Influence of frequency and accuracy of supplement feeding on rumen fermentation, feed intake, diet digestion and performance of growing cattle. 1. Studies with growing bulls fed grass silage ad libitum

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Aronen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Molasses and fish meal for growing cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 130-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Thomas ◽  
A Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
List Type ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum

There is evidence that silage may be utilised more effectively when supplemented with sugar rather than starch (Thomas and Rae, 1988). A trial was made to measure the effect of supplementing silage with a sugar-based feed (molasses) or a starch-based feed (barley), in combination with fish meal, on the performance of young growing cattle.Sixty four castrated male calves (Limousin x Friesian and Hereford x Friesian) initially weighing 129 kg were offered grass silage (DM, 200 g/kg; ME, 10.4 MJ/kg DM; CP, 144 g/kg DM) ad libitum with four dietary supplements.Daily supplementation was as follows:1.0.25 kg white-fish meal2.0.25 kg fish meal plus 0.4 kg molasses3.0.25 kg fish meal plus 0.8 kg molasses4.0.25 kg fish meal plus 0.75 kg bruised barleyThe levels of molasses and barley in Treatments 3 and 4 supplied the same amount of dry matter.

Effects of varying silage quality for dry cows on feed intake, weight change and performance in the subsequent lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
D. W. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
And Performance

Earlier studies (e.g. Dewhurst et al., 1996, 1999) have shown marked declines in forage voluntary intake as calving approaches. The resultant reduction in nutrient supply may compromise performance in the next lactation, because it coincides with a period of intense metabolic activity in preparation for the next lactation. Feeding concentrates to dry cows did not overcome this problem (Dewhurst et al., 1999). The objective of the current experiment was to investigate alternative dry cow strategies, using only high-quality grass silage, to minimise the severity and consequences for subsequent milk production of the reduction in nutrient supply in this period.

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0231068
Author(s):  
Joana Palhares Campolina ◽  
Sandra Gesteira Coelho ◽  
Anna Luiza Belli ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Luiz Gustavo R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carry Over

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4–60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61–90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion—C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO’s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P = 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P ≤ 0.001), and platelet (P = 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase.

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters and health scores of dairy heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana P. Campolina ◽  
Sandra G. Coelho ◽  
Anna Luiza Belli ◽  
Fernanda S. Machado ◽  
Luiz G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4 – 60 d of age), and carryover effects on post-weaning (61 – 90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON, n = 15) or a treatment group, consisting of supplementation of a blend of essential oils (BEO, n = 14) with1 g/d/calf (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted at 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. The outcomes feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30 and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N and acetate:proprionate proportion - C2:C3) were measured each 14 days. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of effect of BEO on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes both adopting a C.I. = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of effect of BEO in MR on: feed intake, performance, body development and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre and post-weaning (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the effect is significant for basophil (P ≤ 0.001) and platelet (P ≤ 0.05) counts in pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.001), revealing a long-term treatment immunological effect. Lastly, the effect on fecal scores was also significant (P ≤ 0.05) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. BEO contributed for ruminal manipulation on pre-weaning and carry over effect on post-weaning; immunity improvement and a decrease morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in pre-weaning phase.

Effects of dry period diet on feed intake, body composition and subsequent lactational performance of dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies (Moorbyet al, 1994) have shown that supplementing grass silage with undegradable protein (UDP) during the dry period can lead to increased yields of milk protein and lactose. These studies have often involved restriction of forage intake through limitation of access time and the feeding of straw. This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of UDP supplementation withad libitumaccess to grass silage as well as the effects of restricting forage intakes by including straw in the diets of dry cows.

Feed intake and growth rate in growing and finishing steers offered a diet of silage plus concentrates with varying levels of ardacin.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
M.G. Keane ◽  
M.P. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dose Levels

Ardacin is an antibacterial glycopeptide effective against gram positive bacteria. Research elsewhere has shown that in growing calves, it increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and protein flow to the duodenum. In goats it reduced methane production but did not affect the site or extent of organic matter digestion. Results on its effects on feed intake are equivocal but it has been shown to increase liveweight gain in finishing cattle. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effects of Ardacin on feed intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers.Two experiments were carried out simultaneously using the same feeds and Ardacin dose levels. In Experiment 1, 72 Friesian and Charolais x Friesian growing steers (8 months old and 240 kg initial weight) were blocked to 4 treatment groups, tied in individual stalls, and offered grass silage ad libitum plus 1 kg ground barley containing Ardacin per head daily.

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