Feed intake and growth rate in growing and finishing steers offered a diet of silage plus concentrates with varying levels of ardacin.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
M.G. Keane ◽  
M.P. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dose Levels

Ardacin is an antibacterial glycopeptide effective against gram positive bacteria. Research elsewhere has shown that in growing calves, it increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and protein flow to the duodenum. In goats it reduced methane production but did not affect the site or extent of organic matter digestion. Results on its effects on feed intake are equivocal but it has been shown to increase liveweight gain in finishing cattle. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effects of Ardacin on feed intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers.Two experiments were carried out simultaneously using the same feeds and Ardacin dose levels. In Experiment 1, 72 Friesian and Charolais x Friesian growing steers (8 months old and 240 kg initial weight) were blocked to 4 treatment groups, tied in individual stalls, and offered grass silage ad libitum plus 1 kg ground barley containing Ardacin per head daily.

Effects of ardacin supplementation on food intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
M. P. Read ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractArdacin is an antibacterial glycopeptide with ruminal activity. The objective of this study was to measure its effects on food intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously using the same foods and the same ardacin supplementation levels. In experiment 1, 72 growing steers (8 months old and 240 kg initial weight) in four treatment groups were individually offered a basal diet of grass silage ad libitum. In experiment 2, 44 finishing steers (19 months old and 463 kg initial weight), also in four treatment groups were individually offered a basal diet of grass silage ad libitum plus 3 kg (5 kg for the final 28 days) concentrates per head daily. The four treatments were 0, 50, 125 and 210 mg ardacin per head daily incorporated into 1 kg ground barley. This was offered in addition to the basal diet. The duration of the experimental period was 154 days after which 48 of the growing steers were put to pasture for a 196-day grazing season. The finishing steers were slaughtered following a withdrawal period of 7 days. Mean daily silage dry-matter intakes, and mean daily total metabolizable energy intakes for the treatments as listed above were 4·91, 5·15, 5·10 and 5·03 (s.e. 0·083) kg and 63, 66, 65 and 65 (s.e. 0·7) MJ (experiment 1), and 5·63, 5·62, 5·51 and 5·54 (s.e. 0·059) kg and 108, 108, 107 and 107 (s.e. 0·4) MJ (experiment 2), respectively. In the same order, mean daily live-weight gains during the treatment period were 612, 758, 784 and 798 (s.e. 25·2) g (experiment 1) and 911, 942, 851 and 860 (s.e. 40·0) g (experiment 2). In the growing steers proportionately 0·64 of the weight response to ardacin was retained to the end of the following grazing season. It is concluded that ardacin supplementation increased live-weight gain and improved the efficiency of conversion of food to live weight in growing steers but had no significant effect on finishing steers in this study.

Evaluation of maize silage in the diet of finishing steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 162-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. McCabe ◽  
F. P. O' Mara ◽  
P. J. Caffery
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Interest in the production of maize silage in Ireland has increased in the last few years. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of steers when fed maize or grass silage based diets ad libitum and supplemented with varying levels of concentrates.Sixty continental cross steers were blocked on the basis of live weight (av. initial weight = 617 kg) and breed (Charolais, Limousin and Simmental) and were allocated to one of the following six dietary treatments with 10 animals per treatment: A) maize silage-1 (sown under polythene) plus 2 kg concentrates (22% CP); B) 50:50 mixture of maize silage-2 (grown without the use of polythene):grass silage plus 4 kg concentrates (16% CP); C) maize silage-2 plus 4 kg concentrates (16% CP); D) maize silage-3 (as for silage-2 but with additive applied to control aerobic deterioration) plus 4 kg concentrates (16% CP); E) grass silage plus 4 kg concentrates (16% CP); F) grass silage plus 6 kg concentrates (14% CP). The steers were fed for 105 days during which live weight gains and group intakes were measured. After slaughter carcass gains were calculated (using an initial kill-out of 53%), kidney knob and channel fat weights were measured and carcass conformation and fat scores were taken.

Influence of parasitism on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, somatomedin-C and somatomedin-binding proteins in calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Elsasser ◽  
T. S. Rumsey ◽  
A. C. Hammond ◽  
R. Fayer
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT A parasitic disease model (sarcocystosis) was used to study the effects of infection and associated plane of nutrition on GH and somatomedin-C (SM-C) patterns in plasma, and SM-C binding protein patterns in plasma from 4-month-old male Holstein calves. Calves, matched by age and rate of growth before the experiment, were divided into three treatment groups (n = 7). In the first (control), animals were uninfected and food was available ad libitum; in the second, animals were infected with Sarcocystis cruzi and food was available ad libitum. The third group consisted of uninfected animals pair-fed to the level of feed intake of the infected animals. Blood samples were obtained at various times after infection for analysis of the secretory patterns of GH (day 27 after infection, samples every 10 min for 6 h), SM-C (days 27, 35 and 58 after infection) or binding protein (day 42 after infection). Samples were analysed for GH and SM-C by radioimmunoassay. Relative molecular weights of binding proteins were assessed by elution patterns from gel permeation columns. Clinical signs of infection were manifest abruptly on day 26 after infection. Voluntary feed intakes of infected calves as a per cent of control calves were 18, 46 and 78 on days 27, 35 and 58 after infection respectively. Plasma GH concentrations were lower in infected and pair-fed than in control calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C concentrations were reduced in calves with diminished feed intakes and lower still in infected calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C was positively correlated with nitrogen retention across treatment groups (r = 0·81). Two classes of binding proteins differing in molecular weight were identified. The relative amounts of each binding protein in plasma were reduced during low feed intake with some differences in the endogenous saturation affected by infection. These data suggest that altered growth and metabolism in parasitized calves may arise in part from both nutritional and infection-mediated effects on the regulation of GH, SM-C and SM-C binding proteins. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 191–200

Milk production from diets of silage and dried forage. 1. Effects of methods of processing dried grass and of including barley in the supplementation of grass silage given ad libitum

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Female Cattle

SUMMARY1. Young adult and adult British Friesian female cattle (heifers and cows) which were lactating were individually fed on diets of grass silage ad libitum with supplements of dried grass, dried grass/barley or barley/groundnut in two randomized block experiments.2. In Experiment I, equal quantities of dry matter (DM) as dried grass in the form of a wafer (W), cob (C) or pellet (P) were given with the silage during weeks 8 to 18 of lactation, to three groups of 12 heifers. Silage DM intakes were respectively 14·2, 14·3 and 15·8 ± 0·43 g/kg live weight per day (P<0·05). Milk yields were 14·0, 15·6, 16·7 ± 0·35 kg/day (P< 0·001). Milk composition and live-weight change did not differ significantly.3. In Experiment II, five treatment groups of heifers and cows were offered silage with equal amounts of a supplement of either dried grass pellets (treatment 1) or dried grass/barley in the ratios of 2: 1 (treatment 2), 1: 2 (treatment 3), or a barley/groundnut supplement (treatment 4). In treatment 5 the cattle received the same supplement as in treatment 4, but at a 10% higher level. Silage DM intakes for treatments 1 to 5 during lactation weeks 6 to 22 were 8·64, 8·94, 7·96, 6·96, 7·63 kg/day (1, 2>4, P<0·01; 2>5, P<0·05). The intake of digestible organic matter, milk yields and live-weight changes over the whole experimental period were not influenced significantly by treatments 1 to 4, but in treatment 5 the milk was significantly higher in fat, protein and energy content than in treatments 1 to 4. Blood composition was normal and did not differ markedly between treatments.

The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Syahniar ◽  
R. Antari ◽  
D. Pamungkas ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
D. E. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Improving the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia requires greater and more efficient utilisation of underutilised feed resources such as rice straw. The experiment tested the hypothesis that an Ongole cow with low energy requirements can maintain weight (W) on a rice straw-based diet with the addition of a small amount of tree legumes. Thirty-two Ongole cross (Bos indicus) cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a randomised block design with eight cows per treatment. Cows were offered untreated rice straw ad libitum with four levels of tree legumes (0, 11, 21, and 42 g DM/kg W0.75.day) for 20 weeks. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every second week. There was no difference in total feed intake between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Intake of tree legumes was higher when more was offered (P < 0.05), but cows did not consume all of the legumes offered to them. The inclusion of tree legumes in the diet had no effect on organic matter digestibility, ME content of the diet, liveweight gain or estimated energy balance of the cows (P > 0.05). Rice straw alone contained insufficient ME and rumen-degradable N to meet the maintenance requirements of the cows. From the regression relating liveweight change and ME intake for all cows across all diets, the inclusion of tree legumes in the diet at ~12 g DM/kg W0.75.day or 2.8 g DM/kg W.day was enough to meet the energy requirements for maintenance of Ongole cows fed rice straw ad libitum.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Visits

SUMMARYTwo experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.

Some effects of formaldehyde treatment of hay or silage and level of barley intake on the production of crossbred lambs fed in pens

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
MF Sharkey ◽  
RW Hodge ◽  
IF Davis ◽  
B Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth

Hay and silage treated with formaldehyde were compared with untreated hay and silage during in vivo studies of digestibility, and in growth studies where the forages were fed with and without barley to 6-month-old crossbred lambs. In the growth study there were 20 treatment groups (four forage types offered ad libitum x five barley levels 0, 100, 300, 500 and ad libitum g day-1). Sheep were fed for 6 and 12 weeks for groups fed silage and hay respectively following which animals were slaughtered. On a digested basis, barley contributed from 0 to 76 per cent of digested energy intake. Lamb growth rate varied between 0 and 150 g day-1 and was linearly related to intake of digested DM. Growth rates were above 100 g day-1 where barley constituted 60 to 70 per cent of this intake. Silage and hay with digestibilities of 62 to 65 per cent barely maintained sheep liveweights when fed as a sole diet. The sheep ate more hay than silage and treating the forage with formaldehyde did not significantly increase intake or growth rate.

Effects of dry period diet on feed intake, body composition and subsequent lactational performance of dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies (Moorbyet al, 1994) have shown that supplementing grass silage with undegradable protein (UDP) during the dry period can lead to increased yields of milk protein and lactose. These studies have often involved restriction of forage intake through limitation of access time and the feeding of straw. This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of UDP supplementation withad libitumaccess to grass silage as well as the effects of restricting forage intakes by including straw in the diets of dry cows.

Feed intake and competition in ewes on ad libitum or semi-restricted feeding of grass silage and hay

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 4014-4019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bøe ◽  
A. M. Ottosen ◽  
I. L. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document