling of dilute clay suspensions contaminated by heavy metals

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400027285 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (202) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Gay ◽

M.A. Azouni

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Freezing Front ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Metallic Salts ◽

Metallic Cations ◽

Clay Suspensions

AbstractVertical freezing of clayey suspensions contaminated by heavy metals was conducted. A small unidirectional thermal gradient applied to a sample placed in a parallelopipedic cell led to the low-rate propagation of an upward freezing front. During this propagation, segregation of salts occurred and the non-solidified phase ahead of the freezing front became enriched with metallic salts. Moreover, some of the non-miscible particles in suspension were repelled by the freezing front. Therefore, the solidified phase became poorer with metallic pollutants bound to such nonmiscible particles as clayey colloids or complexes. Thus, artificial cooling was able to purify a suspension contaminated by heavy metals that exist in various chemical forms. This paper presents results for different experimental conditions and physico-chemical parameters such as the pH and the ratio between the concentrations of metallic cations and clay particles. The influence of these physico-chemical parameters on the speciations of lead and on the efficiency of this method is discussed. These freezing tests carried out on polluted soils should succeed in their remediation. This new method is called ‘cryoremediation’.

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The Unusual Reddish-Bloom Appearance in a Freshwater Fishpond at Kingolwira National Fish Farming Center, Morogoro, Tanzania

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v9i2.32734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 204-216

Author(s):

Offoro N. Kimambo ◽

Jabulani R. Gumbo ◽

Titus A.M Msagati ◽

Hector Chikoore

Keyword(s):

Fish Farming ◽

Test Statistics ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Future Studies ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

The Difference ◽

Term Monitoring ◽

Time Assessment

The study aimed to examines a case of what constituted the uncommonly reddish-bloom appearance in the fishponds during the dry season (September 2018) at Kingolwira National Fish Farming Center located in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a benchtop FlowCAM® to investigate species' morphology. One-time assessment of physico-chemical characteristics during the event was performed from the reddish and non-reddish fishponds. Images were compared with the available literature, but also t-test statistics were performed to examine the difference between the fishponds. The results show that the fishponds were significantly (p<0.05) different from each other in terms of physico-chemical parameters except for water temperatures. Furthermore, Microcystis species dominated the non-reddish fishpond whereas Euglenophytes species were pervasive in the reddish fishpond. The two species have the potential to produce secondary metabolites (toxins) or to produce a hypoxia condition that is harmful to the fishery, aquatic ecology, and human. To confirm toxicity nature and dynamics further, future studies should consider extensive and regular diurnal and long-term monitoring.

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Multiple Emulsions Able To Be Use For Oral Administration Of Actives Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Different Phases Physico-Chemical Parameters Study

10.1101/2020.07.02.184572 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D. L. Augustin Diaga ◽

D. A. Rodrigue ◽

S. Mamadou ◽

D. S. Mouhamed ◽

S. P. Mady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Multiple Emulsions ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

The Stability

ABSTRACTWhen formulating emulsions, the preliminary tests, also known as formulation tests, constitute a step which can be long and expensive because of the quantity of reagents that can be used. A rigorous methodology could thus be of great interest, that is at the aim of our study which consists of evaluating the physico-chemical parameters of different phases used to make thus multiple emulsions.In our study, physico chemical parameters such as conductivity, pH, density, viscosity, and surface tension have been studied by direct measurement using equipment and also by means of suitable mounting.The results showed that the pH and the surface tension have an important role in the prediction of the stability of emulsions, these latter must be of the same order of magnitude. For all phases conductivity does not have too much interest apart from helping to determine the type of the emulsion.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEMultiple emulsions are of great therapeutic interest especially in the administration of medicament which can be inactivated by digestive enzymes, moreover the researches of formulation not being often easy, a control of the physicochemical parameters of the different phases would be of great interest in rapid formulations and at low cost.

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Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651402 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 34 (02) ◽

pp. 426-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Kahan ◽

I Nohén

Keyword(s):

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Coagulation Activity ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Measured Activity ◽

Test Materials ◽

The Difference ◽

The Stability ◽

The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

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