Econmics of desalination in water resource management - a comparison of alternative water resources for arid/semi arid zones in developing countries

More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas. The fastest growing megacities are occurring mainly in developing countries, where stresses on water systems already pose major challenges for governments and water utilities. Climate change is expected to further burden water resource management, putting at risk governments’ ability to guarantee secure supplies and sustainable development. In this study, the significance of assessing the implications of climate change on water resources in megacities as an important component of the adaptation process is explored. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), one of the largest cities in the world, is presented as a case study. The downscaled outputs of the General Circulation Model GFDLCM2a for the A1B and B1 gas emissions scenarios for the period 2046–2081 and a statistical model were used to simulate the likely impacts of climate change in water resources and domestic water demand. The results showed that an increase in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns could increase household water demand for both scenarios, between 0.8% and 6.3% in the MCMA. The future projections also estimated increases of 150% and 200% in events with rainfall intensity of more than 60 mm d-1 and 70 mm d-1 respectively, drawing attention to the critical impacts these changes may have on flood events. Despite the uncertainty of models projections, future climate change scenarios have proven to be a flexible guide to identify vulnerabilities of water resources and support strategic adaptation planning. In order to increase their adaptive capacity and resilience to the effects of an uncertain climate change, megacities should consider implementing an integrated water resources management approach that creates opportunities through adequate policies, new technologies, flexible frameworks and innovative actions.

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Water Resources Management in the Semi-Arid Central Valley of California

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0071 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

J. J. Vasconcelos

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Central Valley ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Ground Water Resource ◽

Semi Arid

Hater resource managers in semi-arid regions are faced with some unique problems. The wide variations in precipitation and stream flows in semi-arid regions increase man's dependence on the ground water resource for an ample and reliable supply of water. Proper management of the ground water resource is absolutely essential to the economic well being of semi-arid regions. Historians have discovered the remains of vanished advanced civilizations based on irrigated agriculture which were ignorant of the importance of proper ground water resource management. In the United States a great deal of effort is presently being expended in the study and control of toxic discharges to the ground water resource. What many public policy makers fail to understand is that the potential loss to society resulting from the mineralization of the ground water resource is potentially much greater than the loss caused by toxic wastes discharges, particularly in developing countries. Appropriations for ground water resource management studies in developed countries such as the United States are presently much less than those for toxic wastes management and should be increased. It is the reponsibility of the water resource professional to emphasize to public policy makers the importance of ground water resource management. Applications of ground water resource management models in the semi-arid Central Valley of California are presented. The results demonstrate the need for proper ground water resource management practices in semi-arid regions and the use of ground water management models as a valuable tool for the water resource manager.

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Women, Water & Well-Being: A Case Study of ‘Kuttadampadam’ in Palakkad, Kerala

Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities ◽

10.34293/sijash.v7i1.534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

V Shinju ◽

Aswathi Prasad

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Well Being ◽

Starting Point ◽

Role Of Women

The natural resources are repository for the survival of all of us, so they must be used efficiently to meet the present needs while conserving them for future generations. An action to develop capacities from global to household levels for their sustainable management and regulation is required henceforth. Of these natural resources, water resources are most precious. If there is no water; there would be no life on earth. Since ‘water is the elixir of life’, water resource management has been considered as one of the most relevant areas of intervention. Understanding the gender dimensions of water resource management is a starting point for reversing the degradation of water resources. Women play an important role here since they have to access the water resources for almost all the activities on a daily basis. As the women are the strong social agents, effective and improved water preservation techniques could be achieved through their empowerment that may eventually lead to the well-being of the households in particular and of the community in general. Therefore, the major research question posed in this study is to analyze the role of women in the preservation and management of water, an inevitable, precious but diminishing natural resource. The study also intends to describe the relationship between the three ‘W's-Women, Water & Well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are essential here as it is a contingent issue in the present scenario. Psychological dimensions were also explored since the issue is affecting the routine life of the community. The case study of women belonging to the Kuttadampadam region was done to explain the role of women in preserving water resources in the areas affecting severe water scarcity.

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Online Command Area Water Resource Management System

APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies ◽

10.34306/csit.v5i2.141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

P. Pallavi ◽

Shaik Salam

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Web Gis ◽

Command Area ◽

Space Technology ◽

Server Side

Water is an important, but often ignored element in sustainable development by now it has been clear that urgent action is needed to avoid global water crisis. Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Successful management of water resources requires accurate knowledge of their resource distribution to meet up the competing demands and mechanisms to make good decisions using advanced recent technologies.Towards evolving comprehensive management plan in suitable conservation and utilization of water resources space technology plays a crucial role in managing country’s available water resources. Systematic approaches involving judicious combination of conventional server side scripting programming and remote sensing techniques pave way for achieving optimum planning and operational of water resources projects. new methodologies and 24/7 accessible system need to be built, these by reducing the dependency on complex infrastructure an specialist domain Open source web GIS systems have proven their rich in application of server side scripting and easy to use client application tools. Present study and implementation aims to provide wizard based or easily driven tools online for command area management practices. In this large endeavour modules for handling remote sensing data, online raster processing, statistics and indices generation will be developed.

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Capacity Building in Water Resource Management in Developing Countries

Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals - Clean Water and Sanitation ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_176-1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Rama Devi Nandineni ◽

Shanta Pragyan Dash

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Resource Management ◽

Capacity Building ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management

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Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2661

Author(s):

Yongfen Zhang ◽

Chongjun Tang ◽

Aizhong Ye ◽

Taihui Zheng ◽

Xiaofei Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Land Use Change ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Green Water ◽

Precipitation Changes ◽

Ganjiang River Basin

Quantitatively figuring out the effects of climate and land-use change on water resources and their components is essential for water resource management. This study investigates the effects of climate and land-use change on blue and green water and their components in the upper Ganjiang River basin from the 1980s to the 2010s by comparing the simulated changes in blue and green water resources by using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced by five climate and land-use scenarios. The results suggest that the blue water flow (BWF) decreased by 86.03 mm year−1, while green water flow (GWF) and green water storage (GWS) increased by 8.61 mm year−1 and 12.51 mm year−1, respectively. The spatial distribution of blue and green water was impacted by climate, wind direction, topography, and elevation. Climate change was the main factor affecting blue and green water resources in the basin; land-use change had strong effects only locally. Precipitation changes significantly amplified the BWF changes. The proportion of surface runoff in BWF was positively correlated with precipitation changes; lateral flow showed the opposite tendency. Higher temperatures resulted in increased GWF and decreased BWF, both of which were most sensitive to temperature increases up to 1 °C. All agricultural land and forestland conversion scenarios resulted in decreased BWF and increased GWF in the watershed. GWS was less affected by climate and land-use change than GWF and BWF, and the trends in GWS were not significant. The study provides a reference for blue and green water resource management in humid areas.

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Examining ‘willingness to participate’ in community-based water resource management in a transboundary conservation area in Central America

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2016.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1334-1352 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jyoti S. Jennewein ◽

Kelly W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Community Based ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Transboundary Conservation ◽

Access To Water

Operationalizing integrated water resource management (IWRM) often involves decentralization of water management via community-based management (CBM). While attention has been given to the components leading to successful CBM, less is known about what factors motivate people's willingness to participate (WTP) in such programs. This study analyzed factors that influence household WTP in CBM in a transboundary watershed located where El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras converge – the Trifinio Region. Several variables were hypothesized to influence WTP: sense of community (SOC), dependence on water resources, level of concern for water resources, and socio-economic characteristics. In 2014, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 62 households in five communities. Most respondents reported high levels of WTP in future CBM initiatives, and multivariate regression analysis revealed that SOC was the most important predictor of WTP, with wealth and perceptions of watershed management also statistically significant. Qualitative analyses revealed water availability was more concerning than water quality, and perceptions of inequitable access to water is an important constraint to developing CBM strategies. Taken together, these results suggest that enhancing SOC and relationships between local and regional levels of governance prior to establishing community-based projects would facilitate more success in implementing IWRM.

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Scope/need of soft path water resource management in developing countries

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2007.109 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5-6) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.T. Amin ◽

M. Han

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Small Scale ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Environmentally Sound

The goal of this paper is to identify the major outlines of innovative, integrated and decentralized water management practices, training, research, and development needs in various aspects of soft path water resource management in developing countries of Asia. The decentralized water strategies including science, regulations, training, government policies, and funding for some of the developing countries in Asian region are reviewed. There are two primary ways or paths of meeting water-related needs; one the “hard” path, and the other “soft” path that complements mainly decentralized and open decision-making, application of efficient technology, and environmental protection. One of the soft path decentralized solution being implemented in many developing countries of Asia is small scale rainwater harvesting and management and both government and non-government sectors are promoting the practice on a regional community and family basis. Overall, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing development of environmentally sound and economically viable approaches to water management in the developing world.

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Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13236268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 6268

Author(s):

Aditya Dinesh Gupta ◽

Prerna Pandey ◽

Andrés Feijóo ◽

Zaher Mundher Yaseen ◽

Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Distribution System ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Smart Water

According to the United Nation’s World Water Development Report, by 2050 more than 50% of the world’s population will be under high water scarcity. To avoid water stress, water resources are needed to be managed more securely. Smart water technology (SWT) has evolved for proper management and saving of water resources. Smart water system (SWS) uses sensor, information, and communication technology (ICT) to provide real-time monitoring of data such as pressure, water ow, water quality, moisture, etc. with the capability to detect any abnormalities such as non-revenue water (NRW) losses, water contamination in the water distribution system (WDS). It makes water and energy utilization more efficient in the water treatment plant and agriculture. In addition, the standardization of data format i.e., use of Water Mark UP language 2.0 has made data exchange easier for between different water authorities. This review research exhibits the current state-of-the-art of the on-going SWT along with present challenges and future scope on the mentioned technologies. A conclusion is drawn that smart technologies can lead to better water resource management, which can lead to the reduction of water scarcity worldwide. High implementation cost may act as a barrier to the implementation of SWT in developing countries, whereas data security and its reliability along with system ability to give accurate results are some of the key challenges in its field implementation.

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