scholarly journals Cavitation patterns in high-pressure homogenization nozzles with cylindrical orifices: Influence of mixing stream in Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gall ◽  
E. Rütten ◽  
H. P. Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Process Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Cavitation Intensity ◽  
Droplet Sizes

AbstractHigh-pressure homogenization is the state of the art to produce high-quality emulsions with droplet sizes in the submicron range. In simultaneous homogenization and mixing (SHM), an additional mixing stream is inserted into a modified homogenization nozzle in order to create synergies between the unit operation homogenization and mixing. In this work, the influence of the mixing stream on cavitation patterns after a cylindrical orifice is investigated. Shadow-graphic images of the cavitation patterns were taken using a high-speed camera and an optically accessible mixing chamber. Results show that adding the mixing stream can contribute to coalescence of cavitation bubbles. Choked cavitation was observed at higher cavitation numbers σ with increasing mixing stream. The influence of the mixing stream became more significant at a higher orifice to outlet ratio, where a hydraulic flip was also observed at higher σ. The decrease of cavitation intensity with increasing back-pressure was found to be identical with conventional high-pressure homogenization. In the future, the results can be taken into account in the SHM process design to improve the efficiency of droplet break-up by preventing cavitation or at least hydraulic flip.

scholarly journals The Effect of pH and High-Pressure Homogenization on Droplet Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Ah Pis Yong ◽  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Nurul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Basil Oil

The aims of this study are to revisit the effect of high pressure on homogenization and the influence of pH on the emulsion droplet sizes. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) involves two stages of processing, where the first stage involves in blending the coarse emulsion by a blender, and the second stage requires disruption of the coarse emulsion into smaller droplets by a high-pressure homogenizer. The pressure range in this review is in between 10-500 MPa. The homogenised droplet sizes can be reduced by increasing the homogenization recirculation, and there is a threshold point beyond that by applying pressure only, the size cannot be further reduced. Normally, homogenised emulsions are classified by their degree of kinetic stability. Dispersed phase present in the form of droplets while continuous phase also known as suspended droplets. With a proper homogenization recirculation and pressure, a more kinetically stable emulsion can be produced. The side effects of increasing homogenization pressure are that it can cause overprocessing of the emulsion droplets where the droplet sizes become larger rather than the expected smaller size. This can cause kinetic instability in the emulsion. The droplet size is usually measured by dynamic light scattering or by laser light scattering technique. The type of samples used in this reviews are such as chocolate and vanilla based powders; mean droplet sizes samples; basil oil; tomato; lupin protein; oil; skim milk, soymilk; coconut milk; tomato homogenate; corn; egg-yolk, rapeseed and sunflower; Poly(4-vinylpyridine)/silica; and Complex 1 until complex 4 approaches from author case study. A relationship is developed between emulsion size and pH. Results clearly show that lower pH offers smaller droplet of emulsion and the opposite occurs when the pH is increased.

Effects of high-speed homogenization and high-pressure homogenization on structure of tomato residue fibers

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua ◽  
Shanan Xu ◽  
Mingming Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Discarded Cotton Fibers through Catalyst Preloaded Fenton Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xianmeng Xu ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Shunmin Wang ◽  
Mengqi Huang ◽  
Shenglong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization

With rapid developments in science and technology, mankind is faced with the dual severe challenges of obtaining needed resources and protecting the environment. The need for sustainable development strategies has become a global consensus. As the most abundant biological resource on Earth, cellulose is an inexhaustible, natural, and renewable polymer. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) offers the advantages of abundant raw materials, high strength, and good degradability. Simultaneously, MFC prepared from natural materials has high practical significance due to its potential application in nanocomposites. In this study, we reported the preparation of MFCs from discarded cotton with short fibers by a combination of Fe2+ catalyst-preloading Fenton oxidation and a high-pressure homogenization cycle method. Lignin was removed from the discarded cotton with an acetic acid and sodium chlorite mixed solution. Then, the cotton was treated with NaOH solution to obtain cotton cellulose and oxidized using Fenton oxidation to obtain Fenton-oxidized cotton cellulose. The carboxylic acid content of the oxidized cotton cellulose was 126.87 μmol/g, and the zeta potential was −43.42 mV. Then, the Fenton-oxidized cotton cellulose was treated in a high-speed blender under a high-pressure homogenization cycle to obtain the MFC with a yield of 91.58%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that cotton cellulose was effectively oxidized by Fe2+ catalyst-preloading Fenton oxidation. The diameter of the MFC ranged from several nanometers to a few micrometers as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crystallinity index (CrI) of the MFC was 83.52% according to X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the thermal stability of the MFC was slightly reduced compared to cotton cellulose, as seen through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The use of catalyst-preloading Fenton oxidation technology, based on the principles of microreactors, along with high-pressure homogenization, was a promising technique to prepare MFCs from discarded cotton.

scholarly journals High pressure homogenization is a key unit operation in inclusion body processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 100022
Author(s):  
Britta Eggenreich ◽  
David Johannes Wurm ◽  
Vignesh Rajamanickam ◽  
Robert Klausser ◽  
Christoph Slouka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Unit Operation

Triticale crop residue: a cheap material for high performance nanofibrillated cellulose

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3141-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Boufi ◽  
Alessandro Gandini
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Disintegration Process

Nanofibrillated cellulose from triticale straws were produced using high-pressure homogenization and conventional high-speed blender for the disintegration process. The energy demand for the disintegration process was shown to depend on delignification and pretreatment.

scholarly journals Study of In Vitro and In Vivo Carbamazepine Release from Coarse and Nanometric Pharmaceutical Emulsions Obtained via Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Juan D. Echeverri ◽  
Maria J. Alhajj ◽  
Nicolle Montero ◽  
Cristhian J. Yarce ◽  
Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Model Drug

In the past decade, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has proven to be a promising alternative for improving the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical features for conventional pharmaceutical drug formulations. The goal of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo release of the model drug carbamazepine (CBZ) from two emulsified formulations with different droplet sizes (coarse and nanometric). Briefly, oil-in-water emulsions were developed using (i) Sacha inchi oil, ultrapure water, TweenTM 80, and SpanTM 80 as surfactants, (ii) methyl-paraben and propyl-paraben as preservatives, and (iii) CBZ as a nonpolar model drug. The coarse and nanometric emulsions were prepared by rotor–stator dispersion and ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), respectively. The in vitro drug release studies were conducted by dialysis, whereas the in vivo drug release was evaluated in New Zealand breed rabbits. The results showed that nanoemulsions were physically more stable than coarse emulsions, and that CBZ had a very low release for in vitro determination (<2%), and a release of 20% in the in vivo study. However, it was found that nanoemulsions could significantly increase drug absorption time from 12 h to 45 min.

scholarly journals Comparison of oil-in-water emulsions prepared by ultrasound, high-pressure homogenization and high-speed homogenization

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 105885
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Wangang Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
Ruyu Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Oil In Water
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document