External factors affecting the duration of broody behavior in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Vowles ◽  
R.W. Lea
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Dove

Factors affecting prolactin secretion during the breeding cycle of the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) and its possible role in incubation

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lea ◽  
D. M. Vowles ◽  
H. R. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Nest Defence ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Dove ◽  
Defence Behaviour

ABSTRACT Plasma prolactin began to increase significantly about 5 days after the onset of incubation in both sexes of the dove to reach a peak at the time of hatch. At this time, the concentration of prolactin in the plasma of the female was significantly higher than in the male. In the middle of the incubation period prolactin levels measured over a 24-h period remained constant in both sexes, although the male sits during the middle of the day and the female for the rest of the time. Nest deprivation resulted in a sharp, significant decline in the concentration of prolactin in both sexes. Newly hatched squabs stimulated the release of prolactin only in those doves which had been incubating eggs for several days. A distinct sex difference was observed in the expression of nest defence behaviour of the ring dove during the breeding cycle. At the time of laying, the female was significantly more aggressive than the male and her aggression increased only slightly up to the time of hatching. In contrast, male aggression increased gradually from a low level at laying to reach a peak at the time of hatching. The levels of plasma progesterone in the female showed a significant increase around the time of lay. No significant changes occurred in the plasma concentration of either progesterone or 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the male. Administration of prolactin increased the length of time of incubation of infertile eggs. Nest manipulations which had the effect of inducing the doves to begin incubation 4 days before laying showed that (1) the length of time of incubation of infertile eggs is fixed and independent of events which occur at courtship or oviposition, (2) the initiation of the increase in plasma prolactin concentration during incubation is independent of events which occur at courtship and oviposition and (3) the termination of incubation is always preceded by a fall in the concentration of plasma prolactin. It is concluded that the length of time of incubation is dependent upon sustained raised levels of plasma prolactin. The concentration of plasma prolactin increases several days after the onset of incubation in response to the tactile stimulation of sitting. High levels, if maintained by visual stimulation from the nest, maintain incubation for a fixed period. After this, if the eggs fail to hatch, prolactin levels fall and the doves cease incubation and begin a new cycle. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 447–458

Analisis Partisipasi Petani dalam Asuransi Pertanian

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Mega Nabilla Ardiana ◽  
Ivanovich Agusta
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Education Level ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Participation Level ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Program Data

Farmers participation is crucial for succeeding in the implementation of agricultural insurance in Indonesia. The purposes of this research are analyzing farmers' form and level of participation and also identifying some factors affecting farmer’s participation in agricultural insurance. The research was conducted in Curug Bitung Village, District of Nanggung, Bogor Regency involving 40 respondents. Primary data includes farmers characteristics, farmers participation form and farmers participation level as program beneficiaries. The data were processed using multivariable linear regression test. The results showed that the intensity of communication, age, education level, income level and length of stay did not significantly affect the participation level of farmers whose majority were at the level of no participation. Non-compliance occurs during program implementation. The form of participation shown by farmers in the program is varied.Keywords:  agricultural insurance, internal and external factors, farmers' participation ABSTRAK Partisipasi petani menjadi hal yang penting dalam rangka menyukseskan penerapan asuransi pertanian di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bentuk dan tingkat partisipasi petani dalam asuransi pertanian serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi partisipasi petani dalam program asuransi pertanian. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Curug Bitung, Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor dengan melibatkan 40 responden. Data primer meliputi karakteristik petani, bentuk partisipasi petani dan tingkat partisipasi petani penerima program. Data diolah menggunakan uji regresi linier multivariable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas komunikasi, usia, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan dan lama tinggal tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat partisipasi petani yang  mayoritas berada pada tingkatan tidak ada partisipasi. Ketidaksesuaian banyak terjadi selama penyelenggaraan program. Adapun bentuk partisipasi yang ditunjukkan petani dalam program bervariasi.Kata kunci: asuransi pertanian, faktor internal-eksternal, partisipasi petani

scholarly journals Clinical analysis of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: a focus on external and intrinsic factors

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weigang Gan ◽  
Ning Xiao ◽  
Yiyuan Feng ◽  
Danmei Zhou ◽  
Juanjuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Delay ◽  
Rigid Bronchoscopy ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Tracheobronchial Foreign Body

Abstract Background Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) is a critical disease in children and is extremely dangerous, even life-threatening. The factors affecting the occurrence and prognosis of TFBA are complex. The purpose of this study is to examine the external and intrinsic factors affecting clinical features of TFBA in West China and propose potential effective intervention measures. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric patients diagnosed with TFBA with foreign bodies (FBs) removed by rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia at the otolaryngology department from December 2017 to November 2018. The data included age, sex, clinical symptoms, type and location of FB, guardians, prehospital duration and residence of these pediatric patients. Results The ratio of males (72) to females (53) was 1.4:1. Children aged from 1 to 3 years accounted for 76% (95/125) of patients. Cough, continuous fever and dyspnea were the primary symptoms. The right primary bronchus was the most common location of FB detection by rigid bronchoscopy (67 cases, 53.6%). Organic FBs were most common in our study. Guardians of patients significantly differed in the rural (parents 16, grandparents 31) and urban (parents 52, grandparents 26) groups (χ2 = 12.583, p = 0.000). More children in the rural group than in the urban group had a treatment delay longer than 72 h. More children in the group with no history of FB aspiration (12, 25%) than in the group with prior FB aspiration had a treatment delay longer than 72 h. Conclusion Pediatric TFBA is a common emergency in otolaryngology. Age, sex, tracheobronchial anatomy and other physiological elements were defined as intrinsic factors, while guardians, residence, FB species and prehospital time were defined as external factors of TFBA. External and intrinsic factors both influence the occurrence and progression of TFBA. It is extremely important to take effective measures to control external factors, which can decrease morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals For the Sustainable Development of Universities: Exploring the External Factors Impacting Returned Early Career Academic’s Research Performance in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Xiantong Zhao ◽  
Hongbiao Yin ◽  
Chenyang Fang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Early Career ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Good Research

Early career academics are the key agents for the sustainable development of higher education institutions. In China, those who were educated overseas and have returned to Chinese universities to seek academic positions are becoming a fast-growing group. Good research performance is critical to survive in the increasingly competitive environment in academia. Improving research performance requires an understanding of the factors that facilitate or inhibit research performance. In the light of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, this study, using a mixed-method design (20 interviewees and 136 respondents), elaborates on a number of external factors affecting returned early career academics’ research performance. Understanding these factors is helpful for the building of a favorable environment that can improve the research performance of the returned early career academics, and hence the sustainable development of universities.

Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Redbo ◽  
P. Redbo-Torstensson ◽  
F. O. Ödberg ◽  
A. Hedendahl ◽  
J. Holm
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify relations between stereotyped behaviours (cribbing, weaving and box-walking) and wood-chewing in thoroughbred flat-racing horses (TB) and standardbred trotters and the different management, feeding and training factors to which these horses are exposed. This was obtained by inquiries to all the professional trainers of TB and trottinghorses used for racing in Sweden. The usable response rates were 61% for trotters and 72% for TB representing 4597 trotters from 234 stables and 644 TB from 38 stables. A small field study was carried out to control the validity of the main study which gave results similar to those in the main study. There was a large difference between the two horse categories in the occurrence of behavioural disturbances. The TB had significantly more stereotypies than the trotters (P < 0·001) but there were no differences in the occurrence of wood-chewing. There were several differences in external factors between the horse categories, e.g. trotters had more opportunities for social contacts with other horses, they also had more free time outside the stable and they were trained a shorter time per week than the TB. The TB were given larger amounts of concentrate than the trotters. Wood-chewing within each horse category was explained by the amount of roughage (P < 0·05 in trotters and P < 0·001 in TB) together with other factors. Stereotypies in the TB were explained by: amount of concentrate (positive relation), number of horses per trainer (positive relation) and amount of roughage (negative relation).

Internal and External Factors Affecting the Sales of Hype Drinks in Online Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Fauzan Febrian ◽  
Nazmi Fathnur Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The Covid-19 Pandemic has hurt the beverage outlets' sales. This study investigates the strength of the internal and external factors that influenced sales in the online platforms of hype drinks. Thus, the study focused on the adaptation strategy to improve the sales in the online platform of hype drinks under environmentally-health pressures. The approach was mixed-method by obtaining the data through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The participant in this study was consumer, employee, and owner.  Data analysis is conducted under the SWOT analysis that has four steps in presenting the data. The finding concluded that internal and external factors positively impacted the business strategy to increase online sales of beverage outlets by riding the wave of hype among customers.

THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS HORMONES ON AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE RING DOVE (STREPTOPELIA RISORIA)

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VOWLES ◽  
D. HARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Hormonal Effects ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Dove ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Model Predator

SUMMARY The aggressive and defensive behaviour of the ring dove was studied in response to a model predator and to another member of the same species. During a single breeding cycle defensive behaviour increased rapidly just before laying, reached a second peak at the time of hatching, and declined as the squabs became independent. Cocks showed aggressive behaviour to other doves throughout the cycle, but this response reached a peak soon after laying, and declined at the time of hatching. The effects of seven daily injections of oestrogen, progesterone, progesterone plus oestrogen, testosterone, and prolactin were studied. In both sexes prolactin and progesterone (with and without oestrogen) increased defensive behaviour towards a predator; in hens these hormones also increased defensive behaviour towards other birds. In cocks, however, prolactin had no effect on the response to other doves; progesterone (with and without oestrogen) increased aggressiveness, and oestrogen increased nest-cooing. Single injections of the same hormones produced similar effects, with the exception that testosterone and oestrogen in hens caused a temporary (1–5 hr.) increase in defensive behaviour. The latency of most hormonal effects was 30 min. to 2 hr., although the injections were intramuscular. This suggests a direct effect on central nervous mechanisms. Progesterone had a latency of 12–18 hr., suggesting an indirect effect.

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