Multiple α- and β-tubulin genes in chlamydomonas and regulation of tubulin mRNA levels after deflagellation

Cell ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Silflow
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Β Tubulin

Evidence for translational control of β-tubulin synthesis during differentiation ofLeishmania donovani

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bhaumik ◽  
S. Das ◽  
S. Adhya
Keyword(s):  
Translational Control ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Translational Efficiency ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Β Tubulin

Tubulin biosynthesis was rapidly induced during transformation of the mammalian (amastigote) stage of the kinetoplastid parasiteLeishmania donovanito flagellated promastigotes. However, transcription of β-tubulin genes occurred constitutively, as judged by nascent RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei and Northern blotting of steady-state mRNA. Two mRNA species of 2.2 and 2.4 kb were shared by the two cell-types, while a third 2.6 kb species, constituting about 20% of the total, was present in large amounts in promastigotes. RNase protection experiments demonstrated sequence micro-heterogeneity in the 5′-untranslated region, the pattern of which was identical in promastigotes and amastigotes. By primer extension assays, heterogeneity in the 5′-terminal cap structure of amastigote β-tubulin mRNA and differential pausing of reverse transcriptase within the mini-exon leader region were detected. These differences correlated with enhanced translational efficiency of tubulin mRNA from promastigotes in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The results indicate that translational control plays a major role in tubulin induction duringL. donovanidifferentiation.

Differential regulation of beta III and other tubulin genes during peripheral and central neuron development

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651
Author(s):  
Y.Q. Jiang ◽  
M.M. Oblinger
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Tubulin Mrna

Mammalian peripheral and central neurons differ considerably in the composition and properties of their axonal cytoskeletons. Recent reports of the selective expression of a high molecular weight (HMW) tau protein in neurons with peripherally projecting axons have furthered the idea that the microtubules in central and peripheral neurons are disparate. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the various tubulin genes are differentially expressed in central versus peripheral neurons. To examine this, we compared the expression of four of the beta-tubulin mRNAs (classes beta I, beta II, beta III, beta IV) and the alpha 1-tubulin mRNA in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with their expression in cerebral cortex during postnatal development (P5-90), using northern blots and in situ hybridization. We document both similarities and differences in tubulin gene expression in these two regions of the neuraxis during postnatal development. In both DRG and cortex, the expression of the class beta I- and beta II-tubulin mRNAs and the alpha 1-tubulin mRNA was higher at earlier stages of postnatal development than in the adult. However, class beta IV-tubulin mRNA levels increased during cortical development but decreased during DRG postnatal development. The opposite pattern was found for the neuron-specific class beta III-tubulin gene, the mRNA levels of which were high in cortex, at birth and then decreased with increasing postnatal development. In DRG, the beta III-tubulin mRNA levels generally increased during postnatal development. Beta III-tubulin protein levels were examined qualitatively at different developmental stages (5-90 days) by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals β-Tubulin mRNA as a Marker ofCryptosporidium parvum Oocyst Viability

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Widmer ◽  
Elizabeth A. Orbacz ◽  
Saul Tzipori
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Mrna Species ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Β Tubulin

ABSTRACT Determining the viability of waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts remains a technical challenge. rRNA and mRNA were evaluated in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay as potential markers of oocyst viability. The rationale for this approach is the rapid turnover and postmortem decay of cellular RNA. The β-tubulin mRNA and an anonymous mRNA transcript were chosen as potential markers because they are the only mRNA species in C. parvum known to possess introns. This feature facilitated the distinction between genuine RT-PCR products and PCR products originating from copurifying DNA. Prolonged incubation at room temperature of initially viable oocysts resulted in a gradual decrease in mRNA levels, which correlated with the loss of oocyst infectivity to neonatal mice. In contrast, oocysts stored at 4°C for over 39 weeks maintained their infectivity and displayed no decrease in the level of β-tubulin RT-PCR product. The postmortem decay of two mRNA species demonstrates that RT-PCR analysis can provide information on the viability of C. parvum oocysts. The methodological similarity between PCR detection and RT-PCR viability analysis could facilitate the development of a combined detection and viability assay.

Cloning and sequencing of tubulin cDNAs from Artemia franciscana: evidence for differential expression of α- and β-tubulin genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy A. Garant ◽  
Thomas H. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Β Tubulin

Tubulin is a heterodimeric protein composed of α- and β-tubulin. In most organisms, they are encoded by multiple gene families whose members are subject to differential regulation. The objective of the work described herein was to better understand tubulin gene expression in the extremophile Artemia franciscana To this end tubulin cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. αAT2, an α-tubulin cDNA, differed by one nucleotide from αAT1, a previously cloned Artemia cDNA. This change, possibly generated by allelic variation, caused an M313V substitution in α-tubulin. The amino acid sequence of β-tubulin encoded by βAT1, one of only a very limited number of cloned crustacean β-tubulin cDNA sequences yet available, and the first from Artemia, was similar to other β-tubulins. However, βAT1 possessed four degenerate TATA boxes in the 5′ untranslated region, although authentic TATA and CCAAT boxes occurred in the 3′ non-coding sequence. Analyses by quantitative PCR demonstrated that the amount of tubulin mRNA declined relative to total mRNA in progressive life history stages of Artemia and also that the organism contained more αAT2- than βAT1-tubulin mRNA at all developmental phases examined.

Tubulin expression and axonal transport in injured and regenerating neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson E. Fournier ◽  
Lisa McKerracher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Graft ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Β Tubulin

Microtubules are essential components of the cytoskeleton required for axonal growth. To investigate how changes in tubulin transport and expression may affect axon regeneration, injury in the adult mammalian central nervous system was studied. Axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that do not regenerate were compared with RGCs that regenerate their axons when the optic nerve is replaced with a peripheral nerve graft. When RGC axons regenerated through peripheral nerve grafts, the rate of slow transport increased but decreased when no regrowth occurred. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that mediate these responses, alterations in tubulin mRNA levels after injury were examined. Total tubulin mRNA levels fell after injury in the optic nerve but increased in those RGCs that regenerated their axons into a peripheral nerve graft. Further, the expression of four separate β-tubulin isotypes in injured rat RGCs was characterized. mRNA levels for all four isotypes decreased in RGCs after injury in the optic nerve. How the autoregulation of tubulin expression may contribute to the changes in β-tubulin isotype expression after injury is discussed.Key words: tubulin, retinal ganglion cell, axotomy, axonal transport, in situ hybridization.

scholarly journals Susceptible trichostrongyloid species mask presence of benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Mohammedsalih ◽  
Jürgen Krücken ◽  
Ahmed Bashar ◽  
Fathel-Rahman Juma ◽  
Abdalhakaim A. H. Abdalmalaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Β Tubulin

Abstract Background Benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics are widely used to control infections with parasitic nematodes, but BZ resistance is an emerging threat among several nematode species infecting humans and animals. In Sudan, BZ-resistant Haemonchus contortus populations were recently reported in goats in South Darfur State. The objective of this study was to collect data regarding the situation of BZ resistance in cattle parasitic nematodes in South Darfur using phenotypic and molecular approaches, besides providing some epidemiological data on nematodes in cattle. Methods The faecal egg count reduction test and the egg hatch test (EHT) were used to evaluate benzimidazole efficacy in cattle nematodes in five South Darfur study areas: Beleil, Kass, Nyala, Rehed Al-Birdi and Tulus. Genomic DNA was extracted from pools of third-stage larvae (L3) (n = 40) during trials, before and after treatment, and pools of adult male Haemonchus spp. (n = 18) from abattoirs. The polymorphisms F167Y, E198A and F200Y in isotype 1 β-tubulin genes of H. contortus and H. placei were analysed using Sanger and pyrosequencing. Results Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in cattle was 71% (313/443). Reduced albendazole faecal egg count reduction efficacy was detected in three study areas: Nyala (93.7%), Rehed Al-Birdi (89.7%) and Tulus (88.2%). In the EHT, EC50 values of these study areas ranged between 0.032 and 0.037 µg/ml thiabendazole. Genus-specific PCRs detected the genera Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Cooperia in L3 samples collected after albendazole treatment. Sanger sequencing followed by pyrosequencing assays did not detect elevated frequencies of known BZ resistance-associated alleles in codon F167Y, E198A and F200Y in isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of H. placei (≤ 11.38%). However, polymorphisms were detected in H. contortus and in samples with mixed infections with H. contortus and H. placei at codon 198, including E198L (16/58), E198V (2/58) and potentially E198Stop (1/58). All pooled L3 samples post-albendazole treatment (n = 13) were identified as H. contortus with an E198L substitution at codon 198. Conclusions To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of reduced albendazole efficacy in cattle in Sudan and is the first study describing an E198L substitution in phenotypically BZ-resistant nematodes collected from cattle.

Regulation of tubulin and actin mRNA production in rat brain: expression of a new beta-tubulin mRNA with development

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342
Author(s):  
J F Bond ◽  
S R Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Mrna Species ◽  
Tubulin Mrna ◽  
Actin Mrna

The expression of alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and actin mRNA during rat brain development has been examined by using specific cDNA clones and in vitro translation techniques. During brain maturation (0 to 80 days postnatal), these mRNA species undergo a significant decrease in abundance. The kinetics of this decrease varies between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. These mRNAs are most abundant in both tissues during week 1 postnatal, each representing 10 to 15% of total mRNA activity. Both alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNA content decreases by 90 to 95% in the cerebrum after day 11 postnatal, and 70 to 80% decreases in the cerebellum after day 16. Actin sequences also decrease but to a lesser extent in both tissues (i.e., 50%). These decreases coincide with the major developmental morphological changes (i.e., neurite extension) occurring during this postnatal period. These studies have also identified the appearance of a new 2.5-kilobase beta-tubulin mRNA species, which is more predominant in the cerebellar cytoplasm. The appearance of this form occurs at a time when the major 1.8-kilobase beta-tubulin mRNA levels are declining. The possibility that the tubulin multigene family is phenotypically expressed and then this expression responds to the morphological state of the nerve cells is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of white mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Bilonozhko ◽  
A. M. Rabokon ◽  
A. S. Postovoitova ◽  
L. O. Kalafat ◽  
N. S. Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Intron Length ◽  
Intron Length Polymorphism ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Β Tubulin

Aim. The aim of the study was to establish genetic differences between V. album growing in different parts of Ukraine. Methods. White mistletoe samples collected in different regions of Ukraine were used in the study. The method of estimating the intron length polymorphism of β-tubulin genes was used. Amplified DNA fragments were fractionated by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver nitrate staining. Results. The genotypes of 91 white mistletoe plants were analyzed. DNA profiles of white mistletoe with a specific amplicons of β-tubulin gene introns were obtained, which allowed to differentiate the samples from each other. Fingerprinting data were used for cluster analysis and dendrogram construction. Conclusions. It was found that the analyzed mistletoe samples did not differ by geographical factor and were characterized by a low level of genetic diversity in the studied samples. Keywords: Viscum album L., intron length polymorphism, β-tubulin, genetic variability, Ukraine.

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