Substitution of sugar cane with steam-treated eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis): effects on intake and growth rate of dairy heifers

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. de Castro ◽  
T.C.B. Paiva ◽  
I. Arcaro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Dairy Heifers

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Supplementation on Growth Rate, Blood Minerals, and Conception Rate of Dairy Heifers

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1932-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Noller ◽  
A.G. Castro ◽  
W.E. Wheeler ◽  
D.L. Hill ◽  
N.J. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Varietal differences in growth characteristics in sugar cane

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh ◽  
P. N. Gururaja Rao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

In sugar cane, investigations made earlier (Singh & Gururaja Rao, 1985) have shown that high-yielding varieties have higher net assimilation rate than low-yielding types. Similarly, differences in progeny means for relative growth rate and net assimilation rate have been reported by George (1965). In other crops also, varietal differences in leaf area index and net assimilation rate have been reported (Watson, 1947). It appears that in this crop, limited attempts have been made to study all the growth characteristics. This paper describes the differences in most of the growth characteristics in six sugar-cane varieties.

Effects of the lateral growth rate on wood quality parameters of Eucalyptus grandis from different latitudes in Brazil and Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 257 (10) ◽  
pp. 2175-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Kojima ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Masato Yoshida ◽  
Takahisa Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Lateral Growth Rate

Maturation of the tracheary elements in the roots of Pinus banksiana and Eucalyptus grandis

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-849
Author(s):  
J H Taylor ◽  
C A Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Root Growth Rate

Tracheary elements of the xylem are responsible for the longitudinal (axial) transport of water and ions that have moved radially across the root. These vessel members and (or) tracheids mature some distance behind the root tip, and it is generally believed that this distance is directly related to root growth rate. To test this idea, the distances behind the root tip at which tracheary elements of pouch-grown Pinus banksiana Lamb. and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden mature were examined. From each species, three root tip types (white, brown, and ectomycorrhizal short lateral) were assessed. Unlike previous studies of this topic, two methods of testing tracheary element maturity were employed concurrently. The first was anatomical and involved visualizing the deposition of lignin in the walls of the tracheids or vessel members. The second was functional and consisted of determining the capability of the tracheary elements to conduct a fluorescent, tracer dye. The distance behind the root tip at which the conductive xylem cells mature varied from 0.16 to 1.6 mm and was highly dependent on species and root type. No significant correlation was found between growth rate and proximity of tracheary element maturation to the tip for white roots. The presence of lignin in the tracheary element wall was not a reliable indicator of the cell's functional maturity.Key words: conductivity, development, roots, tracheary elements, xylem.

scholarly journals Growth and solar radiation use efficiency of corn cultivated in agroforestry systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claiton Nardini ◽  
Jaqueline Sgarbossa ◽  
Felipe Schwerz ◽  
Elvis Felipe Elli ◽  
Sandro Luiz Petter Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Radiation Use

Agroforestry systems are a more sustainable alternative to food and energy production without compromising existing agroecosystems. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the growth characteristics and the solar radition use efficiency of corn cultivated in different arrangements of agroforestry and monoculture systems. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agroclimatology of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus of Frederico Westphalen – RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, arranged in a factorial scheme of 3 × 2 × 2 representing two arrangements of agroforestry systems (Intercrop I and Intercrop II) and the monoculture of corn; two forest species, Peltophorum dubium (Spr.) Taubert, denoted as P. dubium and the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, denoted as Eucalyptus; and two crop years (Crop I and Crop II), with four replicates each. The growth rates varied between the different systems, with the highest values recorded for the absolute growth rate in the monoculture system, in both crop years, for the relative growth rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and monoculture system-Crop II plots, and for the net assimilation rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop II in both crop years. The solar radiation use efficiency was varied between the different systems, with greater values of efficiency found in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and in Eucalyptus-Intercrop II-Crop II plots. Therefore, different agroforestry arrangements influence corn growth; however, further studies related to this subject are needed as it is a way to optimize land use.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE VARIABLES, TRUNK GROWTH RATE AND WOOD DENSITY OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden TREES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Roberto Sette Jr ◽  
Mario Tomazello F ◽  
José Luis Lousada ◽  
Domingos Lopes ◽  
Jean Paul Laclau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Trunk Diameter

ABSTRACT Climatic conditions stimulates the cambial activity of plants, and cause significant changes in trunk diameter growth and wood characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of climate variables in the diameter growth rate of the stem and the wood density of Eucalyptus grandis trees in different classes of the basal area. A total of 25 Eucalyptus trees at 22 months of age were selected according to the basal area distribution. Dendrometer bands were installed at the height of 1.30 meters (DBH) to monitor the diameter growth every 14 days, for 26 months. After measuring growth, the trees were felled and wood discs were removed at the DBH level to determine the radial density profile through x-ray microdensitometry and then re-scale the average values every 14 days. Climatic variables for the monitoring period were obtained and grouped every 14 days. The effect of the climate variables was determined by maximum and minimum growth periods in assessing trunk growth. These growth periods were related with precipitation, average temperature and relative air humidity. The re-scaled wood density values, calculated using the radial growth of the tree trunks measured accurately with steel dendrometers, enabled the determination of the relationship of small changes in wood density and the effect of the climatic variations and growth rate of eucalyptus tree trunks. A high sensitivity of the wood density to variation in precipitation levels was found.

Determining factor of xylem maturation in Eucalyptus grandis planted in different latitudes and climatic divisions of South America: a view based on fiber length

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Kojima ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Masato Yoshida ◽  
Kouichiro Saegusa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Determining Factor

The objective of this study was to determine the factor of xylem maturation in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. planted in four different latitudes and climatic divisions of South America, based on the pattern of the radial distribution of fiber length. In the plantation closest to the equator, the extent of juvenile wood is determined by distance from the pith and is consistent from tree to tree, regardless of growth rate. In contrast, in the plantation farthest from the equator, xylem maturation is controlled by cambial age and varies from tree to tree, depending on growth rate. To produce as much mature wood as early as possible in E. grandis planted closer to the equator, lateral growth should be accelerated from the early growing stage, because the formation of mature wood starts after a certain trunk diameter is reached. Conversely, in plantations far from the equator, it is necessary to first arrest lateral growth at an early growth stage and then accelerate lateral growth after a certain cambium age is reached.

The effects of grinding, either with or without NaOH treatment, on the utilization of straw by yearling dairy cattle

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
W. H. Broster ◽  
Valerie J. Broster ◽  
J. W. Siviter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYProcessed straw, both ground and ground–NaOH treated, has been compared with long straw in diets of straw and concentrates fed to yearling dairy heifers. Protein allowances were varied by the addition of fishmeal.Improved growth rate was consistently observed with those animals receiving fishmeal. When a fixed amount of barley straw was offered neither digestibility nor growth was affected by the form of the straw. With wheat straw grinding–NaOH treatment resulted in increased growth when fed in diets containing some long roughage. Voluntary intake of straw was additively increased by grinding and by treatment with 5% (w/w) NaOH. Ground-NaOH treatment of straw increased in vitro digestibility.

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