Glucose disappearance rates into peripheral tissues of adult rabbits (Silvilagus floridans), wistar rats (Rattus rattus) and sand rats (Psammomys obesus) in relation to body weight and blood glucose concentration

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) were associated with differences in weight loss and lipid profiles in obese premenopausal women exposed to low-calorie meal replacements over a period of six weeks. Forty women between the ages of 20 and 35 were randomly divided into two groups, each of which consumed one of two low-calorie meal replacements containing either white rice or mixed rice. Although body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose concentration, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly different by the UCP1 genotype in the white rice group, there were significant differences in body weight (p = 0.041), BMI (p = 0.027), and blood glucose concentration (p = 0.047) between carriers and non-carriers of the G allele in the mixed rice group after the six-week meal replacement intervention. The β3-AR polymorphism showed no apparent affect on these parameters. Dietary fiber affects weight gain since it is closely related with absorption of nutrients. As a result, the AA type UCP1 genotype produced significant weight loss in the mixed rice group, but not in the white rice group.

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Ononis natrix L. Lowers the Blood Glucose Concentration in Wistar Rats with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320999200818140359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Baker F. Mubideen ◽

Ala-Aldeen Ahmad Al-Serhan ◽

Justin Z. Amarin ◽

Arwa Al-Dweikat ◽

Ra'ad Z. Al-Muhaisen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Background: Practitioners of traditional medicine use the decoction of Ononis natrix L. to treat hyperglycemia. The literature offers no evidence to support the use. Objective: To investigate the effect of the decoction of Ononis natrix L. on the blood glucose concentration in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods: We obtained 35 Wistar rats from the animal colony of The University of Jordan School of Medicine. We induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) and 23 rats (66%) survived to allocation. We randomly assigned the rats to one of four groups: negative control (1% Tween 80 in distilled water), positive control (100 mg/kg metformin), high-dose treatment (7.5 mL of the decoction), and low-dose treatment (3.5 mL of the decoc-tion). We administered the doses twice daily by oral gavage for two weeks and measured the tail-blood glucose concentration twice daily, once before the first dose and another time after the second dose. We used linear mixed-effects regression to model the change in blood glucose concentration as a function of the experimentation groups, with adjustments for pseu-doreplication and temporal variation. Results: The estimated mean change was 1 mmol/L (−30 to 31 mmol/L) for the negative control group, −26 mmol/L (−56 to 5 mmol/L) for the positive control group, −75 mmol/L (−108 to −42) for the low-dose treatment group, and −82 mmol/L (−111 to −53 mmol/L) for the high-dose treatment group. Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, the hypoglycemic effect of Ononis natrix L. in an animal model of diabetes.

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Ketone infusion lowers hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia: Evidence for acute cerebral utilization of a non-glucose fuel

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0810189 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Stephanie A. Amiel ◽

Helen R. Archibald ◽

Gary Chusney ◽

Alistair J. K. Williams ◽

Edwin A. M. Gale

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Random Order ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Hormonal Responses ◽

Soluble Insulin ◽

Hormone Responses ◽

Single Blind

1. The effect of hyperketonaemia on counter-regulatory hormone responses to hypoglycaemia has been examined in six healthy subjects. 2. A controlled, step-wise reduction in blood glucose concentration was achieved by adjusting the rate of glucose infusion during a primed-continuous infusion of soluble insulin (1.5 m-units min−1 kg−1 body weight, plasma insulin concentration approximately 90 m-units/l). Simultaneous infusion of either saline or β-hydroxybutyrate (3 mg min−1 kg−1 body weight) was administered in a single-blind fashion, in random order. Despite a need for 40% more glucose during the ketone infusion, an identical fall in blood glucose concentration was achieved in each study. 3. The glycaemic threshold for stimulating an adrenaline response of 0.41 nmol/l was reduced from 3.1 to 2.8 mmol/l (P < 0.05) during ketone infusion, and that for stimulating a response of more than 50% of basal from 3.6 to 3.1 mmol/l (P < 0.001). The peak adrenaline response fell from 7.97 to 2.6 nmol/l (P < 0.04). Peak noradrenaline, cortisol and growth hormone responses were also significantly lower during ketone infusion (P = 0.04, 0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Glucagon responses alone were unaffected by hyperketonaemia. 4. The provision of an alternate metabolic fuel thus produced immediate changes in the neurohumoral responses to hypoglycaemia. This is consistent with the hypothesis that human nervous tissue can metabolize ketones acutely.

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In Vitro & In Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Saponins Cake and Argan Oil from Argania spinosa

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1078

Author(s):

Rabie Kamal ◽

Mourad Kharbach ◽

Yvan Vander Heyden ◽

Huiwen Yu ◽

Abdelaziz Bouklouze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Argania Spinosa ◽

Argan Oil

The Argan tree (Argania spinosa. L) is an evergreen tree endemic of southwestern Morocco. For centuries, various formulations have been used to treat several illnesses including diabetes. However, scientific results supporting these actions are needed. Hence, Argan fruit products (i.e., cake byproducts (saponins extract) and hand pressed Argan oil) were tested for their in-vitro anti-hyperglycemic activity, using α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays. The in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic animals were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous saponins cake extract and 3 mL/kg of Argan oil, respectively, to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect. The blood glucose concentration and body weight of the experimental animals were monitored for 30 days. The chemical properties and composition of the Argan oil were assessed including acidity, peroxides, K232, K270, fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, total polyphenols, and phenolic compounds. The saponins cake extract produced a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration in diabetic mice, which was better than the Argan oil. This decrease was equivalent to that detected in mice treated with metformin after 2–4 weeks. Moreover, the saponins cake extract showed a strong inhibitory action on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which is also higher than that of Argan oil.

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Relationships between body weight, fasting blood glucose concentration, sex and age in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis )

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.12036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 1179-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

X. Wu ◽

Q. Chang ◽

Y. Zhang ◽

X. Zou ◽

L. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Tree Shrews ◽

Tupaia Belangeri ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration

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THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: SALICYLATE INTOXICATION

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.44.3.440 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 440-444

Author(s):

William E. Segar

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Pharmacologic Agent ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Salicylate Intoxication

Salicylate is a potent pharmacologic agent, and the rational therapy of salicylate intoxication must be based on an understanding of its pharmacologic actions and consequent pathophysiologic effects.l Because it acts to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in a manner analogous to that of 2,4-dinitrophenol, salicylate is, first of all, a general metabolic stimulant.2 Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation, and heat production are increased by its action; consequently, oxygen requirement, blood CO2 concentration, and the need to eliminate heat are also increased. Respiration, heart rate, and cardiac output must increase to satisfy the demands imposed by the acceleration of metabolic processes. Second, saiicylate interferes in a complex manner with the normal metabolism of carbohydrate.3 Many factors seem to be involved, some tending to decrease and others to increase the blood glucose concentralion, and, clinically, either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia may be observed. Hyperglycemia may be partially explained by the release of epinephrmne due to activation of hypothalamic sympathetic centers. However, large doses of salicyiate also decrease aerobic metabolism and increase glucose-6-phosphatase activity, effects which tend to increase the blood glucose level. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, may be caused by an increased utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues or by interference with gluconeogenesis by salicylates. Recent studies suggest that brain glucose concentration may be decreased despite minimal alterations in blood glucose level.4 As a result of these salicylate-mnduced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, organic acids, particularly lactic, pyruvic, and acetoacetic, accumuiate.5 Infants appear to be particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of salicylate on carbohydrate metabolism and are more likely to have disturbances in blood glucose concentration and metabolic acidosis than are older children.

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