A quantitative method for assessing the third complement factor (C3) attached to the surface of opsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Interrelationship between C3 fixation, phagocytosis and complement consumption

The presented paper aimed for exploring the translation process, a translator or interpreter needs equipment or tools so that the objectives of a translation can be achieved. If an interpreter needs a pencil, paper, headphones, and a mic, then an interpreter needs even more tools. The tools required include conventional and modern tools. Meanwhile, the approach needed in research on translation is qualitative and quantitative, depending on the research objectives. If you want to find a correlation between a translator's translation experience with the quality or type of translation errors, a quantitative method is needed. Also, this method is very appropriate to be used in research in the scope of teaching translation, for example from the student's point of view, their level of intelligence regarding the quality or translation errors. While the next method is used if the research contains translation errors, procedures, etc., it is more appropriate to use qualitative methods. Seeing this fact, these part-time translators can switch to the third type of translator, namely free translators. This is because there is an awareness that they can live by translation. These translators set up their translation efforts that involve multiple languages.

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A case of Graves’ disease associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2018-0186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1165-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Werner Keenswijk ◽

Eva Degraeuwe ◽

Anne Hoorens ◽

Jo Van Dorpe ◽

Johan Vande Walle

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽

Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis ◽

White Cell Count ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Complement Factor ◽

Gradual Improvement ◽

Complement Factor C3

Abstract Background The association of hyperthyroidism with renal disease is very rare and the importance of timely clinical recognition cannot be overemphasized. Case presentation An 11-year-old girl presented with gastrointestinal symptoms while hypertension, edema and abdominal pain were noticed on clinical examination. Laboratory investigation revealed: hemoglobin 9.4 (11.5–15.5) g/dL, total white cell count 16 (4.5–12)×109/L, platelets 247 (150–450)×109/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) 31.8 (<5) mg/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 126 (13–43) mg/dL, creatinine 0.98 (0.53–0.79) mg/dL, albumin 25 (35–52) g/dL, complement factor C3 0.7 (0.9–1.8) g/L, complement factor C4 0.1 (0.1–0.4) g/L, tri-iodothyronine 6.5 (2.5–5.2) pg/mL, free thyroxine 2.4 (1–1.7) ng/dL, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.02 (0.5–4.3) mU/L. Urinalysis showed nephrotic range proteinuria. Renal function deteriorated necessitating hemodialysis (HD). A renal biopsy revealed an immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Elevated thyroid hormones and suppressed TSH levels with elevated thyroperoxidase antibodies and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins confirmed the diagnosis of Graves’ disease. Corticosteroids were commenced and eventually thiamazole was added with gradual improvement of renal function, cessation of HD and discharge from the hospital. Conclusions Graves’ disease complicated by MPGN is extremely rare, but can cause life-threatening complications.

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BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD OF ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED WAX MOTH LARVAE

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m62-064 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 491-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

June M. Stephens

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Immune Serum ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Immune State ◽

The Third ◽

Wax Moth

The blood of normal wax moth larvae is not bactericidal for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The blood becomes moderately bactericidal when larvae are actively immunized against P. aeruginosa. This activity was measured by a modification of Nagington's technique for the estimation of typhoid antibody. Bactericidal activity appears to be the only measurable type of antibody response against P. aeruginosa. Cell-free blood was as active as whole blood; 0.02 ml of immune serum kills about 1000 organisms. The blood of normal wax moth larvae is bactericidal for Shigella dysenteriae but the blood of insects immunized against either this organism or P. aeruginosa shows no increase in activity against S. dysenteriae. A number of non-specific agents, both protein and non-protein, did not stimulate bactericidal activity in serum after their injection into normal larvae. Immune sera prepared against some strains of P. aeruginosa were not active against other strains. Storage at 37 °C or absorption with zymosan both result in blackening of immune blood and loss of bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity is evident only during the immune state of the insect, i.e. from about 18 hours until the third day after vaccination; it develops at the same time that inhibition of melanization was observed in the blood from vaccinated larvae.

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Tobramycin-Induced Hypersensitivity Reaction

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809502907-810 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 29 (7-8) ◽

pp. 704-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Janet S Schretlen-Doherty ◽

William G Troutman

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽

Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽

Drug Regimen ◽

Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽

Left Chest ◽

The Third ◽

Access System ◽

Case Summary

Objective: To report a case of a hypersensitivity reaction associated with the use of intravenous tobramycin in a patient with cystic fibrosis. Case Summary: An 18-year-old man was hospitalized for exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis. Tobramycin 125 mg iv q6h and ceftazidime 2 g iv q8h were administered through the patient's implantable access system in the left chest. Within seconds of receiving the third dose of tobramycin, the patient experienced shaking, his left arm turned white, and urticaria and pruritus were noted on the left side of the patient's chest. The patient had experienced a similar incident, accompanied by breathing difficulty, with intravenous tobramycin 4 years príor to this incident. The patient had been skin-tested for tobramycin allergy and had been desensitized and was receiving tobramycin since that time without incident. The patient's desensitization was maintained with tobramycin 160 mg/d hs by nebulization, but the drug had been discontinued by the patient 6 months prior to the latest event. Discussion: Hypersensitivity reactions to aminoglycosides are unusual. Hypersensitivity to 1 aminoglycoside antibiotic frequently is associated with hypersensitivity to at least 1 other aminoglycoside. In patients who develop hypersensitivity to an aminoglycoside antibiotic, desensitization may be an effective alternative to changing therapy. Conclusions: Tobramycin is very important in the drug regimen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Effective desensitization can be maintained by daily administration of nebulized tobramycin.

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Hematological Picture of Rabbits Immunized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v44i(e0).1023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ((E0)) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Majid M. Mahmood ◽

Ahmed N . Al-ani ◽

Basil R . Razook

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

T Test ◽

Negative Group ◽

Blood Picture ◽

Sharp Fall ◽

The Third ◽

Group Control ◽

Domestic Rabbits

The current study was established to find out the role of immunization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-whole sonicated antigen in adult white fur domestic rabbits. To achieve this goal, fifteen rabbits were allocated into 3 groups, the first group was immunized with P. aeruginosa–whole sonicated antigen and challenged with viable pathogenic P. aeruginosa; the second group (control negative) was treated with phosphate buffer saline and the third group was injected with viable pathogenic P. aeruginosa (control positive). The results demonstrated increasing levels of the measured parameters blood picture (total WBCs, lymphocytes, and granulocytes, RBCs and hemoglobin concentrations) in the first group compared with control negative group (T test was used). In contrast, a sharp fall was noted in total thrombocytes (platelets) count in the first group compared with control negative group. It can be concluded that immunization with P. aeruginosa– whole sonicated antigen may consider as a potent reproducible effective immunogen model for experimental immunological studies in rabbits

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Discrete viral E2 lysine residues and scavenger receptor MARCO are required for clearance of circulating alphaviruses

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.49163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathryn S Carpentier ◽

Bennett J Davenport ◽

Kelsey C Haist ◽

Mary K McCarthy ◽

Nicholas A May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Mutational Analysis ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Complement Factor ◽

Critical Determinant ◽

Lysine Residues ◽

Complement Factor C3 ◽

Immune Pathway ◽

Innate Immune Pathway

The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia is a critical determinant of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity. We find that multiple alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o’nyong ‘nyong (ONNV) viruses, are cleared from the circulation of mice by liver Kupffer cells, impeding viral dissemination. Clearance from the circulation was independent of natural antibodies or complement factor C3, and instead relied on scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO). Remarkably, lysine to arginine substitutions at distinct residues within the E2 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enhanced viremia and dissemination. Mutational analysis revealed that viral clearance from the circulation is strictly dependent on the presence of lysine at these positions. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and dissemination in vertebrate hosts, ultimately influencing disease severity and likely transmission efficiency.

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