Serum testosterone level is the major determinant of the male-female differences in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol

Abstract We used discontinuous gradients of polyacrylamide gel to determine the high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 of serum lipoproteins. Serum (40 microL) prestained with Sudan Black was electrophoresed in cylindrical tubes over successive layers of 3.5%, 6%, 13%, and 17.5% acrylamide gels in a Tris.glycine buffer (3-4 h, 300 V). Very-low- (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were retained by the 3.5% and 6% gels. HDL2 was concentrated at the interface between the 13% and 17.5% gels, and HDL3 migrated into the 17.5% gel. The distribution between HDL2 and HDL3 was obtained by densitometric scanning. Application of the respective percentages to HDL cholesterol assayed after phosphotung-state-Mg2+ precipitation of VLDL and LDL gave calculated concentrations of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol. The calculated values for HDL2 cholesterol were in excellent agreement with those for HDL2 isolated by ultracentrifugation (r = 0.920 for n = 120 sera; differences nonsignificant by Student's paired t-test). Besides being highly discriminating, the method is rapid, easily performed, and economical.

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Simplified methods for measuring cholesterol concentrations of high-density lipoprotein subclasses in serum compared.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/32.7.1274 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1274-1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C F Whitaker ◽

S R Srinivasan ◽

G S Berenson

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Affinity Column ◽

Affinity Precipitation ◽

Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽

Affinity Column Chromatography ◽

Hdl2 Cholesterol

Abstract We used a combination of heparin micro-affinity column chromatography and heparin-Mn2+/dextran sulfate (DS) precipitation procedures to measure directly the total high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol in serum. The value for HDL2-cholesterol was obtained by subtracting the value for HDL3-cholesterol from that for total HDL-cholesterol. Results of this methodology and of the original heparin-Mn2+/DS double-precipitation method were compared with those of preparative ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol by the original double-precipitation method were respectively 26 and 33 mg/L lower than by the ultracentrifugation method (p less than 0.001). Corresponding values by the micro-affinity/precipitation method were 36 and 29 mg/L higher than by the ultracentrifugation method (p less than 0.001). The values for HDL3-cholesterol by ultracentrifugation and by precipitation differed only by 7 mg/L (p greater than 0.05). Micro-affinity/precipitation and double-precipitation results both correlated well with those by ultracentrifugation (r = 0.84 to 0.94); the y-intercept of the comparison with the micro-affinity/precipitation method was close to zero. Use of the micro-affinity/precipitation method with samples from black or white adolescents showed that the blacks had higher concentrations of HDL2-(p less than 0.01) and HDL3-cholesterol (p less than 0.02) than did the whites.

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High-density lipoprotein subfractions as measured by differential polyanionic precipitation and rate zonal ultracentrifugation.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/28.10.2040 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 2040-2043 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H S Simpson ◽

F C Ballantyne ◽

C J Packard ◽

H G Morgan ◽

J Shepherd

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Protective Role ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽

Functional Roles ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽

Hdl2 Cholesterol

Abstract Recent interest in the putative protective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions against atherosclerosis has highlighted the need for a rapid, simple subfractionation procedure. Here we compared HDL subfractionation by two recently developed polyanionic-precipitation methods with the values obtained by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. A similar result for total HDL cholesterol was obtained by all three methods. However, HDL2 cholesterol as measured by the precipitation procedures was significantly higher than the zonal value, and HDL3 was lower. This reflects the different underlying principles involved in the separations and highlights the need for a clearer understanding of the functional roles of the HDL fractions.

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Testosterone Correlation with Low and High Density Lipoprotein in Male Type 2 Diabetics

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i40b32279 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 200-206

Author(s):

Mubeena Laghari ◽

Shazia Murtaza ◽

Zuha Talpur ◽

Mohsina Hamid ◽

Faryal Adnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Testosterone Level ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

High Density ◽

Assay Method ◽

Male Type ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Low Serum

Aim: To determine correlation of serum testosterone with low and high density lipoprotein in male type 2 Diabetics presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh. Methodology: A cross sectional study, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital from January 2018 to February 2019. One hundred male type 2 diabetics (cases) and one hundred age matched male (control) were selected through non – probability purposive sampling. Male diagnosed cases of DM belonging to 4th to 6th decade of life was included. Blood samples were collected by venesection and sera were squeezed by centrifugation and stored at – 20 0C in refrigerators. Testosterone was estimated by the ELISA (competitive immuno- assay) assay method and blood lipids - cholesterol, triglycerides (TAGs), LDLc and HDLc by colorimetric method. Pearson`s correlation was generated on Statistical software SPSS 21.0 version (IBM, Incorp, USA) for correlation of serum testosterone with lipids fractions (P≤0.05). Results: Age shows majority of male type 2 diabetics were in their 5th decade. We found low serum testosterone level (10.85±4.7 mmol/L) in cases compared to normal testosterone level (13.39±3.8 mmol/L) in control (P=0.0001). Pearson`s correlation shows inverse association with HDLc (r= -0.70) (P=0.0001) and positive association with LDLc (r= 0.670) (P=0.0001). Conclusion: We found low serum testosterone in male type 2 diabetics that showed negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDLc) and positive correlation with low density lipoprotein (LDLc).

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Use of a dual-precipitation procedure for measuring high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3) in normolipidemic serum.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1390 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1390-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T A Cloey ◽

P S Bachorik

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Precipitation Procedure ◽

The Difference ◽

Hdl2 Cholesterol

Abstract We compared results by a dual-precipitation method (J Lipid Res 1982;23:1206-23) for measuring high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3) cholesterol with those by ultracentrifugation at d 1.125, using 56 fresh and 105 frozen-stored serum samples. For both methods, HDL2-cholesterol was calculated as the difference between total HDL-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol. In general, for pooled serum samples, agreement was closest with ultracentrifugation when we used a dextran sulfate concentration of 5.0 mg/L to precipitate the HDL2-rich fraction, although the optimal concentration varied from 3.0 to 6.8 mg/L for different pools. For individual samples, the values for HDL3 by dual precipitation averaged 12.8% lower than by ultracentrifugation. The coefficients of correlation between the two methods were HDL3, r = 0.70; and HDL2, r = 0.92. The dual-precipitation method reflected the expected sex-related differences in HDL2-cholesterol concentration and inverse relationship with triglyceride concentration.

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Do Turkish adults really have lower serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol?

Acta Cardiologica ◽

10.2143/ac.62.5.2023407 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 453-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Duran ◽

R. Memisogullari ◽

A. Coskun ◽

O. Yavuz ◽

H. Yuksel

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Lower Serum

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High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Maria Pia Adorni ◽

Nicoletta Ronda ◽

Franco Bernini ◽

Francesca Zimetti

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.

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Is There Any Association Between Uric Acid to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Erectile Dysfunction?

Grand Journal of Urology ◽

10.5222/gju.2021.00719 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dilay Karabulut ◽

Mustafa Gürkan Yenice

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Group 3

Objective: Elevated uric acid (UA) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been considered an early marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the uric acid/ HDL ratio (UHR) as a nowel marker in patients with ED. Materials and Methods: The study included 147 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range 32-76 years). Retrospective analyses were performed on the patients who were admitted to urology outpatient clinics. The laboratory parameter results were retrieved from the hospital medical records, and the UHR value was calculated. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score. UHR was compared between groups, and its predictive value was evaluated using regression analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results: Age was found to be significantly different in all three groups (Groups 1-2, p=0.001; Groups 1-3, p=0.000; Groups 2-3, p=0.001). It was observed that the degree of ED increased with age. The values of UA and HDL were similar in all groups (p>0.05). In contrast, the UHR value was statistically significantly higher 0.15 (0.083-0.288, p =0.047) in the moderate-severe ED (Group 3). ROC curve analyses revealed that UHR predicted severe ED (IIEF 5-11) with 42.9% sensitivity and 87.3% specificity (AUC:0.66, CI 95% 0.538-0.781, p=0.019). Conclusion: UHR may serve as a severe ED indicator in patients admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinic since it has a significant association with a low IIEF score.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents in Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran

10.32592/ircmj.2021.23.4.222 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Age Groups ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Dyslipidemia, a genetic and multifactorial disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, is defined by elevations in levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C), triglyceride, or some combination thereof, as well as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in the Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of the national project implemented in Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran. The sampling was performed using a multi-stage cluster sampling method on three age groups of girls and boys (6-9, 10-14, and 15-18 years old). Out of the total 1,035 children and adolescents who participated in this study, only 784 participants remained in the study until the end. Data collection was performed using lifestyle questionnaires including Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version. Results: The prevalence of high triglyceride was estimated at 1.4% and 4.2% in 6-9 and 10-18 years old children and adolescents, respectively. The prevalence of high cholesterol, LDL, and HDL was 3.2%, 3.2%, and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the total population of children and adolescents in terms of demographic variables was 64.6% and 57.3% in boys and girls, respectively (P=0.038). Gender and increase in body mass index were significantly associated with dyslipidemia with OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.81 and OR=13.781; 95% CI: 3.78- 46.43, respectively. However, after adjustment for other factors, only an increase in BMI was significantly associated with dyslipidemia (OR=16.08; 95% CI: 4.49-57.59). Conclusions: Overweight and obese adolescents had a higher concentration of serum blood triglycerides, compared to other adolescents. Weight control, lifestyle modification, and diet are three ways to reduce lipid disorders in adolescents.

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