Preparation of surfactant multilayer films on solid substrates by deposition from organic solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seul ◽  
M.J. Sammon
1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gero Decher ◽  
Joseph Maclennan ◽  
J�rgen Reibel ◽  
Ulrich Sohling

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 8893-8906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Lösche ◽  
Johannes Schmitt ◽  
Gero Decher ◽  
Wim G. Bouwman ◽  
Kristian Kjaer

Author(s):  
Amanda K. Petford-Long ◽  
A. Cerezo ◽  
M.G. Hetherington

The fabrication of multilayer films (MLF) with layer thicknesses down to one monolayer has led to the development of materials with unique properties not found in bulk materials. The properties of interest depend critically on the structure and composition of the films, with the interfacial regions between the layers being of particular importance. There are a number of magnetic MLF systems based on Co, several of which have potential applications as perpendicular magnetic (e.g Co/Cr) or magneto-optic (e.g. Co/Pt) recording media. Of particular concern are the effects of parameters such as crystallographic texture and interface roughness, which are determined by the fabrication conditions, on magnetic properties and structure.In this study we have fabricated Co-based MLF by UHV thermal evaporation in the prechamber of an atom probe field-ion microscope (AP). The multilayers were deposited simultaneously onto cobalt field-ion specimens (for AP and position-sensitive atom probe (POSAP) microanalysis without exposure to atmosphere) and onto the flat (001) surface of oxidised silicon wafers (for subsequent study in cross-section using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) in a JEOL 4000EX. Deposi-tion was from W filaments loaded with material in the form of wire (Co, Fe, Ni, Pt and Au) or flakes (Cr). The base pressure in the chamber was around 8×10−8 torr during deposition with a typical deposition rate of 0.05 - 0.2nm/s.


1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Kushinsky ◽  
Jane (Wu) Tang

ABSTRACT A convenient and mild procedure is described in this paper whereby free and conjugated oestrogens may be extracted from urine. The extracts containing approximately 90 per cent of the oestrogens are devoid of most of the extraneous material and may be reduced in volume to less than 1/15 of that of the urine. The procedure consists of the following steps: (1) a 10 per cent (v/v) solution of a high molecular weight secondary amine (Amberlite LA-2, Rohm and Haas) in ethyl acetate is washed with formic acid and water, (2) the oestrogens in urine (acidified to pH 2 or 3 with H2SO4) are extracted with the LA-2 solution, (3) the oestrogen fraction is back-extracted from the organic solution with dilute aqueous ammonia.


1997 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Yang ◽  
F. R. Brotzen ◽  
D. L. Callahan ◽  
C. F. Dunn

ABSTRACTQuantitative measurement of the adhesion strength of thin film metallizations has been achieved by a novel technique employing electrostatic forces to generate delaminating stresses. This technique has been used in testing the adhesion of Al-Cu, Cu, and Al multilayer films deposited on Si. Micro-blister-type failure is revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The delamination process and the geometry of the blister are discussed. The measured adhesion data fit a Weibull distribution function.


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480f-481
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Succop ◽  
Steven E. Newman

Fresh-market basil has become a viable greenhouse commodity in Colorado. Marketing pressures and profit advantages also encourage the production of certified organic produce. The research objectives were to determine the length of time basil plants were productive in the greenhouse and to compare the production of fresh-market basil grown with three root zone systems and two fertilizer treatments. The three systems were hydroponic rockwool slab culture, hydroponic perlite raised bed culture, and hydroponic peat/perlite/compost bag culture. The two types of hydroponic fertilizer treatments were a salt-based formulated nutrient solution and an organic solution consisting of fermented poultry compost, hydrolized fish emulsion, and soluble kelp. The plants were harvested once per week for fresh weight determination. The results from the two runs show greater productivity for the plants in the perlite system as well as the bag mix system when fertilized with the organic fertilizer compared to salt-based fertilizer. However, productivity of the plants in the rockwool system was greater with the salt-based treatment compared to the organic treatment.


2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 1333-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rein Ulijn ◽  
Luigi Martin ◽  
Lucia Gardossi ◽  
Peter Halling
Keyword(s):  

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