The Sensational Contributions of Erik Moberg

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
A. LEE DELLON
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Joint Afferents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Sensory Recovery ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Erik Moberg is the father of functional sensory testing. During the past three decades, his research into quantitative testing of hand sensibility has provided the insight to bring us from classic academic tests (permitting localisation of lesions within the central nervous system) to clinical capability of restoring sensation to the hand. He introduced the Ninhydrin test to document objectively innervation. He defined hand function as precision-sensory and gross-sensory grips. He correlated Weber two-point discrimination with hand function. He introduced the pick-up test to document hand function. He coined the term “tactile gnosis”. He hypothesised that proprioception is principally due to skin, not joint, afferents. He classified the tetraplegic hand according to its combined sensory and motor capacity. He set the standard for sensory recovery after primary nerve repair, relating recovered two-point discrimination to age (Önne’s line) and he inspired the present generation of researchers to quantify their own studies of sensation.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

Diseases of the central nervous system after malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-508
Author(s):  
G. V. Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Despite the enormous incidence of malaria over the past 2 years, complications of this disease from the nervous system are relatively rare.

Central Nervous System Processing of Human Visceral Pain in Health and Disease

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Hobson ◽  
Qasim Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

To understand the pathophysiology of anomalous pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders, we must increase our understanding of how the central nervous system processes visceral pain. Over the past decade, novel application of functional brain imaging and electrophysiological techniques has given us the opportunity to study these processes in humans, and this review summarizes the current body of knowledge.

scholarly journals Uncovering Novel Roles of Nonneuronal Cells in Body Weight Homeostasis and Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 3001-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Chowen ◽  
Jesús Argente ◽  
Tamas L. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

Glial cells, which constitute more than 50% of the mass of the central nervous system and greatly outnumber neurons, are at the vanguard of neuroendocrine research in metabolic control and obesity. Historically relegated to roles of structural support and protection, diverse functions have been gradually attributed to this heterogeneous class of cells with their protagonism in crescendo in all areas of neuroscience during the past decade. However, this dramatic increase in attention bestowed upon glial cells has also emphasized our vast lack of knowledge concerning many aspects of their physiological functions, let alone their participation in numerous pathologies. This minireview focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how glial cells participate in the physiological regulation of appetite and systemic metabolism as well as their role in the pathophysiological response to poor nutrition and secondary complications associated with obesity. Moreover, we highlight some of the existing lagoons of knowledge in this increasingly important area of investigation.

scholarly journals Chemokines Referee Inflammation within the Central Nervous System during Infection and Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Durrant ◽  
Jessica L. Williams ◽  
Brian P. Daniels ◽  
Robyn S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Effector Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Endothelial Barriers ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The discovery that chemokines and their receptors are expressed by a variety of cell types within the normal adult central nervous system (CNS) has led to an expansion of their repertoire as molecular interfaces between the immune and nervous systems. Thus, CNS chemokines are now divided into those molecules that regulate inflammatory cell migration into the CNS and those that initiate CNS repair from inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Work in our laboratory throughout the past decade has sought to elucidate how chemokines coordinate leukocyte entry and interactions at CNS endothelial barriers, under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, and how they promote repair within the CNS parenchyma. These studies have identified several chemokines, including CXCL12 and CXCL10, as critical regulators of leukocyte migration from perivascular locations. CXCL12 additionally plays an essential role in promoting remyelination of injured white matter. In both scenarios we have shown that chemokines serve as molecular links between inflammatory mediators and other effector molecules involved in neuroprotective processes.

A Controlled Trial of Ethylcrotonylurea

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 852-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in drugs having a tranquillizing or ataractic effect on the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical houses, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, have vied with one another to be the first to introduce the perfect tranquillizer, providing relief from tension and anxiety with no unpleasant or dangerous side-effects or tendency to addiction, and at the same time if possible to effect an improvement in the management of, if not the cure of, the psychoses.

scholarly journals Herbal Compounds Play a Role in Neuroprotection through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fu ◽  
Jianmei Yang ◽  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Since microglia possess both neuroprotective and neurotoxic potential, they play a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS). Excessive microglial activation induces inflammation-mediated neuronal damage and degeneration. At present, numerous herbal compounds are able to suppress neurotoxicity via inhibiting microglial activation. Therefore, many researchers focus on pharmacological inhibitors of microglial activation to ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. Further work should concentrate on the exploration of new herbal compounds, which characteristically inhibit microglial neurotoxicity, rather than modulating neuroprotection alone. In this review, we summarize these herbal compounds, which in the past several years have been shown to exert potential neuroprotective activity by inhibiting microglial activation. The therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds have also been discussed.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease: Past, Present, and Potential Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Truong ◽  
Jose Quiroz ◽  
Ronny Priefer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline. Although there is yet to be a cure nor a way to reverse the neuronal damage, there are current treatments to amend some of the cognitive symptoms associated with AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi) are the primary agents of choice and have had profound implications throughout the past decades. AChEi such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine mediates and increases cholinergic activities in the central nervous system (CNS), and have been shown to improve and preserve cognition in AD patients. Beyond the current drugs on the market, investigational discoveries continue to explore the potential of safer and more efficacious AChEi agents for the treatment of AD. There have been quite a few challenges, given the high failure rates. Yet, these very trials and studies have been a fundamental step towards better understanding the treatments of AD and have provided some insight on the potential to surpass what is currently available.

Central Nervous System Cancers Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancers ◽  
Nervous System Neoplasms ◽  
Recent Version

In the year 2005, an estimated 18,500 new cases of primary brain and nervous system neoplasms will be diagnosed in the United States. These tumors will be responsible for approximately 12,760 deaths. The incidence of primary malignant brain tumors has been increasing over the past 25 years, especially in elderly persons (rates are increasing at about 1.2% each year). Metastatic disease to the central nervous system (CNS) occurs much more frequently, with an incidence about 10 times that of primary brain tumors. It is estimated between 20% and 40% of patients with systemic cancer will develop brain metastases. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org

A Note On The Search For Filter-Passing Organisms In Cases Of Schizophrenia

1930 ◽  
Vol 76 (313) ◽  
pp. 318-321
Author(s):  
J. S. Ian Skottowe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Epidemic Encephalitis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The object of this paper is to place on record some work which has been done during the past fourteen months in the laboratories of the Cardiff City Mental Hospital. This work, which is in the nature of animal inoculation experiments, was done with a view to detecting the presence of any filter-passing organisms which might be present in cases of schizophrenia. The justification for this line of research depends upon the suggestions that have been made by American and Continental writers that there are many striking points of resemblance between epidemic encephalitis and schizophrenia. In this country, Farran-Ridge has pointed out the striking similarity of the motor phenomena in certain cases of these two conditions. He draws attention particularly to fluctuation in body-weight, blepharoclonus, pruriginous phenomena, chewing movements, greasy face, respiratory disorders and choreiform manifestations. It has been suggested that these symptoms may be due to involvement of the basal ganglia. This being so, there is primâ facie evidence that some cases of both encephalitis and schizophrenia are the outward manifestations of similar disease-processes. In the case of encephalitise, vaditi, Loewe, Hirschfield and Straus and others have done work which suggests the existence of an ultra-virus of variable virulence which may exist in the saliva, the central nervous system, herpetic vesicles and elsewhere. If, therefore, these premises are correct, it would be valid to search for a similar virus in schizophrenia.

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