Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

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Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v3i2.4949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Kant ◽

Y.V. Singh ◽

Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽

R. Meena ◽

S.N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Investigating Groundwater Condition and Seawater Intrusion Status in Coastal Aquifer Systems of Eastern India

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1952

Author(s):

Subrata Halder ◽

Lingaraj Dhal ◽

Madan K. Jha

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Coastal Aquifer ◽

Quality Data ◽

Confined Aquifer ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Post Monsoon ◽

Aquifer Systems ◽

Sustainable Water Supply

Providing sustainable water supply for domestic needs and irrigated agriculture is one of the most significant challenges for the current century. This challenge is more daunting in coastal regions. Groundwater plays a pivotal role in addressing this challenge and hence, it is under growing stress in several parts of the world. To address this challenge, a proper understanding of groundwater characteristics in an area is essential. In this study, spatio-temporal analyses of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-levels of two coastal aquifer systems (upper leaky confined and underlying confined) were carried out in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. Trend analysis of seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers systems was also performed using Mann-Kendall test, Linear Regression test, and Innovative Trend test. Finally, the status of seawater intrusion in the two aquifers was evaluated using available groundwater-quality data of Chloride (Cl−) and Total Dissolve Solids (TDS). Considerable spatial and temporal variability was found in the seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers. Further, decreasing trends were spotted in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-level time series of the leaky confined and confined aquifers, except pre-monsoon groundwater-levels in Contai-I and Deshpran blocks, and the post-monsoon groundwater-level in Ramnagar-I block for the leaky confined aquifer. The leaky confined aquifer in Contai-I, Contai-III, and Deshpran blocks and the confined aquifer in Nandigram-I and Nandigram-II blocks are vulnerable to seawater intrusion. There is an urgent need for the real-time monitoring of groundwater-levels and groundwater quality in both the aquifer systems, which can ensure efficient management of coastal groundwater reserves.

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Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01443-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Elsiddig Eldaw ◽

Tao Huang ◽

Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽

Yahaya Mahama

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Research Effort ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽

Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

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Changes of Groundwater Quality in the Sorrounding Pollution Sources Due to Earthquake Dissaster

Forum Geografi ◽

10.23917/forgeo.v20i2.1813 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sudarmadji Sudarmadji

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Local Community ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Quality Changes ◽

Underground Structures ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Septic Tanks ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

Dug Well

Groundwater is the main domestic water supply of the population of the Yogyakarta Special Region, both in the urban and as well as in the rural area due to its quantity and quality advantages. The rapid population growth has caused an increase of groundwater demand, consequently it is facing some problems to the sustainability of groundwater supply. Lowering of groundwater level has been observed in some places, as well as the degradation of groundwater quality. Earthquake which stroke Yogyakarta on 27 May 2006, damaged buildings and other infrastructures in the area, including roads and bridges. It might also damage the underground structures such as septic tanks, and pipes underneath the earth surface. It might cause cracking of the geologic structures. Furthermore, the damage of underneath infrastructures might create groundwater quality changes in the area. Some complains of local community on lowering and increasing groundwater level and groundwater quality changes were noted. Field observation and investigation were conducted, including collection of groundwater samples close to (the) pollution sources. Laboratory analyses indicated that some parameters increased to exceed the drinking water quality standards. The high content of Coli form bacteria possibly was caused by contamination of nearby septic tanks or other pollution sources to the observed groundwater in the dug well.

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Suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in and around the main Gadilam river basin on the east coast of southern India

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science ◽

10.26832/24566632.2020.0504019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 554-562

Author(s):

R. Ravi ◽

S. Aravindan ◽

K. Shankar ◽

P. Balamurugan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

East Coast ◽

Southern India ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Samples

The main intent of this study was to investigate the condition of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in and around the main Gadilam river basin, the east coast of southern India. A total of fifty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, TDS, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3-). Irrigation water quality parameters like the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), percentage sodium (%Na), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR) were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore, graphical representation diagrams such as USSL, Wilcox, and Doneen have been prepared for irrigation water quality. From the computation of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and KR values, it was found that 100% of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purposes. Besides, USSL and Doneen diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. The Wilcox diagram in the classification of electrical conductivity reveals that most samples fall into the good to permissible class (78%), in doubtful to unsuitable class (20%), and 2% of samples are unsuitable. Magnesium hazards of 82% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation, while the remaining 18% of the samples exceeded the limit and found to be unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The study concludes that higher percentages of groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation purposes in the study area, and the concentration of magnesium influenced groundwater at a few locations.

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Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v5i1.7116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kailash Aher ◽

Sharad Gaikwad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Shallow Aquifer ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32−, HCO3−), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRI (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Hydro-geochemical evaluation of groundwater for irrigation in the Ganges river basin areas of Bangladesh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-161359/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md Shajedul Islam ◽

Md. Golam Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Water Type ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Ganges River ◽

The Ganges ◽

Ganges River Basin

Abstract Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of Bangladesh through the hydrogeochemical characterization and classification of groundwater. The study parameters were pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, total hardness, Na+, K+, B, Cl−, HCO3 −, SO 42−, NO3 −, and PO43− along with irrigation water quality index (IWQindex), Na%, soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium bicarbonate, magnesium adsorption ratio, permeability index, and Kelley’s ratio. The results showed that most of the water samples were acidic in the pre-monsoon and alkaline in the post-monsoon seasons, and the water type was Ca-HCO3. The significant geochemical process in the area determined was calcite and dolomite mineral dissolution, and there was no active cation exchange, and silicate weathering occurred. The statistical analyses showed that both the geogenic and anthropogenic sources were controlling the chemistry of the groundwater aquifers. Concerning irrigation water quality, the results revealed that all the quality parameters and IWQindex (32.04 to 45.39) were within the safety ranges, except for the EC and total hardness. The study results would be useful for future groundwater monitoring and management of the Ganges basin areas of Bangladesh part.

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Integration of multivariate statistics and water quality indices to evaluate groundwater quality and its suitability in middle Gangetic floodplain, Bihar

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04394-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ajay Govind Bhatt ◽

Anand Kumar ◽

Priya Ranjan Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Health Concern ◽

Water Type ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Group 2

AbstractThis study is conducted along the middle Gangetic floodplain, to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for irrigation and human consumptions. Altogether 65 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions and water quality parameters. pH of all the samples except 1 is found > 7, which suggests alkaline aquifer condition. Groundwater samples predominately belong to Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type followed by Na-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Mg-SO4 water types. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combines groundwater into two distinct groups, Group 1 is found as less mineralized as the average EC value is found 625.3 μS/cm, while it is found 1375 μS/cm for Group 2. The results of correlation analysis and PCA suggest influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater. PCA extracts four major PCs which describes 71.7% of total variance. PC1 indicates influence of both lithogenic and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality. PC2 and PC3 infer natural factors, and PC4 suggests influence of anthropogenic activities on groundwater. Exceeding concentration of F−, Fe and Mn above WHO guidelines are found as major public health concern. WQI of all except 4 groundwater samples suggests excellent to good water quality; however, 23% of the samples are not suitable based on WPI values. Irrigation indices suggest that groundwater is mostly suitable for irrigation; however, 10.7%, 12.3% and 3% samples for RSBC, MAR and KR, respectively, exceed the recommended limits and are unsuitable for irrigation. A proper management strategy and quality assurance is recommended before groundwater consumption and use in the study area.

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Assessment and Prediction of Groundwater using Geospatial and ANN modeling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-246464/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ankita Pran Dadhich ◽

Rohit Goyal ◽

Pran Nath Dadhich

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Time Series ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Level ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Time Series Forecasting ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Forecasting Models

Abstract In semi-arid regions the deterioration in groundwater quality and drop in water level upshots the importance of spatio-temporal mapping with geospatial and advanced modeling techniques. In present study, changes in water level, water quality trend patterns and future scenarios of groundwater in 171 villages of Phagi tehsil, Jaipur district was assessed using eight years (2012-2019) groundwater data. Spatial interpolation maps were drawn using kriging method for pre-monsoon season and integrated with three different time series forecasting models (Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt's Trend Method, ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Network models to ascertain the optimal prediction for groundwater level and quality parameters. Results reveal that the use of ANN model can describe the behavior of groundwater level and quality parameters more accurately than time series forecasting models. In addition, different ANN algorithms were tested to select the best-performing algorithm and ANN15 is found the most accurate one in simulating the magnitude and patterns of pre-monsoon water level data for year 2019 with R2 = 0.98, and NSE = 0.81. The change in groundwater table was observed with more than 4.0m rise in 81 villages during 2012-2013 whereas ANNpredicted results of 2023-2024 infer no rise in water table (>4.0m). Water level drop of more than 6.0m was observed in 16 villages of Phagi tehsil based on predicted results of 2024. Assessment of groundwater quality parameters like Total dissolved solids, chloride, fluoride and nitrate indicate chemically unsuitable groundwater for drinking purpose in most part of the Phagi. ANNpredictions point out excess nitrate content in 58% villages however, Water quality Index reveals unfit groundwater in 74% villages for human consumption in 2024. This time series and projected outcome of groundwater at village level can assist the planners and decision-makers for proper management of groundwater risk areas.

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Major Ion Chemistry and Groundwater Quality Evaluation for Irrigation

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i4.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 699-705

Author(s):

G. Shyamala ◽

S. Ramesh ◽

N. Saravanakumar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Salt Content ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Key Factors ◽

Salinity Hazard ◽

Magnesium Hazard ◽

Sodium Percent

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Groundwater analyzed in the study area of Coimbatore district by collecting 60 samples from agricultural belt. Groundwater quality for irrigation is determined by several key factors like pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TDS). The cations such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+ ) and anions are Hydrocarbon (HCO3), Carbonate (CO3 -), Chlorides (Cl-)and Sulphates (SO4 2-) are tested. The irrigation water quality parameters such as Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Chloro Alkali Indices (CA I & CAII), Kelley’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Percent sodium (%Na) and Permeability Index (PI), Soluble sodium Percent (SSP) are computed from the key factors, anions and cations. From the USSL Diagram the samples fall in C2S1, C3S1, C4S1 range. Salinity hazard is too elevated in the study area, all the samples are categorized under high to very high with the values greater than 750 μS/cm. Total dissolved solid in the study area indicated that only 2 locations are unfit for irrigation. SAR and % Na shows that there is no hazard related to irrigation watering. Magnesium hazard in the groundwater is high and indicates 51 sample out of 60 is unsuitable for irrigation. From the study it indicates the groundwater is contaminated with salt content and in most of the area it can be used for irrigation. Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation water quality, Salinity hazard, Kelley’s ratio, Magnesium hazard

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