The Effect of Brown Seaweed and Cattle Manure Combinations on The Properties of Eisenia fetida’s Organic Fertilizer

In this study, the effect of brown seaweed (Cystoseira barbata) and cattle manure combinations were investigated as a worm food on the properties of Eisenia fetida worm manure. Seaweed Cystoseira barbata were collected from the coast of Giresun, desalted and dried and then ground. Cattle manure was obtained from cattle breeding dairy and had covered and fermented. Food groups; 0% (control group); 5.45%; 10.90%; 21.81% and 43.63% of the algae were prepared and containing three replicates were given to the worms. The experiment was established in Giresun University Faculty of Science and Letters Biology laboratories according to randomized plot design. The vermicompost groups were analyzed in terms of plant nutrients and mineral levels. The obtained data showed that as the amount of algae increased in the formula and vermicompost groups, the metal levels of Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cr, Mn, Mg and Cu decreased and carbon, CaCO3, N, P and K increased. This means that brown seaweed Cystoseira barbata, which grows naturally on our coasts, can be used in the structure of vermicompost.

Содержание липидов в макрофитах разных районов прибрежной акватории Севастополя (Чёрное море)

Проведено обобщение материалов по содержанию липидов в массовых видах водорослей-макрофитов, обитающих в прибрежных водах Севастополя, в районе бухт Артиллерийской, Карантинной, Казачьей, Балаклавской, Нефтегавани, парка Победы, Приморского бульвара. Содержание липидов в зелёных водорослях Ulva rigida в среднем составляет 2–5 % сухого веса, Enteromorpha intestinalis ― 2–3 %, в красных водорослях Callithamnion corymbosum ― 3–4 %, Ceramium rubrum ― 2–3 %, в бурой водоросли Cystoseira barbata ― 2 % сухого веса. Чёткой зависимости количества липидов от сезона года не установлено, но отмечена тенденция повышенного содержания липидов в водорослях из районов с большей степенью загрязнения. В эксперименте по влиянию соляра при трёхсуточной экспозиции статистически достоверной разницы в содержании липидов от их первоначальной концентрации в ульве не отмечено. В присутствии мидийных выделений, выступающих в роли своеобразного удобрения, наблюдается увеличение содержания липидов.

Microwave Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata

Sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan isolated from brown algae shows a wide range of biological activities that are significantly dependent on its chemical composition, which is closely related to the applied technique and extraction parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) parameters (solvent, temperature, time, and number of cycles) on the Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata polysaccharide yield (%PS) and chemical composition (total sugar, fucose, and sulfate group). The optimal MAE parameters that resulted in the highest polysaccharide extraction from F. virsoides and C. barbata were 0.1 M H2SO4 for 10 min at 80 °C, while the optimal PLE parameters were 0.1 M H2SO4, for two cycles of 15 min at 140 °C. Furthermore, the %PS, chemical structure, molecular properties, and antioxidant activity of the F. virsoides and C. barbata polysaccharide extracts obtained with MAE, PLE, and conventional extraction (CE) performed under previously determinate optimal conditions were compared. PLE resulted in a significantly higher %PS from F. virsoides, while for C. barbata, a similar yield was achieved with CE and PLE, as well as CE and MAE, for both algae. Furthermore, the polysaccharides obtained using PLE had the highest polydispersity index, fucose, and sulfate group content, and the lowest uronic acid content; however their antioxidant activity was lower.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CYSTOSEIRA BARBATA FROM THE BLACK SEA

The purpose of this study was to analyze some chemical elements and to determine the content of total phenols and pigments in the brown seaweed Cystoseira barbata from Rusalka Cape near the Black Sea. In addition, the antioxidant potential of this algae was also evaluated by four methods based on different mechanisms. The obtained results were compared with other scientific studies related to inorganic and organized compositions of Cystoseira barbata from different marine regions.It was found that the seaweed from Rusalka Cape contained high values of manganese, chromium and boron and a high concentration of carotenoids. Therefore, this seaweed was evaluated as a source of microelements, carotenoids and antioxidants.

Enzymatic Process for Cystoseira barbata Valorization: Ethanol Production and Additional By-Products

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.

Anticandidal potentiality of biosynthesized and decorated nanometals with fucoidan

Candida genus includes many hazardous and risky species that can develop resistance toward various antifungal types. Metals nanoparticles (NPs) possess powerful antimicrobial actions, but their potential human toxicity could limit their practices. The algal polysaccharide fucoidan (Fu) was extracted from the macro-brown algae, Cystoseira barbata, analyzed, and used for biosynthesizing nanoparticles of silver (Ag-NPs) and selenium (Se-NPs). The extracted Fu had elevated fucose levels (58.73% of total monosaccharides) and exhibited the main biochemical characteristic of customary Fu. The Fu biosynthesis of Ag-NPs and Se-NPs was achieved via facile direct protocol; Fu-synthesized NPs had 12.86 and 16.18 nm average diameters, respectively. The ultrastructure of Fu-synthesized NPs emphasized well-distributed and spherical particles that were embedded/capped in Fu as combined clusters. The Fu/Ag-NPs and Fu/Se-NPs anticandidal assessments, against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis, revealed that both NPs had powerful fungicidal actions against the examined pathogens. The ultrastructure imaging of subjected C. albicans and C. parapsilosis to NPs revealed that Fu/Ag-NPs and Fu/Se-NPs triggered remarkable distortions, pore formation, and destructive lysis in cell surfaces within 10 h of exposure. The innovative usage of C. barbata Fu for Ag-NP and Se-NP synthesis and the application of their composites as powerful anticandidal agents, with minimized human toxicity, are concluded.