Cell lineage relationships in the development of the mammalian CNS: Role of cell lineage in control of cerebellar Purkinje cell number

1986 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Herrup
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cns

scholarly journals Acid-sensitive channel inhibition prevents fetal alcohol spectrum disorders cerebellar Purkinje cell loss

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R596-R603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanth Ramadoss ◽  
Emilie R. Lunde ◽  
Nengtai Ouyang ◽  
Wei-Jung A. Chen ◽  
Timothy A. Cudd
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Channel Inhibition

Ethanol is now considered the most common human teratogen. Educational campaigns have not reduced the incidence of ethanol-mediated teratogenesis, leading to a growing interest in the development of therapeutic prevention or mitigation strategies. On the basis of the observation that maternal ethanol consumption reduces maternal and fetal pH, we hypothesized that a pH-sensitive pathway involving the TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channels (TASKs) is implicated in ethanol-induced injury to the fetal cerebellum, one of the most sensitive targets of prenatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant ewes were intravenously infused with ethanol (258 ± 10 mg/dl peak blood ethanol concentration) or saline in a “3 days/wk binge” pattern throughout the third trimester. Quantitative stereological analysis demonstrated that ethanol resulted in a 45% reduction in the total number of fetal cerebellar Purkinje cells, the cell type most sensitive to developmental ethanol exposure. Extracellular pH manipulation to create the same degree and pattern of pH fall caused by ethanol (manipulations large enough to inhibit TASK 1 channels), resulted in a 24% decrease in Purkinje cell number. We determined immunohistochemically that TASK 1 channels are expressed in Purkinje cells and that the TASK 3 isoform is expressed in granule cells of the ovine fetal cerebellum. Pharmacological blockade of both TASK 1 and TASK 3 channels simultaneous with ethanol effectively prevented any reduction in fetal cerebellar Purkinje cell number. These results demonstrate for the first time functional significance of fetal cerebellar two-pore domain pH-sensitive channels and establishes them as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of ethanol teratogenesis.

scholarly journals The Vps33a gene regulates behavior and cerebellar Purkinje cell number

2009 ◽  
Vol 1266 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Chintala ◽  
Edward K. Novak ◽  
Joseph A. Spernyak ◽  
Richard Mazurchuk ◽  
German Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell

scholarly journals Role of Synchronous Activation of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Ensembles in Multi-joint Movement Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tycho M. Hoogland ◽  
Jornt R. De Gruijl ◽  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Cathrin B. Canto ◽  
Chris I. De Zeeuw
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell ◽  
Joint Movement

Role of endocannabinoid metabolic pathway and CB2 receptor in regulation of cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S97-S98
Author(s):  
Tomomi Habara ◽  
Koji Kawaguchi ◽  
Toshio Terashima ◽  
Satoshi Kikkawa
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cb2 Receptor

scholarly journals Distinct Roles for Signals Relayed through the Common Cytokine Receptor γ Chain and Interleukin 7 Receptor α Chain in Natural T Cell Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Boesteanu ◽  
A. Dharshan De Silva ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Warren J. Leonard ◽  
Jacques J. Peschon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Cell Ontogeny

The commitment, differentiation, and expansion of mainstream α/β T cells during ontogeny depend on the highly controlled interplay of signals relayed by cytokines through their receptors on progenitor cells. The role of cytokines in the development of natural killer (NK)1+ natural T cells is less clearly understood. In an approach to define the role of cytokines in the commitment, differentiation, and expansion of NK1+ T cells, their development was studied in common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) and interleukin (IL)-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα)–deficient mice. These mutations block mainstream α/β T cell ontogeny at an early prethymocyte stage. Natural T cells do not develop in γc-deficient mice; they are absent in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs such as the liver and the spleen. In contrast, NK1+ T cells develop in IL-7Rα–deficient mice in the thymus, and they are present in the liver and in the spleen. However, the absolute number of NK1+ T cells in the thymus of IL-7Rα–deficient mice is reduced to ∼10%, compared to natural T cell number in the wild-type thymus. Additional data revealed that NK1+ T cell ontogeny is not impaired in IL-2– or IL-4–deficient mice, suggesting that neither IL-2, IL-4, nor IL-7 are required for their development. From these data, we conclude that commitment and/or differentiation to the NK1+ natural T cell lineage requires signal transduction through the γc, and once committed, their expansion requires signals relayed through the IL-7Rα.

scholarly journals EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pagani ◽  
Elisa Tratta ◽  
Patrizia Dell’Era ◽  
Manuela Cominelli ◽  
Pietro Luigi Poliani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Cell Commitment

AbstractEarly B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.

scholarly journals Crayfish hemocytes develop along the granular cell lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Zaichao Zheng ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDespite the central role of hemocytes in crustacean immunity, the process of hemocyte differentiation and maturation remains unclear. In some decapods, it has been proposed that the two main types of hemocytes, granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs), differentiate along separate lineages. However, our current findings challenge this model. By tracking newly produced hemocytes and transplanted cells, we demonstrate that almost all the circulating hemocytes of crayfish belong to the GC lineage. SGCs and GCs may represent hemocytes of different developmental stages rather than two types of fully differentiated cells. Hemocyte precursors produced by progenitor cells differentiate in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) for 3 ~ 4 days. Immature hemocytes are released from HPT in the form of SGCs and take 1 ~ 3 months to mature in the circulation. GCs represent the terminal stage of development. They can survive for as long as 2 months. The changes in the expression pattern of marker genes during GC differentiation support our conclusions. Further analysis of hemocyte phagocytosis indicates the existence of functionally different subpopulations. These findings may reshape our understanding of crustacean hematopoiesis and may lead to reconsideration of the roles and relationship of circulating hemocytes.

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