Effect of an ephemeral stream on the groundwater level and groundwater quality in an arid zone of India

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
K.N.K. Murthy ◽  
D.N. Bohra
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Ephemeral Stream

scholarly journals Investigating Groundwater Condition and Seawater Intrusion Status in Coastal Aquifer Systems of Eastern India

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Subrata Halder ◽  
Lingaraj Dhal ◽  
Madan K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

Providing sustainable water supply for domestic needs and irrigated agriculture is one of the most significant challenges for the current century. This challenge is more daunting in coastal regions. Groundwater plays a pivotal role in addressing this challenge and hence, it is under growing stress in several parts of the world. To address this challenge, a proper understanding of groundwater characteristics in an area is essential. In this study, spatio-temporal analyses of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-levels of two coastal aquifer systems (upper leaky confined and underlying confined) were carried out in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. Trend analysis of seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers systems was also performed using Mann-Kendall test, Linear Regression test, and Innovative Trend test. Finally, the status of seawater intrusion in the two aquifers was evaluated using available groundwater-quality data of Chloride (Cl−) and Total Dissolve Solids (TDS). Considerable spatial and temporal variability was found in the seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers. Further, decreasing trends were spotted in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-level time series of the leaky confined and confined aquifers, except pre-monsoon groundwater-levels in Contai-I and Deshpran blocks, and the post-monsoon groundwater-level in Ramnagar-I block for the leaky confined aquifer. The leaky confined aquifer in Contai-I, Contai-III, and Deshpran blocks and the confined aquifer in Nandigram-I and Nandigram-II blocks are vulnerable to seawater intrusion. There is an urgent need for the real-time monitoring of groundwater-levels and groundwater quality in both the aquifer systems, which can ensure efficient management of coastal groundwater reserves.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kyoochul Ha ◽  
Eunhee Lee ◽  
Hyowon An ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Changhui Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Groundwater Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

scholarly journals Changes of Groundwater Quality in the Sorrounding Pollution Sources Due to Earthquake Dissaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarmadji Sudarmadji
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Dug Well

Groundwater is the main domestic water supply of the population of the Yogyakarta Special Region, both in the urban and as well as in the rural area due to its quantity and quality advantages. The rapid population growth has caused an increase of groundwater demand, consequently it is facing some problems to the sustainability of groundwater supply. Lowering of groundwater level has been observed in some places, as well as the degradation of groundwater quality. Earthquake which stroke Yogyakarta on 27 May 2006, damaged buildings and other infrastructures in the area, including roads and bridges. It might also damage the underground structures such as septic tanks, and pipes underneath the earth surface. It might cause cracking of the geologic structures. Furthermore, the damage of underneath infrastructures might create groundwater quality changes in the area. Some complains of local community on lowering and increasing groundwater level and groundwater quality changes were noted. Field observation and investigation were conducted, including collection of groundwater samples close to (the) pollution sources. Laboratory analyses indicated that some parameters increased to exceed the drinking water quality standards. The high content of Coli form bacteria possibly was caused by contamination of nearby septic tanks or other pollution sources to the observed groundwater in the dug well.

scholarly journals An Integrated Use of GIS, Geostatistical and Map Overlay Techniques for Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Level in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, South Asia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Huzaifa Shahzad ◽  
Hafiz Umar Farid ◽  
Zahid Mahmood Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Anjum ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
East Part ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Lower South

The rapidly changing climatic scenario is demanding periodic evaluation of groundwater quality at the temporal and spatial scale in any region for its effectual management. The statistical, geographic information system (GIS), geostatistical, and map overlay approaches were applied for investigating the spatio-temporal variation in groundwater quality and level data of 242 monitoring wells in Punjab, Pakistan during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2015 and 2016. The analysis indicated the higher variation in data for both the seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) as coefficient of variation (CV) values were found in the range of 84–175% for groundwater quality parameters. Based on the t-test values, the marginal improvement in groundwater electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and decrease in groundwater level (GWL) were observed in 2016 as compared to 2015 (p = 0.05). The spatial distribution analysis of groundwater EC, SAR and RSC indicated that the groundwater quality was unfit for irrigation in the lower south-east part of the study area. The groundwater level (GWL) was also higher in that part of the study area during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in 2015 and 2016. The overlay analysis also indicated that the groundwater EC, RSC and GWL values were higher in south-east parts of the study area during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2015 and 2016. Hence, there is an instant need to apply groundwater management practices in the rest of the region (especially in the lower south-east part) to overcome the future degradation of groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Estimating seepage flux from ephemeral stream channels using surface water and groundwater level data

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia L. Noorduijn ◽  
Margaret Shanafield ◽  
Mark A. Trigg ◽  
Glenn A. Harrington ◽  
Peter G. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Ephemeral Stream ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Level Data

scholarly journals Assessment and Prediction of Groundwater using Geospatial and ANN modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Pran Dadhich ◽  
Rohit Goyal ◽  
Pran Nath Dadhich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Forecasting Models

Abstract In semi-arid regions the deterioration in groundwater quality and drop in water level upshots the importance of spatio-temporal mapping with geospatial and advanced modeling techniques. In present study, changes in water level, water quality trend patterns and future scenarios of groundwater in 171 villages of Phagi tehsil, Jaipur district was assessed using eight years (2012-2019) groundwater data. Spatial interpolation maps were drawn using kriging method for pre-monsoon season and integrated with three different time series forecasting models (Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt's Trend Method, ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Network models to ascertain the optimal prediction for groundwater level and quality parameters. Results reveal that the use of ANN model can describe the behavior of groundwater level and quality parameters more accurately than time series forecasting models. In addition, different ANN algorithms were tested to select the best-performing algorithm and ANN15 is found the most accurate one in simulating the magnitude and patterns of pre-monsoon water level data for year 2019 with R2 = 0.98, and NSE = 0.81. The change in groundwater table was observed with more than 4.0m rise in 81 villages during 2012-2013 whereas ANNpredicted results of 2023-2024 infer no rise in water table (>4.0m). Water level drop of more than 6.0m was observed in 16 villages of Phagi tehsil based on predicted results of 2024. Assessment of groundwater quality parameters like Total dissolved solids, chloride, fluoride and nitrate indicate chemically unsuitable groundwater for drinking purpose in most part of the Phagi. ANNpredictions point out excess nitrate content in 58% villages however, Water quality Index reveals unfit groundwater in 74% villages for human consumption in 2024. This time series and projected outcome of groundwater at village level can assist the planners and decision-makers for proper management of groundwater risk areas.

NITROGEN COMPOUND‘S ALTERNATION IN GROUNDWATER BY FIELDS MANURING IN LARGE LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Saulius GUŽYS
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Point Pollution

Livestock enterprises are the biggest source of point pollution, whose effect on groundwater quality has not been researched enough, so it is not enough to make sound conclusions about their effect on the groundwater quality. The aim of this research was to determine what effect annually manure fertilised fields of large livestock enterprises have on groundwater quality. The experiment was carried out in the Middle Lithuanian Lowland in Kėdainiai district. The groundwater quality research was conducted during 2008–2012 in a manure fertilised field of a livestock enterprise. There were higher Ntotal and NO3-N concentrations (2.4 and 2.8 times respectively) determined in the borehole, which was situated in a manure fertilised field. As groundwater level rises in the boreholes, the Ntotal and NO3-N concentrations increase: in the manure fertilised field – r=0.46 and r=0.53, and in the sheds territory – r=0.41 and r=0.48, respectively. NH4-N concentrations in the boreholes have a tendency to fall as the water level rises – r=0.10 and r=0.28 respectively. Air temperature, rather than the precipitation level and Nmin reserves in the soil, had a bigger impact on the increase of NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations in the borehole, while the mentioned factors had no effect on Ntotal and NO2 - N concentrations. Ntotal, NO3-N, NO2-N and NH4-N concentrations (r=-0.31) in borehole, installed in the sheds territory had a tendency to increase when air temperature was low.

scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Karst Reservoir Construction on the Surrounding Environment: A Case Study for the Southwest of China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Huan Shen ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Yuzhou Tang ◽  
Huiyang Qiu ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Underground Caverns ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid growth of the global demand for low-carbon energy, the development of hydropower has ushered in new development, but the ecological and environmental problems caused by this cannot be ignored. Taking the safe and efficient operation of water conservancy projects as the goal, this paper took the Maling Water Conservancy Project (MWCP) as an example to predict and evaluate the ecological environment risks of water conservancy projects. Based on the on-site geological surveys and experiments, the big well method and the long narrow horizontal tunnel method were used to estimate the water inflow from the underground caverns. The contaminant migration model was used to predict and analyze the groundwater quality. The impact of the MWCP on the surrounding environment was systematically analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the estimated water inflow from the underground powerhouse and the water conveyance pipeline was about 7403.6 m3/d during the construction period. The groundwater level in the reservoir area could recover after a short drop, which had little effect on the surrounding vegetation. The groundwater quality was affected obviously because the migration speed of contaminants was very fast under abnormal conditions. During the operation period, it had little effect on groundwater level and had certain influence on groundwater flow field in local area. The source of sewage was mainly a small amount of domestic sewage, which could be ignored after taking anti-seepage measures. After storing water in the reservoir area, there was a possibility of small-scale immersion on the right bank. Most of the reservoirs had good stability conditions but the stability of the upper fault valley was poor; however, the possibility of leakage was very small. Overall, the project had little impact on the surrounding environment. The research results could also provide some references for other hydroelectric projects within the basin.

scholarly journals Effects of the Japanese 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake on Nitrate Content in Groundwater Supply

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Kei Nakagawa ◽  
Jun Shimada ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Yu ◽  
Kiyoshi Ide ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Concentration Changes

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake had a significant impact on groundwater levels and quality. In some areas, the groundwater level increased significantly due to the release of groundwater from upstream mountainous regions. Conversely, the groundwater level in other areas greatly decreased due to the creation of new fracture networks by the earthquake. There were also significant changes in certain groundwater quality variables. In this study, we used clustering based SOM (self-organizing maps) analysis to improve the understanding of earthquake effects on groundwater quality. We were especially interested in effects on groundwater used for drinking purposes and in nitrate concentration. For this purpose, we studied groundwater nitrate (NO3− + NO2−–N) concentrations for the period 2012–2017. Nitrate concentration changes were classified into seven typical SOM clusters. The clusters were distributed in three representative geographical regions: a high concentration region (>4 mg/L), a low concentration region (<1.6 mg/L) with minimal anthropogenic loading area, and an intermediate concentration region (2–4 mg/L). Depending on these regions, the nitrate concentration changes just before and after the earthquake had both increasing and decreasing trends between 2015–2017. This points to complex physiographical relationships for release of stored upstream groundwater, promotion of infiltration of shallow soil water/groundwater, and nitrate concentration as affected by earthquakes. We present an analysis of these complex relationships and a discussion of causes of nitrate concentration changes due to earthquakes.

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