scholarly journals In Vitro & In Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Saponins Cake and Argan Oil from Argania spinosa

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Rabie Kamal ◽  
Mourad Kharbach ◽  
Yvan Vander Heyden ◽  
Huiwen Yu ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouklouze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Argan Oil

The Argan tree (Argania spinosa. L) is an evergreen tree endemic of southwestern Morocco. For centuries, various formulations have been used to treat several illnesses including diabetes. However, scientific results supporting these actions are needed. Hence, Argan fruit products (i.e., cake byproducts (saponins extract) and hand pressed Argan oil) were tested for their in-vitro anti-hyperglycemic activity, using α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays. The in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic animals were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous saponins cake extract and 3 mL/kg of Argan oil, respectively, to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect. The blood glucose concentration and body weight of the experimental animals were monitored for 30 days. The chemical properties and composition of the Argan oil were assessed including acidity, peroxides, K232, K270, fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, total polyphenols, and phenolic compounds. The saponins cake extract produced a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration in diabetic mice, which was better than the Argan oil. This decrease was equivalent to that detected in mice treated with metformin after 2–4 weeks. Moreover, the saponins cake extract showed a strong inhibitory action on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which is also higher than that of Argan oil.

Antidiabetic and protective effects of the aqueous extract of Arbutus unedo L. in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽  
Karima Sayah ◽  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Faouzi Kichou ◽  
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Arbutus Unedo

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently a major health problem and the most common chronic disease worldwide. Traditional medicinal plants remedies remain a potential adjunct therapy to maintain better glycemic control while also imparting few side-effects. Arbutus unedo L. has been traditionally used to manage several diseases including diabetes. This study was undertaken to contribute the validation of the traditional use of Arbutus unedoL. (Ericaceae) in the treatment of diabetes. Methods In-vitro antidiabetic effect of the A. unedo roots aqueous extract was conducted using α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays. While in-vivo antidiabetic activity was conducted using streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic mice. Diabetic animals were orally administered the aqueous extract in 500 mg/kg of body weight to assess the antidiabetic effect. The blood glucose level and body weight of the experimental animals were monitored for 4 weeks. In addition, the histopathological examination of the treated mice pancreas was also conducted to observe the changes of β-cells during the treatment process. Results The extract produced a significant decrease in blood glucose level in diabetic mice. This decrease was equivalent to that which observed in mice treated with a standard after 2–4 weeks. In addition, the plant extract exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 730.15±0.25 μg/mL and 94.81±5.99 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the histopathologic examination of the pancreas showed a restoration of normal pancreatic islet cell architecture which observed in the diabetic mice treated with plant extract. Conclusions The aqueous A. unedo roots extract has a significant in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effects and improves metabolic alterations. The revealed results justify its traditional medicinal use.

scholarly journals d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Gómez ◽  
Eunice Molinar-Toribio ◽  
María Ángeles Calvo-Torras ◽  
Carles Adelantado ◽  
M. Emília Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Food Component

d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentumMoench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We testedd-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibitionin vitro(rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial blood glucose in rats, bacterial agglutination and bacterial adhesion to pig intestinal mucosa. When ingested together with sucrose or starch,d-fagomine lowered blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner without stimulating insulin secretion.d-Fagomine reduced the area under the curve (0–120 min) by 20 % (P < 0·01) and shifted the time to maximum blood glucose concentration (Tmax) by 15 min at doses of 1–2 mg/kg body weight when administered together with 1 g sucrose/kg body weight. Moreover,d-fagomine (0·14 mm) agglutinated 60 % of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli,Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium) populations (P < 0·01), while it did not show this effect onBifidobacteriumspp. orLactobacillusspp. At the same concentration,d-fagomine significantly (P < 0·001) inhibited the adhesion of Enterobacteriaceae (95–99 % cells in the supernatant) and promoted the adhesion ofLactobacillus acidophilus(56 % cells in the supernatant) to intestinal mucosa.d-Fagomine did not show any effect on bacterial cell viability. Based on all this evidence,d-fagomine may be used as a dietary ingredient or functional food component to reduce the health risks associated with an excessive intake of fast-digestible carbohydrates, or an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

PAF increases hepatic vascular resistance and glycogenolysis in vivo

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. G471-G480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hines ◽  
A. Braillon ◽  
R. A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Administration of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to portal venous circulation of anesthetized fed rats produced decreases in mean arterial pressure and increases in hepatic portal pressure and blood glucose concentration. These responses to PAF were dose dependent with ED50 values of 0.02-0.05 micrograms/kg and specific as lyso- and enantio-PAF did not reproduce effects of PAF. Specific PAF receptor antagonist SRI 63-675 (75 micrograms/kg) inhibited significantly these PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg)-induced responses in rats. Administration of prazosin (500 micrograms/kg) and propranolol (400 micrograms/kg) to rats abolished phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg)-induced increases in mean arterial pressure, hepatic portal pressure, and blood glucose concentration but did not prevent PAF (1 microgram/kg)-induced alterations in these parameters. Glycogen phosphorylase alpha levels were increased significantly in livers of rats after administration of PAF (1 microgram/kg) or phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg). Administration of prazosin and propranolol to rats inhibited phenylephrine- but not PAF-induced activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase. Hepatic adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was increased slightly by PAF, but these increases were eliminated by adrenergic blockade, suggesting that activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase by PAF is not dependent on increases in cAMP. Increases in hepatic portal pressure and blood glucose concentration in response to PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg) were not attenuated in adrenalectomized rats. Moreover, PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg) stimulated increases in hepatic portal pressure after administration of the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine (2.5 mg/kg) to adrenalectomized rats. Administration of PAF (0.05 micrograms/kg) to rats instrumented with pulse Doppler flow probes produced decreases in hepatic arterial and portal vein blood flow and increases in hepatic arterial and portal vascular resistance. These observations provide direct evidence that PAF regulates hepatic hemodynamics and glycogenolysis in vivo. It is suggested that PAF plays an important role in regulating hepatic blood flow and supplying extrahepatic tissues with energy substrates by sympathetic-independent mechanism(s) after its release in acute pathophysiological situations.

scholarly journals Effect of garlic and ginger extracts on the levels of glucose and Peptide-c in diabetic mice: تأثير مستخلصي الثوم والزنجبيل في مستوى سكر الدم والببتيد c عند الفئران المستحدث عندها داء السكري

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-105
Author(s):  
Hiam Kamel Fadil, Kholoud Mostafa Sheikh Yousef Hiam Kamel Fadil, Kholoud Mostafa Sheikh Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of garlic and ginger together on the levels of glucose, peptide -c and body weight in diabetic white mice. The study included 40 male white mice, Balb/c strain, which were divided into four experimental groups (10 mice in each group). The first group was a physiological control that was injected with physiological saline (0.9%) until the end of the experiment. As for the second group, diabetes was induced with a dose of 200 mg/kg of Alloxan hydrate weight of the mouse only, while the third group developed diabetes, and then it was treated with alcoholic extract of garlic and ginger together at a dose of 500 mg/kg of mouse weight for 10 days. While the fourth group developed diabetes and was treated with Glibenclamide. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and blood was drawn from them by cardiocentesis. The results showed the effectiveness of garlic and ginger extracts in reducing blood glucose concentration by 35.75% and returning Peptide-c levels to their normal levels, equivalent to Glibenclamide (glyburide), which is known as an oral hypoglycemic agent.

The Effects of Uncoupling Protein 1 and β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms on Weight Loss and Lipid Profiles in Obese Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yun Kim ◽  
Sang Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Meal Replacements

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) were associated with differences in weight loss and lipid profiles in obese premenopausal women exposed to low-calorie meal replacements over a period of six weeks. Forty women between the ages of 20 and 35 were randomly divided into two groups, each of which consumed one of two low-calorie meal replacements containing either white rice or mixed rice. Although body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose concentration, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly different by the UCP1 genotype in the white rice group, there were significant differences in body weight (p = 0.041), BMI (p = 0.027), and blood glucose concentration (p = 0.047) between carriers and non-carriers of the G allele in the mixed rice group after the six-week meal replacement intervention. The β3-AR polymorphism showed no apparent affect on these parameters. Dietary fiber affects weight gain since it is closely related with absorption of nutrients. As a result, the AA type UCP1 genotype produced significant weight loss in the mixed rice group, but not in the white rice group.

Early hyperglycemia following alloxan administration in vivo is not associated with altered hepatic mitochondrial function: acceptable model for type 1 diabetes?

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dairo A. Rendon ◽  
Jose A. Alvarez-Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic State ◽  
Acceptable Model

Alloxan and oxidative stress, which have been detected in livers of laboratory animals shortly after in vivo alloxan administration, cause in vitro mitochondrial dysfunction, thus questioning alloxan diabetes as an acceptable model for type 1 diabetes, a model that cannot legitimately be used to investigate mitochondrial metabolism in a diabetic state. In the current study, the blood glucose concentration increased in the drug-treated group of Sprague–Dawley rats (compared with the placebo group) 45 or 60 min after alloxan treatment, whereas at 30 min the blood glucose concentration was unchanged. State 4, state 3, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity, assayed using glutamate plus malate, pyruvate plus malate, or succinate as a substrate, were not negatively altered during the entire study. These results indicated that early increases of blood glucose concentration, after in vivo alloxan administration, did not lead to liver mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that alloxan diabetes can be used for the study of liver mitochondrial respiration in a diabetic state.

scholarly journals Wild Strawberry, Blackberry, and Blueberry Leaf Extracts Alleviate Starch-Induced Hyperglycemia in Prediabetic and Diabetic Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 790-799
Author(s):  
István Takács ◽  
András Szekeres ◽  
Ákos Takács ◽  
Dávid Rakk ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Wild Strawberry

AbstractIntestinal α-glucosidase and α-amylase break down nutritional poly- and oligosaccharides to monosaccharides and their activity significantly contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia. Competitive inhibitors of these enzymes, such as acarbose, are effective antidiabetic drugs, but have unpleasant side effects. In our ethnopharmacology inspired investigations, we found that wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), and European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaf extracts inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity in vitro and are effective in preventing postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo. Toxicology tests on H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac muscle cells demonstrated that berry leaf extracts have no cytotoxic effects. Oral administration of these leaf extracts alone or as a mixture to normal (control), obese, prediabetic, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice attenuated the starch-induced rise of blood glucose levels. The efficiency was similar to that of acarbose on blood glucose. These results highlight berry leaf extracts as candidates for testing in clinical trials in order to assess the clinical significance of their effects on glycemic control.

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