Pyrolysis of almond shell biomass: effect of temperature and catalyst on product yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Alizzah Amanat ◽  
Zaib Hussain ◽  
Rida Khalid ◽  
Abdul Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Almond Shell

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Deana Qarizada ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽  
Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

Effect of Temperature and Catalyst Loading on Product Yield in Catalytic Cracking of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Roozbehani ◽  
Bagher Anvaripour ◽  
Zahra Maghareh Esfahan ◽  
Mojtaba Mirdrikvand ◽  
Saeedeh Imani Moqadam
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Loading

scholarly journals Desulfurisasi Katalitik Tiofen Menggunakan Katalis CoMo/USY dalam Reaktor Batch

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Nanda Pratiwi ◽  
Eddy Heraldy
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Desulfurization Activity

<p>Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas katalis CoMo/USY pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Reaksi dilakukan pada reaktor sistem batch dengan tekanan gas N<sub>2</sub> sebesar 1 bar gas N<sub>2</sub> dan waktu reaksi selama 1 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi temperatur dan variasi karakter katalis pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Product desulfurisasi dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Karakter kestabilan struktur katalis dilihat dengan analisis menggunakan instrument FT-IR. Hasil analisis terhadap uji aktivitas desulfurisasi menunjukkan bahwa pada rentang temperatur 200-300°C, rendemen bertambah dengan meningkatnya temperatur. Adapun efek karakter katalis terhadap aktivitas katalitiknya menunjukkan bahwa karakter katalis yang paling dominan adalah sifat keasaman. Katalis dengan keasaman tertinggi, yaitu katalis CoMo/USY, memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dalam desulfurisasi tiofen dengan rendemen produk sebesar 2,88%. Hasil analisis FT-IR terhadap katalis bekas menunjukkan bahwa struktur cukup stabil dan tidak ada pengotor yang terikat pada katalis.</p><p><strong>Catalytic Desulfurization of Thiophene </strong><strong>using</strong><strong> Como/Usy Catalyst </strong><strong>in</strong><strong> Batch Reactor</strong>. CoMo/USY catalyst activity has been tested for thiophene desulfurization reaction. The reaction was carried out in batch system reactor with N<sub>2</sub> gas pressure of 1 bar and reaction time for 1 hour. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation and catalyst character variation in thiophene desulfurization reaction. The desulfurization products were analyzed by <em>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectra </em>(GC-MS). The characters of structure catalyst were analyzed by <em>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</em> (FT-IR). The results of the analysis of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range 200-300 °C, the yield raised with increasing temperature The analysis results of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range of 200-300°C, the yield raised with increasing temperature. The effect of the catalysts character on its catalytic activity shows that the most dominant character of the catalysts were its acidity. The highest acidity catalyst, CoMo/USY catalyst, has highest activity in thiophene thiophene with the product yield of 2,88%. The result of the FTIR analysis on used catalyst show that the structure was stable and no impurities were attached the catalyst.</p>

scholarly journals Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Barbanera ◽  
Alessandro Cardarelli ◽  
Eleonora Carota ◽  
Marco Castellini ◽  
Tommaso Giannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
By Products

AbstractThis work aims at finding an alternative strategy to manage the waste generated by the winemaking industry to obtain a solid biofuel and phenolic compounds. The effect of temperature (180–260 °C), residence time (1–7 h), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (0.05–0.25) on the co-hydrothermal carbonization of vine pruning and exhausted grape pomace, by using vinasse as moisture source, is studied. The effect of the variables is investigated and optimized using the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology to maximize mass yield, fuel ratio, energy densification yield and phenols extraction yield and to minimize energy consumption. The statistical analysis shows that the carbonization temperature is a crucial parameter of the process, decreasing the product yield on one hand and improving the quality of hydrochar on the other. At the optimal conditions (246.3 °C, 1.6 h, 0.066), an hydrochar yield of 52.64% and a calorific value of 24.1 MJ/kg were obtained. Moreover, the analysis of the H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars demonstrates that carbonisation significantly improves the fuel properties of solid biofuel. Liquid by-products obtained from the HTC process are found to contain high concentrations of organic matter but the BOD/COD ratios suggest their potential valorization by biological methods.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS ON THE BASE ON ETHYLENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (33(60)) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
J. Abdullaev ◽  
S. Nurmanov ◽  
A. Parmonov ◽  
D. Mirkhamitova
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohols ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

Synthesis of 2-methylpropanol-1 from ethylene and ethanol at high pressure was investigated. The process parameters were determined and the effect of temperature and reaction time on the product yield was studied.

Effect of Temperature on Biochar Product Yield from Selected Lignocellulosic Biomass in a Pyrolysis Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Femi Titiladunayo ◽  
Armando G. McDonald ◽  
Olorunnisola Peter Fapetu
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Effect of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Char Yield in Sorghum and Straw Slow Pyrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Filipovici ◽  
Dumitru Tucu ◽  
Andrzej Bialowiec ◽  
Przemyslaw Bukowski ◽  
George Catalin Crisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rate Parameter ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

Different approach to valorise the sweet sorghum using pyrolysis process to obtain valuable resources for energy production: bio-char, bio-oil and syngas are presented in the paper. In this study the influence of process parameters of slow pyrolysis on sorghum and straw were analysed. Temperatures used in the process varied from 400 to 800�C and heating rate parameter varied from 10�C . min-1 to 65�C . min-1. The experiments were conducted using a lab scale slow pyrolysis reactor with electric heaters, equipped with a thermo balance analyzer to collect data of pyrolysis process. The achieved product yield can vary significantly according to the slow pyrolysis parameters. The temperature influenced more on the bio-char yield compared to the heating rate parameter. The highest bio-char yield (over 35% weight,) was obtained at 400�C and heating rate of 10�C . min-1.

scholarly journals Isomerization and Dehydroaromatization of R(+)-Limonene Over the Ti-MCM-41 Catalyst: Effect of Temperature, Reaction Time and Catalyst Content on Product Yield

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Retajczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Polymeric Compounds ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Favorable Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Effect ◽  
Mcm 41

This work describes research on the isomerization of R(+)-limonene over the Ti-MCM-41 catalyst. The studies showed that the Ti-MCM-41 catalyst is an active catalyst in the isomerization of R(+)-limonene. As a result of the isomerization of this compound, it is possible to obtain α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene and p-cymene. Terpinolene is the main product of this process, and p-cymene is formed by the alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene and terpinolene dehydrogenation. The aforementioned products are of great practical importance. The most favorable reaction conditions leading to the obtaining of limonene isomerization products is the use of the catalyst in an amount of 15 wt% and the temperature of 160 °C. Depending on whether the desired products are the isomers of limonene (γ-terpinene, α-terpinene and terpinolene) or the product of their dehydroaromatization (β-cymene), it is possible to shorten or extend the reaction time. The method for the isomerization of limonene on the Ti-MCM-41 catalyst makes it possible to obtain a significant yield of both the limonene and p-cymene isomers. Longer reaction time is conducive to obtain larger quantities of other reaction products and less desirable products that constitute impurities (oxidized products and polymeric compounds).

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