Future orientation and inner limit of young Japanese people

Concerns that established temple Buddhism in Japan is in a state of crisis have been voiced by priests in various sectarian organizations in recent years. This article shows that there is a very real crisis facing Buddhism in modern Japan, with temples closing because of a lack of support and of priests to run them, and with a general turn away from Buddhism among the Japanese population. In rural areas falling populations have led to many temple closures, while in the modern cities people are increasingly turning away from the prime area in which Japanese people have traditionally engaged with Buddhist temples — the processes of death and their aftermath. Partly this is due to competition from new secular funeral industries, but partly also it is because public perceptions of Buddhism — which has become over-reliant on death rituals in Japan — have become highly negative in modern times. Even practices which have often been seen as areas in which Buddhist temples have been able to attract people — such as pilgrimages — are proving less successful than in the past, contributing further to a sense of crisis that threatens to undermine Buddhism’s roots in Japan.

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Assessment of the implicit attitude of Japanese people toward blacks and Little Black Sambo

10.31234/osf.io/t67n4 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuo Mori

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Implicit Attitudes ◽

Picture Book ◽

Implicit Attitude ◽

Japanese People ◽

School Students ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Single Target ◽

Significant Difference

We examined whether Japanese people, 47 junior high school students, 49 undergraduates, and 52 older adults, possessed negative attitudes against blacks and the picture book Little Black Sambo. We assessed the implicit attitude toward the target word pairs, “black/white” and “Sambo/Heidi,” by utilizing a paper-based Implicit Association Test and found that both black and Sambo were associated more negatively than white and Heidi. However, the implicit attitudes assessed with a single-target IAT showed that 67 Japanese students showed positive implicit scores for blacks but with smaller valences. A post hoc analysis revealed that the reading experience of Little Black Sambo did not show a significant difference between the implicit attitudes of those who had and had not read the book.

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Theological Ethics through a Multispecies Lens

10.1093/oso/9780198843344.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Celia E. Deane-Drummond

Keyword(s):

Animal Rights ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Individual Responsibility ◽

Theological Ethics ◽

Individual Decision ◽

Community Based ◽

Moral Agents ◽

Nature And Culture ◽

Different Levels ◽

Radical Approach

There are two driving questions informing this book. The first is where does our moral life come from? The presupposition is that considering morality broadly is inadequate. Instead, different aspects need to be teased apart. It is not sufficient to assume that different virtues are bolted onto a vicious animality, red in tooth and claw. Nature and culture have interlaced histories. By weaving in evolutionary theories and debates on the evolution of compassion, justice, and wisdom, the book shows a richer account of who we are as moral agents. The second driving question concerns our relationships with animals. There is dissatisfaction with animal rights frameworks and an argument instead for a more complex community-based multispecies approach. Hence, rather than extending rights, a more radical approach is a holistic multispecies framework for moral action. This need not weaken individual responsibility. The intention is not to develop a manual of practice, but rather to build towards an alternative philosophically informed approach to theological ethics, including animal ethics. The theological thread weaving through this account is wisdom. Wisdom has many different levels, and in the broadest sense is connected with the flow of life understood in its interconnectedness and sociality. It is profoundly theological and practical. In naming the project the evolution of wisdom a statement is being made about where wisdom may have come from and its future orientation. But justice, compassion, and conscience are not far behind, especially in so far as they are relevant to both individual decision-making and institutions.

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Hong Kong University Students’ Normative Beliefs about Aggression toward Police during Social Protests 2019–2020: The Role of Ecological Risks and Future Orientation

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/00111287211014145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001112872110141

Author(s):

Jian-Bin Li ◽

Catrin Finkenauer

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

University Students ◽

Community Violence ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Normative Beliefs ◽

Poor Family ◽

Social Protests ◽

Delinquent Peers

We examined the association between normative beliefs about aggression toward police (NBAGG→P) and participation in social protests during 2019–2020 and use of aggression among 1,025 Hong Kong university students. We also investigated the role of ecological risks (i.e., distrust in institutions, exposure to community violence, poor family monitoring, poor university discipline and affiliation with delinquent peers) and future orientation in NBAGG→P. The results showed that NBAGG→P was related to more participation in social protests and use of aggression. Ecological risks (except for poor family monitoring) and a positive future orientation were related to more and less NBAGG→P, respectively. Moreover, the “distrust in institutions and NBAGG→P” link was stronger for students with more, rather than less, positive future orientation.

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CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF EXOPHTHALMOS MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF GRAVES' DISEASE IN OLDER JAPANESE PEOPLE

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00512_2.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 2231-2233

Author(s):

Nobuyuki Takasu ◽

Takashi Nakamatsu ◽

Ken Nakachi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Usefulness ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Japanese People

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The Role of Future Orientation and Negative Career Feedback in Career Agency and Career Success in Australian Adults

Journal of Career Assessment ◽

10.1177/1069072720980174 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106907272098017

Author(s):

Anna Praskova ◽

Lena Johnston

Keyword(s):

Career Success ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Career Adaptability ◽

Work Effort ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Perceived Employability ◽

Conditional Effects ◽

The Future

Future orientation is crucial for young people to achieve career-developmental milestones, yet little research has examined the role of future orientation in attaining career outcomes in adult samples. Using the future orientation framework, we tested direct effects of future orientation on career agency (proactive career behaviors and work effort) and career success (perceived employability and career adaptability), indirect effects via career agency variables, and conditional effects of negative career feedback in the future orientation-career agency-career success relationships. We surveyed 285 adults ( M = 38.38 years) and conducted structural equation and moderated mediation analyses. Future orientation was associated positively with work effort, proactive career behaviors, career adaptability, and perceptions of employability. Work effort and proactive career behaviors mediated the future orientation-career success relationship. The mediation via career behaviors (but not work effort) was dependent on the level of received negative career feedback. The results have theoretical and practical implications.

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Decision support framework for the regional facility location and development planning problem

Journal of Business Economics ◽

10.1007/s11573-021-01050-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Kik ◽

Matthias Gerhard Wichmann ◽

Thomas Stefan Spengler

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Facility Location ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Real Life ◽

Development Planning ◽

Major Influence ◽

Location Decisions ◽

Planning Problem ◽

Location Factor ◽

Decision Support Framework

AbstractLocation choice is a crucial planning task with major influence on a company’s future orientation and competitiveness. It is quite complex, since multiple location factors are usually of decision-relevance, incomparable, and sometimes conflictual. Further, ongoing urbanization is associated with locational dynamics posing major challenges for the regional location management of companies and municipalities. For example, respecting urban space as location factor, a scarcity growing over time leads to different assessment and requirements on a company’s behalf. For both companies and municipalities, there is a need for location development which implies an active change of location factor characteristics. Accordingly, considering locational dynamics is vital, as they may be decisive in the location decision-making. Although certain dynamics are considered within conventional Facility Location Problem (FLP) approaches, a systematic consideration of active location development is missing so far. Consequently, they may propagate long-term unfavorable location decisions, as major potentials associated with company-driven and municipal development measures are neglected. Therefore, this paper introduces a comprehensive decision support framework for the Regional Facility Location and Development planning Problem (RFLDP). It provides an operationalization of development measures, and thus anticipates dynamic adaptations to the environment. An established multi-criteria approach is extended to this new application. A complementary guideline ensures its meaningful applicability by practitioners. Based on a real-life case study, the decision support framework’s strength for practical application is demonstrated. Here, major advantages over conventional FLP approaches are highlighted. It is shown that the proposed methodology results in alternative location decisions which are structurally superior.

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