Cerebral cortical atrophy and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in a steroid-treated child with asthma

1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
W SPIEGEL ◽  
S MCGEADY ◽  
H MANSMANNJR
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Cerebral Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Treated Child

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

scholarly journals RARE-19. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHOTREXATE TOXICITY AND GENETIC VARIANTS OF METHIONINE AND FOLATE METABOLISM RELATED GENES IN PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi225-vi225
Author(s):  
Ka-wai Ho ◽  
Synphen Wu ◽  
Raymond Baser ◽  
Irene Orlow ◽  
Denise Correa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Bone Marrow Toxicity

Abstract BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is the backbone of therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). There have been conflicting results over whether polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and transcobalamin 2 (TCN2) genes modulate MTX-associated toxicity. METHODS This is a retrospective study involving patients who underwent MTX-based chemotherapy for PCNSL and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the MTHFR (Ala222Val, C >T; Glu429Ala, A >C) and TCN (Arg259Pro, C >T) genes as part of a separate study investigating the association of genetic risk factors for treatment-related cognitive dysfunction. Renal, hepatic, and bone marrow toxicities were graded according to CTCAEv5.0, and only toxicities grade 3 or higher were considered clinically significant. MRIs of the brain during and after MTX treatment were rated for white matter changes (WMC) and cortical atrophy (CA). Genotypes were cross-tabulated with toxicities and worsening of WMC and CA. Associations were tested using Fisher’s exact tests. RESULTS We identified 35 PCNSL patients treated with MTX and had available genotyping data. 18 patients (51%) carried one or more MTHFR-T (c.222 Val) alleles, 16 patients (46%) had one or more MTHFR- C (c.429 Ala) alleles, and 30 patients (86%) had one or more TCN-G (c. 259 Pro) alleles. Bivariate analysis revealed that the MTHFR-T (c.222Val) allele was associated with increased hepatotoxicity (p=0.03). None of the polymorphisms tested were associated with renal or bone marrow toxicity. Though changes in CA were observed, the association of polymorphisms with WMC or CA did not reach statistical significance, potentially confounded by small sample size and limited sensitivity of rating scales. CONCLUSION These preliminary observations suggest that the Val on codon 222 of the MTHFR gene might be involved in the modulation of toxicity, however a larger study is required to assess whether variants involved in methionine metabolism may influence MTX-associated hepatotoxicity in PCNSL patients.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Confocal laser microscopy of impregnated central nervous system tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
D. Szarowski ◽  
D.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reflected Light

A classic preparation of central nervous system tissue (CNS) is the Golgi procedure popularized by Cajal. The method is partially specific as only a few cells are impregnated with silver chromate usualy after osmium post fixation. Samples are observable by light (LM) or electron microscopy (EM). However, the impregnation is often so dense that structures are masked in EM, and the osmium background may be undesirable in LM. Gold toning is used for a subtle but high contrast EM preparation, and osmium can be omitted for LM. We are investigating these preparations as part of a study to develop correlative LM and EM (particularly HVEM) methodologies in neurobiology. Confocal light microscopy is particularly useful as the impregnated cells have extensive three-dimensional structure in tissue samples from one to several hundred micrometers thick. Boyde has observed similar preparations in the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSRLM).

Postsynaptic neuronal geometry and synaptic effectiveness

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
C.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Postsynaptic Neuron ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Partial Analysis ◽  
Postsynaptic Cell ◽  
Neuronal Geometry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complex Scale

Most central nervous system neurons receive synaptic input from hundreds or thousands of other neurons, and the computational function of such neurons results from the interactions of inputs on a large and complex scale. In most situations that have yielded to a partial analysis, the synaptic inputs to a neuron are not alike in function, but rather belong to distinct categories that differ qualitatively in the nature of their effect on the postsynaptic cell, and quantitatively in the strength of their influence. Many factors have been demonstrated to contribute to synaptic function, but one of the simplest and best known of these is the geometry of the postsynaptic neuron. The fundamental nature of the relationship between neuronal shape and synaptic effectiveness was established on theoretical grounds prior to its experimental verification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document