Optimal design of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system considering generation and load uncertainty: the case of Zanjan city, Iran

Abstract In this paper, designing a hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic/wind energy system with battery storage (PV/WT/Batt) is presented to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system and considering reliability constraints for Zanjan city in Iran country considering generation and load uncertainties. The total cost includes the cost of the system components and load losses cost and also deficit power probability-hourly interruption probability index, which is defined as the reliability constraint. The optimal size of the system components is found using an improved crow search algorithm based on mutation and crossover operators of the genetic algorithm to prevent premature convergence. The optimal designing of the hybrid system is implemented considering the uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind resources as well as the load demand of the system based on the probability distribution functions of uncertain parameters using Monte Carlo simulation. The simulations are implemented in two deterministic and probabilistic scenarios. In the deterministic scenario, the optimal design of various combinations of the hybrid system is investigated in view of the system cost and deficit power probability probability-hourly interruption probability index based on the improved crow search algorithm with and without the cost of load loss. The results of the deterministic scenario showed that the system cost is increased considering the cost of load loss, but the system load is supplied with higher reliability. Also, the deterministic results cleared the superiority of the improved crow search algorithm compared with conventional crow search algorithm and particle swarm optimization methods. Moreover, the results of the system designing showed that considering the uncertainty, the system cost increases, and the reliability is significantly improved. The results cleared that the system cost in deterministic and probabilistic designing is obtained 1.0108 M$ and 1.210 M$, respectively for load supply equal to 153.87 MWh. So, due to the inherent nature of the uncertainty in the renewable resources power generation as well as continuous load changes, a probabilistic approach of the hybrid system designing is necessary to know the accurate cost and reliability. Article highlights Effective performance of the proposed method in system designing with lowest cost and higher reliability. Achieving to a more reliable hybrid energy system with considering cost of load losses in designing. Increasing the system the cost and improving the reliability considering uncertainties of generation and load.

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Model Predictive Control of Wind-Photovoltaic Hybrid System Connected to Grid

IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) ◽

10.11591/ijra.v6i3.pp216-226 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

Houda Abidi ◽

Abdelkader Mami

Keyword(s):

Predictive Control ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Energy System ◽

Reference Tracking ◽

Control Approach ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Parameter Variations ◽

Predicted Values ◽

The Cost

<span>This work focuses on Model based Predictive Control (MPC) for photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy system connected to electrical grid. Several benefits are offered by this method such as robustness against a parameter variations, minimum output current distortion and excellent reference tracking. In order to minimize the cost function or the error between the predicted values and their references, MPC-based algorithm permit to select and apply the optimal voltage vector. Simulation results under Psim environment show a fast dynamic behavior of hybrid system with minimal errors, accuracy and usefulness of the considered control approach.</span>

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Grid-Connected PV and Fuel Cell Hybrid System Using Different PV Tracking Techniques

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8515

Author(s):

Saif Mubaarak ◽

Delong Zhang ◽

Yongcong Chen ◽

Jinxin Liu ◽

Longze Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy System ◽

Vital Role ◽

Pv System ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

System Components ◽

Pv Generation

Solar energy has attracted the attention of researchers around the world due to its advantages. However, photovoltaic (PV) panels still have not attained the desired efficiency and economic mature. PV tracking techniques can play a vital role in improving the performance of the PV system. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the technical and economic performance of grid-connected hybrid energy systems including PV and fuel cells (FC) by applying major types of PV tracking technique. The topology and design principles and technical description of hybrid system components are proposed in this paper. Moreover, this paper also introduces economic criteria, which are used to evaluate the economy of different PV tracking techniques and seek the optimal configuration of system components. In the case study, the results show that the vertical single axis tracker was ranked 1st in terms of highest PV generation, penetration of renewable energy to the grid, lowest CO2 emission, highest energy sold to the grid and lowest purchased, and lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The study found that the optimal design of a grid-connected hybrid energy system (PV-FC) was by using a vertical single axis tracker which has the lowest NPC, LCOE.

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Performance and Feasibility Analysis of a Grid Interactive Large Scale Wind/PV Hybrid System based on Smart Grid Methodology Case Study South Part – Jordan

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.4.1.39-47 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qais H. Alsafasfeh

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Energy System ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Efficient System ◽

Power Sources ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

The Cost

Most recent research on renewable energy resources main one goal to make Jordan less dependent on imported energy with locally developed and produced solar power, this paper discussed the efficient system of Wind/ PV Hybrid System to be than main power sources for south part of Jordan, the proposed hybrid system design based on Smart Grid Methodology, the solar energy will be installed on top roof of electricity subscribers across the Governorate of Maan, Tafila, Karak and Aqaba and the wind energy will set in one site by this way the capital cost for project will be reduced also the simulation result show the feasibility is a very competitive and feasible cost . Economics analysis of a proposed renewable energy system was made using HOMER simulation and evaluation was completed with the cost per kilowatt of EDCO company, the net present cost is $2,551,676,416, the cost of energy is 0.07kWhr with a renewable fraction of 86.6 %.

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Comparative Economic Analysis of Concentrating Solar Technologies

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4007936 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Brandon Duquette ◽

Todd Otanicar

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Energy System ◽

Solar Thermal ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Solar Thermal Power ◽

The Cost

One of the noted benefits of concentrating photovoltaics (PV) is the reduced cell area which results in reduction of the overall system cost. A variety of studies have looked at the cost for concentrating PV systems and made comparisons to concentrating solar thermal power plants, typically resulting in concentrating solar thermal power having lower system costs. Recently, a widespread design space was assessed for the potential efficiency improvements possible with a coupled hybrid PV/thermal solar energy system for electricity generation. The analysis showed that modest efficiency improvements could be made but no assessment of the economic impact was made. Although modest efficiency gains can be made, such a hybrid system requires more components than one of the conventional stand alone concentrating solar power plant on its own resulting in significantly different system costs. As a result, we look to compare the overall system costs of three different solar power technologies: concentrating PV, concentrating solar thermal, and the concentrating hybrid approach. Additionally, we will focus on documenting the necessary hybrid efficiencies to make a hybrid system competitive as well as the feasibility and means for achieving these efficiencies.

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Comparative Energy Cost Analysis of Hybrid System and Diesel Generator in Powering Selected Base Transceiver Stations in Nigeria

Volume 6: Energy ◽

10.1115/imece2017-71212 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh ◽

Tien-Chien Jen ◽

Nosa Idusuyi ◽

Olushola Gbadeyan

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy System ◽

Base Station ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Hybrid Energy System ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Prohibitive Cost ◽

The Cost

The rapid increase in global communication infrastructure in developing countries has drawn significant attention to the telecom sector. However, the dismal performance of the power sector in some countries like Nigeria poses a great challenge to the telecom industry which requires a reliable, efficient and environmentally friendly energy supply. Unstable electric grids, an erratic power supply, non-availability of trained and skilled personnel, and a prohibitive cost of site maintenance cumulatively have increased the need to harness abundant renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. A comparative study of the viability of solar-diesel hybrid against diesel-only generator systems in powering a base station using the cost of kilowatt hour (kWh) self-generated electricity and levelised cost of energy (LCOE) was undertaken using data from some sites located in the Southwest (SW) and the Northeast (NE) regions of Nigeria. Homer Pro Software was used in data analysis. The results obtained showed that with a hybrid energy system (solar and diesel generator), there were 79% savings in fuel consumption, 83.2% savings in operation and maintenance cost for the hybrid energy system in the SW. The savings on fueling as a result of the use of hybrid systems was 86%, and the carbon footprint reduction was 76%. Furthermore, the cost of operation was reduced by 51% for Northeast. The LCOE for the solar hybrid system was determined to be $1.44 for NE1A and NE1B while that of NE2A was $1.46 and NE2B $1.47.

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Investigation of common-mode voltage and ground leakage current of grid-connected transformerless PV inverter topology

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i1a2217 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Atanda K. Raji ◽

Mohamed T. E. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Leakage Current ◽

Energy System ◽

Common Mode ◽

System Cost ◽

Pv Inverter ◽

Common Mode Voltage ◽

The Cost ◽

Isolation Transformer ◽

Inverter Topology

The problems of increasing electricity demand by the unabated population and economy growth can be solved by employing sustainable distributed generation technologies. Convectional primary energy sources such as coal, liquid hydrocarbons’ and natural gasses create environmental degradation and energy security problems. Even though the cost of solar energy is zero, the same cannot be said of a solar energy system. The system cost especially the initial capital investment has been hindering the rapid deployment of solar energy systems. One way of reducing the system cost of a solar energy system is to look into the constituent components and see where cost can be reduced without compromising the system efficiency and human safety. Eliminating the isolation transformer reduces the cost and increases the system overall efficiency. However, the galvanic connection between the PV array and the utility grid creates a safety problem for people and system equipment. We present a simplified model for the investigation of the common mode voltage and ground leakage current that can lead to electromagnetic interference. The leakage current level is used for the determination of the suitability of the investigated PV inverter topology for grid connection without isolation transformer.

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An interactive approach for solar energy system: design and manufacturing

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4478-4489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 4478

Author(s):

Benbaziz Djallal Eddine Mahdi ◽

Hassini Abdelatif ◽

Mohammed Amine Zafrane

Keyword(s):

Search Algorithm ◽

Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Energy System ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Virtual Design ◽

Interactive Approach ◽

System Energy ◽

The Cost

The energy production in the word is a very complex problem with decreasing the pollution. Therefore, the aim is to find an optimal solution, this research focuses on the development and the optimization of parabolic concentrator using an interactivity approach and virtual design tools. Recently, several works have been developed in this area. In this study, a new conception, design Optimization approach has been involved in system energy design including new concept. The design strategy has been successfully applied to design problems. The optimizer tool developed for based on Heuristic: Gravitational Search Algorithm. The results of the presented in this paper are significant in the system energy design, which presents an effective approach of development by reducing the cost of installation, the time of analysis by increasing the radiation and solar flux concentrated within the parabola generating an increase in accumulated energy.

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OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLY REINFORCED RC BEAMS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i2.2017.1724 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 199-207

Author(s):

Stency Mariam Thomas ◽

Prince Arulraj. G

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Concrete Beams ◽

Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽

Rc Beams ◽

Total Cost ◽

Software Optimization ◽

Economical Design ◽

Constrained Minimization Problem ◽

The Cost

The main objective of this paper is to achieve an optimal design for the reinforced concrete beams. Optimization of beams results in saving in cost. The objective function is to minimize the total cost of the beam. The cost of each beam includes the cost of concrete, reinforcement and formwork. The optimization process is done for different grades of concrete and steel to determine the best grade of concrete and steel. The optimal design is carried out using MATLAB's (The Mathworks, Inc.) software. Optimization problem is formulated as a Nonlinear constrained minimization problem. This was solved using the fmincon SQP Algorithm. Many problems were solved and it was found that the solutions give the most economical design.

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Comparative Economic Analysis of Concentrating Solar Technologies

Volume 4: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; Combustion Science and Engineering; Nanoengineering for Energy, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2011-63956 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Duquette ◽

Todd Otanicar

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Energy System ◽

Solar Thermal ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Solar Thermal Power ◽

The Cost

One of the noted benefits of concentrating photovoltaics (PV) is the reduced cell area which results in reduction of the overall system cost. A variety of studies have looked at the cost for concentrating PV systems and made comparisons to concentrating solar thermal power plants, typically resulting in concentrating solar thermal power having lower system costs. Recently a widespread design space was assessed for the potential efficiency improvements possible with a coupled hybrid PV/thermal solar energy system for electricity generation. The analysis showed that modest efficiency improvements could be made but no assessment of the economic impact was made. Although modest efficiency gains can be made such a hybrid system requires more components than one of the conventional stand alone concentrating solar power plant on its own resulting in significantly different system costs. As a result we look to compare the overall system costs of three different solar power technologies: concentrating PV, concentrating solar thermal, and the concentrating hybrid approach. Additionally we will focus on documenting the necessary hybrid efficiencies to make a hybrid system competitive as well as the feasibility and means for achieving these efficiencies.

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