Effects of long-term anti-shark measures on target and non-target species in Queensland, Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Target Species

The longevity and efficacy of 1080 meat baits used for dingo control in central Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Steve R. Eldridge ◽  
Glenn P. Edwards ◽  
Bernie J. Shakeshaft ◽  
Nicki D. dePreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Bodies ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Artificial Water

In central Australia, most 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) meat baits placed on soil in predator-proof cages remained toxic to dingoes, foxes and feral cats for at least 8 months regardless of whether they were protected from rain or not. Thus, untaken baits will remain a potential hazard to non-target species, particularly farm dogs, for a considerable period. However, when dingo-control programs were monitored (n = 3 stations), approximately 85% of meat baits were taken within 4 days. Dingo-control programs were undertaken on three stations by placing 1080 meat baits near water points (bores) with known dingo activity. Baiting was effective on two stations but not on the third. Where successful, dingo numbers were reduced by 50–70%. The failure on the third station was not due to the lack of bait-take as approximately 80% of these baits were taken within 4 days; it was probably caused by the presence of ephemeral water-bodies that could not be baited. However, this technique was effective in removing those dingoes that utilised the artificial water points, and hence were likely to be interacting with cattle. Such an outcome has benefits to both conservation and the pastoral industry, as problem dogs are removed without placing the long-term survival of dingoes at risk.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic analysis of the effects of modifying the trawl extension piece with T90 netting

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (S1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Sola ◽  
Francesc Maynou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Red Mullet ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

We assessed the effect of the European discards ban on the profitability of bottom trawlers in a case study fishery (GSA06, NW Mediterranean) in the transition period 2017-2018, when the species that characterize the fishery, viz. hake and red mullet, fall under the discards ban. We used the results of Sola and Maynou (2018) to simulate the adoption of a modified bottom trawl design using a T90 extension net to reduce the catches of undersize hake and red mullet. Our results show that the economic impact of the former discards brought to land on the fisheries operators is expected to be low, regardless of the possible commercial use of these unwanted catches. Furthermore, the adoption of a more selective bottom trawl design would increase the escape of undersize individuals and likely reduce fishing mortality of the target species, contributing to stock rebuilding and providing higher income to the fisheries operators in the medium to long term.

Long-term movement patterns of continental shelf and inner gulf snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae) from tagging in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moran ◽  
C. Burton ◽  
J. Jenke
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Pagrus Auratus ◽  
Low Levels

Snapper is an important commercial and recreational target species in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia. The present study aimed to define the range of movements of snapper by tagging in the two inner gulfs of Shark Bay and on oceanic fishing grounds adjacent to the Bay. Recaptures by fishers fell to low levels within 4 years after tagging, but small numbers of recaptures were still being made up to 15 years after release. There was no mixing of snapper populations between the two inner gulfs nor was there any movement between the ocean and the inner bay. This supports genetic and other evidence for the existence of several separate stocks in the region. Snapper of the ocean stock were mostly recaptured within 20 km of their release point, although a few fish moved long distances of up to 370 km southwards along the continental shelf. The tagged snapper tended to become more dispersed along the shelf with increasing years at liberty. Yet, an empirical model indicated that of the snapper recruiting to the main oceanic fishing grounds near Koks Island, which have a mean life expectancy in the fishery of 1.5 years, 76% would remain within 93 km (50 nautical miles), even after 6 years. The distinct stocks and their movement characteristics are significant for snapper fishery management in the Shark Bay region.

Long-term automated monitoring of the distribution of small carnivores

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. King ◽  
R. M. McDonald ◽  
R. D. Martin ◽  
G. W. Tempero ◽  
S. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Digital Photograph ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Automated Monitoring ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Mustela Furo ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tracking Tunnels

A new automated monitoring device for small carnivores, the Scentinel®, is a ‘smart’ tracking tunnel. It records time, date, weight and a digital photograph of every animal visiting it, and stores the data to be downloaded on command. This paper describes a field trial aiming, first, to verify the Scentinel’s species identifications against those given by footprint tracking papers, and then to compare the efficacy of routine monitoring with the Scentinel against standard tunnel tracking methods. In February–April 2005 we identified to species 98% of 1559 visiting animals, mainly hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), ferrets (Mustela furo), cats (Felis catus) and rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus) in 1718 Scentinel-nights. In May–June 2005 we set up three monitoring lines 1 km apart, each with 10 tracking tunnels and two Scentinels. We recorded 656 visits by ship rats (Rattus rattus), 88% of them on only one of the three lines, in 198 Scentinel-nights (over 5 weeks). The 30 footprint tracking tunnels set intermittently (360 trap-nights) recorded high (70–100%) tracking rates on all lines. The presence of a stoat (Mustela erminea) was detected by both methods, but earlier by Scentinels than by tracking tunnels. These results confirm that it is possible to use automated devices to record detailed monitoring data on small carnivores in remote areas over long periods, unaffected by interference or bait loss from common non-target species.

scholarly journals Macroinvertebrates of the Iranian running waters: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Sharifinia
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract A comprehensive review of macroinvertebrate studies conducted along the Iranian running waters over the last 15 years has been made by providing the most updated checklist of the Iranian running waters benthic invertebrates. Running waters ecosystems are complex environments known for their importance in terms of biodiversity. As part of the analysis, we endeavored to provide the critical re-identification of the reported species by through comparisons with the database of the Animal Diversity Web (ADW) and appropriate literature sources or expert knowledge. A total of 126 species belonging to 4 phyla have been compiled from 57 references. The phylum Arthropoda was found to comprise the most taxa (n = 104) followed by Mollusca, Annelida and Platyhelminthes. Ongoing efforts in the Iranian running waters regarding biomonitoring indices development, testing, refinement and validation are yet to be employed in streams and rivers. Overall, we suggest that future macroinvertebrate studies in Iranian running waters should be focused on long-term changes by broadening target species and strong efforts to publish data in peer-reviewed journals in English.

scholarly journals Elucidating Patterns in the Occurrence of Threatened Ground-Dwelling Marsupials Using Camera-Traps

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claridge ◽  
Paull ◽  
Welbourne
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Survey Effort

Establishing trends in endangered fauna against management efforts is a key but often challenging enterprise. Camera-traps offer a new and literal window into monitoring many different mammalian species. Getting it right demands seeking baseline information about how often target species interact with these devices, prior to setting a long-term monitoring strategy. We used a camera-trap array to collect detection data on three species of threatened ground-dwelling marsupials in south-eastern mainland Australia. Over a four-year period, occupancy estimates for two species of bandicoot (southern brown bandicoot Isoodon obesulus and long-nosed bandicoot Perameles nasuta) and a single species of rat-kangaroo (long-nosed potoroo Potorous tridatylus) were generated. These estimates were variously robust depending on visitation history, but nevertheless indicated persistence of these rare and otherwise under threat species. Detection probability for each species differed between study areas, type of management and with complexity of ground and shrub vegetation cover. The relationship between detection and vegetation structure dictated that survey effort was only robust where conditions were optimal for a given species. Outside of that further survey effort would be required to have confidence in survey outcome. In the future this would demand a different sampling strategy, be that through lengthening survey time or adding additional camera units at sites.

The performance of wombat gates in controlling wildlife movement through a predator fence

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Term Management

Because of the ubiquitous and intractable threat posed by fox predation in many parts of south-east Australia, exclusion fences are increasingly seen as playing an important role in the long-term management of some biodiversity reserves. However, while fences can help to reduce predation pressure on populations of small to medium-sized vertebrates, they may also restrict the movement of non-target species and require maintenance to ensure their continued effectiveness. One of the challenges facing conservation agencies is to construct fences that reduce maintenance costs while reliably and selectively controlling the movement of desirable and undesirable species into and out of areas of conservation significance. In this study 10 custom-designed ‘wombat gates’ were monitored with motion-detecting cameras to determine whether they remained an effective barrier to foxes and other taxa after more than a decade of operation. Wombats and echidnas frequently passed through gates while foxes and black wallabies were apparently unable or unwilling to use them. This type of gate may prove valuable in the management of fenced conservation reserves.

scholarly journals First in, first served: uptake of 1080 poison fox baits in south-west Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. Dundas ◽  
Peter J. Adams ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Passes

Context In Western Australia, baits containing 1080 poison are widely used to control the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) for fauna conservation. Despite long-term (15–17 years) baiting programs, bait uptake by target and non-target species is largely unknown, but affects baiting efficacy. Aims We examined bait uptake of 1080-poisoned fox baits laid according to current practice at seven riparian sites in the northern jarrah forest (of south-west Western Australia). There, intensive baiting regimes have been implemented for the protection of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations. Methods Over 9 months, 299 Probait® baits were monitored regularly to determine their persistence, and, at 142 of these, Reconyx HC500 remote cameras were used to identify the species taking baits. To compare bait uptake with species presence at these sites, we calculated an activity index for each species from the number of passes of animals in front of the cameras. Key results The species taking baits was identified for 100 of the baits monitored with cameras, and, because of multiple species taking baits, 130 bait take incidents were recorded in total. The fate of 40 of the baits was not discernible and two baits were not removed. In all, 99% of baits monitored by cameras were taken by non-target species and quokkas took 48% of them. The majority of baits (62% of the total 299 monitored) were taken before or on the first night of deployment, and 95% of baits had been taken within 7 days. With the exception of feral pigs, which took more baits than predicted from their activity index at these sites, baits were taken in proportion to the activity index of species. Foxes were present at four of the seven sites, but only one fox was observed taking a bait. Conclusions The high level of uptake of baits by non-target animals reflects their diversity and abundance at these sites, but also significantly reduces the availability of baits to control foxes. Implications Strategies to reduce non-target bait uptake and increase bait availability for foxes are required.

Sodium fluoroacetate residues and carcass degradation of free-ranging feral pigs poisoned with 1080

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Muscle Concentration ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Microbial Action

Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) residues in muscle and liver of free-ranging feral pigs, poisoned with 1080-treated grain in a range of habitats, were determined. The incidence of vomiting, and the degradation of poisoned carcasses were also monitored. The maximum recorded concentrations in muscle (n = 79) and liver (n = 16) were 2.42 and 4.28 µg g–1 tissue, respectively. Mean (±s.d.) concentrations were 0.702 ± 0.535 and 0.635 ± 1.091 µg g–1, respectively. Muscle concentration in pigs sampled within 24 h of death were similar between those pigs poisoned with wheat (0.993 µg g–1, n = 21) and malted barley (1.012 µg g–1, n = 20) (P > 0.05), but muscle residues may have been lower in those pigs poisoned with lupin bait (0.178 µg g–1, n = 3). Muscle concentrations were also lower in those pigs sampled 24–48 h after death (0.481 µg g–1, n = 13) (P = 0.004). There were no differences between the sexes (northern rangeland: mean, females 0.883, males 0.869 µg g–1; agricultural: mean, 0.420 and 0.324 µg g–1) (P > 0.05), but adult pigs had lower muscle concentrations than did non-adult pigs (P < 0.001). There was no evidence of vomiting by any recovered poisoned pigs (n = 85), and all but one stomach contained substantial amounts of bait and other foods. Scavengers (mainly raptors) rapidly consumed poisoned pigs weighing <16 kg, within 2 days with no apparent ill-effects. Poisoned adults (≥25 kg) were scavenged less frequently but, because of microbial action and the activity of invertebrates (e.g. fly larvae), these pigs were degraded within 7–10 days (i.e. no longer represented a potential food source for vertebrates). The levels of residues recorded were such that 1080-poisoned pig carcasses pose little potential risk to the long-term viability of non-target species.

Automated identification of field-recorded songs of four British grasshoppers using bioacoustic signal recognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Chesmore ◽  
E. Ohya
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Time Domain Signal ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
Signal Coding

AbstractRecognition of Orthoptera species by means of their song is widely used in field work but requires expertise. It is now possible to develop computer-based systems to achieve the same task with a number of advantages including continuous long term unattended operation and automatic species logging. The system described here achieves automated discrimination between different species by utilizing a novel time domain signal coding technique and an artificial neural network. The system has previously been shown to recognize 25 species of British Orthoptera with 99% accuracy for good quality sounds. This paper tests the system on field recordings of four species of grasshopper in northern England in 2002 and shows that it is capable of not only correctly recognizing the target species under a range of acoustic conditions but also of recognizing other sounds such as birds and man-made sounds. Recognition accuracies for the four species of typically 70–100% are obtained for field recordings with varying sound intensities and background signals.

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