Effect of chronic ethanol consumption and acetaldehyde on partial reactions of oxidative phosphorylation and CO2 production from citric acid cycle intermediates

1976 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur I. Cederbaum ◽  
Charles S. Lieber ◽  
Emanuel Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Chronic Ethanol Consumption

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Downregulates Core Subunits of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Reminiscent of the Warburg Effect in Cancer Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerresheim ◽  
Roeb ◽  
Michel ◽  
Niepmann
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Warburg Effect

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) mainly infects liver hepatocytes and replicates its single-stranded plus strand RNA genome exclusively in the cytoplasm. Viral proteins and RNA interfere with the host cell immune response, allowing the virus to continue replication. Therefore, in about 70% of cases, the viral infection cannot be cleared by the immune system, but a chronic infection is established, often resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Induction of cancer in the host cells can be regarded to provide further advantages for ongoing virus replication. One adaptation in cancer cells is the enhancement of cellular carbohydrate flux in glycolysis with a reduction of the activity of the citric acid cycle and aerobic oxidative phosphorylation. To this end, HCV downregulates the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex core subunits quite early after infection. This so-called aerobic glycolysis is known as the “Warburg Effect” and serves to provide more anabolic metabolites upstream of the citric acid cycle, such as amino acids, pentoses and NADPH for cancer cell growth. In addition, HCV deregulates signaling pathways like those of TNF-β and MAPK by direct and indirect mechanisms, which can lead to fibrosis and HCC.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Pyruvate Metabolism: Role of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine Zangari ◽  
Francesco Petrelli ◽  
Benoît Maillot ◽  
Jean-Claude Martinou
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvate Metabolism ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier

Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, plays a major role in cell metabolism. Produced in the cytosol, it is oxidized in the mitochondria where it fuels the citric acid cycle and boosts oxidative phosphorylation. Its sole entry point into mitochondria is through the recently identified mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). In this review, we report the latest findings on the physiology of the MPC and we discuss how a dysfunctional MPC can lead to diverse pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Diseases: Pathophysiology, Predictive Biomarkers, Therapeutic

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Cellular Processes

Mitochondria are important sites for a variety of cellular processes, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, the citric acid cycle, nitrogen metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP [...]

scholarly journals Emodin and rhein in Cassia tora ameliorates activity of mitochondrial enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the retina of diabetic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ko ◽  
Min Young Um ◽  
Taewon Han ◽  
Sooim Shin ◽  
Moonsung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Acid Cycle

AbstractCassia tora is an annual herb, which has pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. Accordingly, its effect on diabetes has been well-studied. However, it is unclear whether it has an effect on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetes. In this study, the effects of emodin and rhein in C. tora seed ethanolic extract (ER/CSEE) on retinal mitochondrial function were examined in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased mitochondrial function followed by compensatory increase in the expression levels of mitochondrial enzymes. However, ER/CSEE treatment for 12 weeks ameliorated the activity of retinal mitochondrial complexes and reduced the expression level of enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, except that of complex II and citrate synthase in citric acid cycle. This suggests that repairing capacity of enzymes in electron transport chain and citric acid cycle of mitochondria are different in response to the metabolic state. Therefore, it concluded that emodin and rhein play a pharmacological role in fat metabolism by influencing activities of enzymes in citric acid cycle linked with beta-oxidation in retina.

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