Bioreactor design and product yield

Zinc sulfamate (Zn(NH2SO3)2 is a derivative of sulfamic acid (H3NSO3) which possesses “Lewis acidity” and finds well suited in a number of catalytic applications. The present paper describes an efficient, eco-friendly, and clean synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives by reacting diverse o-phenylenediamine with various substituted aromatic aldehydes using a catalytic amount of zinc sulfamate in ethanol at ambient temperature. As a result, 10 mol.% of Zinc sulfamate catalyst showed 92% of respective product yield with 100% conversion using short reaction period in ethanol. Meanwhile, effect of reaction parameters, such as amount of catalyst, different solvents, and reaction temperature on reaction product, was also studied. In addition, in the optimized reaction condition various substituted biological important benzimidazoles derivatives were prepared by using optimized reaction condition in good to efficient yield. In addition, possible reaction mechanism in the presence of zinc sulfamate for the preparation of benzimidazole derivative was sketched and discussed. The present green approach showed significances with faster reaction rate with inexpensive catalyst, which showed excellent and clean yield of benzimidazole in mild reaction condition with easy work-up procedure.

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Product Yield Enhancement by Spacer Thickness Variation Reduction

2021 32nd Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC) ◽

10.1109/asmc51741.2021.9435668 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ritesh Ray Chaudhuri ◽

William Simpson ◽

Daniel Fedor ◽

Prabhakar Bharatan ◽

Joseph Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Product Yield ◽

Yield Enhancement ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Variation Reduction ◽

Spacer Thickness

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Kinetic Analysis of Lidocaine Elimination by Pig Liver Cells Cultured in 3D Multi-Compartment Hollow Fiber Membrane Network Perfusion Bioreactors

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering8080104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Gerardo Catapano ◽

Juliane K. Unger ◽

Elisabetta M. Zanetti ◽

Gionata Fragomeni ◽

Jörg C. Gerlach

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Analysis ◽

Drug Screening ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Fiber Membrane ◽

Bioreactor Design ◽

Drug Adsorption ◽

And Performance ◽

Cells Cultured

Liver cells cultured in 3D bioreactors is an interesting option for temporary extracorporeal liver support in the treatment of acute liver failure and for animal models for preclinical drug screening. Bioreactor capacity to eliminate drugs is generally used for assessing cell metabolic competence in different bioreactors or to scale-up bioreactor design and performance for clinical or preclinical applications. However, drug adsorption and physical transport often disguise the intrinsic drug biotransformation kinetics and cell metabolic state. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic kinetics of lidocaine elimination and adsorption by porcine liver cells cultured in 3D four-compartment hollow fiber membrane network perfusion bioreactors. Models of lidocaine transport and biotransformation were used to extract intrinsic kinetic information from response to lidocaine bolus of bioreactor versus adhesion cultures. Different from 2D adhesion cultures, cells in the bioreactors are organized in liver-like aggregates. Adsorption on bioreactor constituents significantly affected lidocaine elimination and was effectively accounted for in kinetic analysis. Lidocaine elimination and cellular monoethylglicinexylidide biotransformation featured first-order kinetics with near-to-in vivo cell-specific capacity that was retained for times suitable for clinical assist and drug screening. Different from 2D cultures, cells in the 3D bioreactors challenged with lidocaine were exposed to close-to-physiological lidocaine and monoethylglicinexylidide concentration profiles. Kinetic analysis suggests bioreactor technology feasibility for preclinical drug screening and patient assist and that drug adsorption should be accounted for to assess cell state in different cultures and when laboratory bioreactor design and performance is scaled-up to clinical use or toxicological drug screening.

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Pyrolysis of almond shell biomass: effect of temperature and catalyst on product yield

International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1080/03067319.2021.1899167 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran Din ◽

Alizzah Amanat ◽

Zaib Hussain ◽

Rida Khalid ◽

Abdul Rauf

Keyword(s):

Product Yield ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Almond Shell

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Green Solvents as an Alternative to DMF in ZIF-90 Synthesis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1573

Author(s):

Aljaž Škrjanc ◽

Ciara Byrne ◽

Nataša Zabukovec Logar

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Product Yield ◽

Solvent Exchange ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽

Short Treatment ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Primary Particles ◽

High Product Yield

The use of green solvents as an alternative to dimethylformamide (DMF) in the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) was investigated. Two biobased aprotic dipolar solvents CyreneTM and γ-valerolactone (GVL) proved to successfully replace DMF in the synthesis at room temperature with a high product yield. While the CyreneTM—based product shows reduced porosity after activation, the use of GVL resulted in materials with preserved crystallinity and porosity after activation, without prior solvent exchange and a short treatment at 200 °C. The primary particles of 30 nm to 60 nm in all products further form agglomerates of different size and interparticle mesoporosity, depending on the type and molar ratios of solvents used.

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Enzymatic Process for Cystoseira barbata Valorization: Ethanol Production and Additional By-Products

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Doinita-Roxana Cioroiu Tirpan ◽

Ancaelena Eliza Sterpu ◽

Claudia Irina Koncsag ◽

Alina Georgiana Ciufu ◽

Tănase Dobre

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Product Yield ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cystoseira Barbata ◽

Main Factors ◽

Process Factors

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.

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Optimization of inulin production process parameters using response surface methodology

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00087-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wasim Akram ◽

Navneet Garud

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Product Yield ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Process Variables ◽

Drying Process ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Yield Value ◽

Internal Configuration

Abstract Background Chicory is one of the major source of inulin. In our study, Box–Behnken model/response surface analysis (RSM) was used for the optimization of spray drying process variables to get the maximum inulin yield from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). For this investigation, the investigational plan utilized three process variables drying temperature (115–125 °C), creep speed (20–24 rpm), and pressure (0.02–0.04 MPa). Result The optimal variables established by applying the Box–Behnken model were as follows: drying temperature 119.20 °C, creep speed 21.64 rpm, and pressure 0.03 MPa. The obtained powdered inulin by spray drying was investigated for the yield value, identification, size, and surface morphology of the particle. The inulin obtained from the spray drying process consists of a fine molecule-sized white powder. Instead, the drying methods shows a significant effect on the morphology and internal configuration of the powdered inulin, as the inulin obtained from spray drying was of a widespread and uniform size and shape, with a rough surface on increase in temperature and smoother surface while increasing the creep speed. The findings indicate that the spray drying with optimum parameters resulted in maximum product yield. Conclusion The outcomes of the study concluded that the product yield through spray drying technique under optimized condition is optimal as compared to other drying technique. Hence, this technique may be applied at commercial scale for the production of inulin.

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Bromonium salts: diaryl-λ3-bromanes as halogen-bonding organocatalysts

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc07733j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yasushi Yoshida ◽

Seitaro Ishikawa ◽

Takashi Mino ◽

Masami Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Halogen Bonding ◽

Product Yield ◽

Catalytic Application ◽

Leaving Groups

Bromonium salts have been typically but infrequently used as good leaving groups owing to their high nucleofugality. Herein, we report the synthesis of stable bromonium salts and their first catalytic application, with excellent product yield.

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Laccase and Its Mutant Displayed on the Bacillus subtilis Spore Coat for Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds in Organic Solvents

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11050606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 606

Author(s):

Silu Sheng ◽

Edgardo T. Farinas

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Product Yield ◽

Spore Coat ◽

Subtilis Spore ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Spore ◽

Cota Laccase ◽

Inert Surface

Enzymes displayed on the Bacillus subtilis spore coat have several features that are useful for biocatalysis. The enzyme is preimmobilized on an inert surface of the spore coat, which is due to the natural sporulation process. As a result, protein stability can be increased, and they are resistant to environmental changes. Next, they would not lyse under extreme conditions, such as in organic solvents. Furthermore, they can be easily removed from the reaction solution and reused. The laboratory evolved CotA laccase variant T480A-CotA was used to oxidize the following phenolic substrates: (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and sinapic acid. The kinetic parameters were determined and T480A-CotA had a greater Vmax/Km than wt-CotA for all substrates. The Vmax/Km for T480A-CotA was 4.1, 5.6, and 1.4-fold greater than wt-CotA for (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and sinapic acid, respectively. The activity of wt-CotA and T480A-CotA was measured at different concentrations from 0–70% in organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile). The Vmax for T480A-CotA was observed to be greater than the wt-CotA in all organic solvents. Finally, the T480A-CotA was recycled 7 times over a 23-h period and up to 60% activity for (+)-catechin remained. The product yield was up to 3.1-fold greater than the wild-type.

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