Core sampling technique for bulk density and porosity determination on a clay loam soil

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Loam Soil

Fly ash influence on near-surface temperature of a clay loam soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M Hammermeister ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
M. A. Naeth
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

It has been suggested that fly ash, when applied as a soil amendment, would increase soil temperature. However, no quantitative data have been provided to support this hypothesis. This hypothesis was tested on four fly ash treatments (0, 100, 200, and 400 t ha−1) applied to clay loam soil in a randomized block design. Bi-hourly soil temperatures were measured on 3 summer days over 2 yr, and afternoon temperatures were measured on randomly selected spring days at 5-, 10-, and 20-cm depths in the four fly ash treatments. Temperatures were measured in conjunction with surface bulk density, water content, and particle size distribution which were also used to calculate thermal heat capacity. Fly ash decreased percent clay, soil water content, and soil heat capacity. Contrary to previously expected trends, fly ash amendment did not significantly increase mean daily soil temperature under dry conditions. Generalizations in the literature regarding the influence of fly ash on soil temperature, bulk density, and water-holding capacity must be considered carefully since they generally relate only to coarse to medium textured soils. Key words: Soil amendments, bulk density, reclamation, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric water content, particle size distribution

INFLUENCE OF SOIL BULK DENSITY AND MATRIC PRESSURE ON SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. MIRREH ◽  
J. W. KETCHESON
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

Cylinders of a clay loam soil were adjusted to different bulk density and matric pressure combinations to study soil resistance to a penetrating probe. Regression analysis of the penetrometer data produced no evidence to reject a regression model of the form Y = β0X0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X12 + β4X22 + β5X1X2 (where Y = penetrometer resistance, X1 = bulk density, X2 = matric pressure). A three-dimensional plot of the generated soil resistance values was constructed to illustrate the nature of the interaction. At any one bulk density in the range 1.0–1.5 g/cc, soil resistance values tended to pass through a maximum as soil moisture was removed over the matric pressure range 1.0–8.0 atm. The tendency was most pronounced at the lower bulk densities. Implications on root growth and soil management are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Hydrological Properties of a Clay Loam Soil as Affected by Biochar Application in a Pot Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Angela Libutti ◽  
Matteo Francavilla ◽  
Massimo Monteleone
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Impact

Improving soil-water relations by amending soil with biochar might play a significant role in increasing water availability for agricultural crops as well as decreasing water loss through drainage or runoff. While the effects of biochar on the hydrological properties on coarse-textured soils are generally positive and well-documented in the literature, studies on biochar effects on fine-textured soils are rather scarce and even contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of biochar on the bulk density, water retention curve (together with several water capacitive indicators) and water infiltration rate in a clay loam soil. A pot experiment was carried out under lab conditions in which biochar was mixed with soil at rates of 0 (B0 or control), 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% dw (B2, B4, B6, B8 and B10, respectively). Water retention of soil–biochar mixtures at different matrix potentials was determined using a pressure plate apparatus. From these measurements, a series of capacitive indicators was derived and the fitting of the van Genuchten model was also performed. Water infiltration into soil–biochar mixtures was measured by means of a mini-disk infiltrometer and the obtained data were analyzed both directly and by fitting the Philip’s model. Biochar significantly affected the considered soil properties. As the biochar rate increased, the bulk density decreased and water retention increased (B6, B8 and B10 > B2, B4 and B0), while the infiltration rate decreased (B0 > B2, B4, B6, B8 and B10). Although the experiment was performed on sieved and repacked soil samples under lab conditions, the results confirmed that biochar has the potential to increase plant-available water, while possibly reducing drainage water in a clay loam soil by lowering the infiltration rate.

The effects of subsoil loosening and deep incorporation of nutrients on yield of broad beans, cabbage, leck, potatoes and red beet

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYExperiments were made on a sandy clay loam soil with five crops to determine the effects of thorough loosening of the subsoil and deep incorporation of nutrients on yields during the subsequent 4 years.Loosening to 0·9 m increased fresh-weight yields by between nil and 95% depending on the crop and season. Responses were still considerable 4 years after the initial loosening and there was no evidence of any decline with time. Deep incorporation of nutrients did not improve yields.Loosening gave a durable increase in the volume of coarse pores and decreases in bulk density and penetrometer resistance. It also nearly doubled the rate of root extension when estimates were made for one crop, consistently increased water extraction from below 30 cm and, on occasion, reduced plant water stress.It is concluded that most of the benefits from deep loosening resulted from improvements i the rate at which plants could extract water rather than nutrients from the subsoil.

scholarly journals Allyl Isothiocyanate and Carbon Dioxide Produced during Degradation of Brassica juncea Tissue in Different Soil Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1734-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Craig S. Charron ◽  
Arnold M. Saxton ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Loam Soil

A study was conducted to quantify volatiles generated from Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerniak) tissue incorporated into soils under controlled conditions. Mustard residues were incorporated into noncovered and covered soils that varied by texture, temperature, moisture, pH, or sterility (autoclaved or nonautoclaved). Sandy loam soil had 38% more allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) than clay loam soil. AITC concentration in 45 °C soil was 81% higher than in soil at 15 °C, and 56% higher in covered compared to noncovered treatments. The microbial catabolism of AITC was suggested by the result that AITC concentration in autoclaved soils was over three times that measured in nonautoclaved soils. The highest AITC level detected (1.71 μmol·L–1) occurred in the autoclaved covered soil. Several factors also influenced CO2 evolution. At 30 or 45 °C, CO2 concentration was at least 64% higher than at 15°C. The covered soil had over twice the CO2 found in the noncovered soil, and the nonautoclaved soil treatment yielded twice the CO2 measured in the autoclaved soil. There were no main effect differences among soil moisture, soil pH, and soil texture treatments for CO2 concentrations. This information could be helpful in defining ideal soil conditions for field scale experiments. Additionally, this study demonstrates a sampling technique for testing fumigation potential of biofumigation and solarization systems that may have the potential to replace methyl bromide.

scholarly journals Using Organic Amendments to Decrease Bulk Density and Increase Macroporosity in Compacted Soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Angela Rivenshield ◽  
Nina Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Food Waste Compost

Samples of compacted sandy loam and clay loam soil were amended with organic matter: sphagnum peat or food waste compost. Amendments were incorporated into the soil samples at 0%, 10%, 33%, 50%, and 75% on a volume-to-volume basis. Changes in bulk density and macroporosity resulting from amendation were measured. In every permutation but one, macroporosity increased and bulk density decreased to below root-restricting thresholds. These results held true for the half of the samples that were manually recompacted. Differences between the amendments were not significant. Amendation with sufficient amounts of sphagnum peat or food waste compost alleviates compaction, creating an environment more conducive for root growth.

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

Effect of Cow Manure on Dielectric Properties of Clay Loam Soil at Microwave Frequency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Asha Buliya ◽  
◽  
K. C. Pancholi K. C. Pancholi ◽  
R. K. Paliwal R. K. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil
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