The relationship between season of birth and biological variables in schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Owen ◽  
P. Jones ◽  
W.W. Lewis ◽  
R.M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Sex Modifies the Effect of Genetic Risk Scores for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Metabolic Phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ky'Era V. Actkins ◽  
Genevieve Jean-Pierre ◽  
Melinda C. Aldrich ◽  
Digna R. Velez Edwards ◽  
Lea K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women, have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, while only diagnosable in females, males with a family history of PCOS can also exhibit a poor cardiometabolic profile. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of sex in the relationship between PCOS and its comorbidities by conducting bidirectional genetic risk score analyses in both sexes. We conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) using PCOS polygenic risk scores (PCOSPRS) to understand the pleiotropic effects of PCOS genetic liability across 1,380 medical conditions in females and males recorded in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center electronic health record (EHR) database. After adjusting for age and genetic ancestry, we found that European descent males with higher PCOSPRS were significantly more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases than females at the same level of genetic risk, while females had a higher odds of developing T2D. Based on observed significant associations, we tested the relationship between PRS for comorbid conditions (e.g., T2D, body mass index, hypertension, etc.) and found that only PRS generated for BMI and T2D were associated with a PCOS diagnosis. We then further decomposed the T2DPRS association with PCOS by adjusting the model for measured BMI and BMIresidual (enriched for the environmental contribution to BMI). Results demonstrated that genetically regulated BMI primarily accounted for the relationship between T2DPRS and PCOS. This was further supported in a mediation analysis, which only revealed clinical BMI measurements, but not BMIresidual, as a strong mediator for both sexes. Overall, our findings show that the genetic architecture of PCOS has distinct metabolic sex differences, but these associations are only apparent when PCOSPRS is explicitly modeled. It is possible that these pathways are less explained by the direct genetic risk of metabolic traits than they are by the risk factors shared between them, which can be influenced by biological variables such as sex.

Individual Differences in Meditation Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Buric ◽  
Inti A. Brazil
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Meditation generally has small to moderate effects on health and well-being, but some people experience greater benefits from meditation than others. What are the characteristics of the study participants or meditation students that lead to beneficial outcomes of meditation? This chapter adopts a multilevel approach to evaluate the evidence on the relationship between participant characteristics and individual differences in meditation outcomes across four sources of variability: personality and other psychological variables, biological variables, illness severity, and demographic factors. Research in the area is sparse and has several methodological shortcomings, thus the authors recommend the use of multilevel models and meta-regression as ways of properly incorporating the study of individual differences with other variables.

FC22-03 - Annual periodicity and personality: Season of birth is associated with affective temperaments

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1936-1936
Author(s):  
X. Gonda ◽  
Z. Rihmer ◽  
K.N. Fountoulakis ◽  
M. Pompili ◽  
P. Erdös ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Monoamine Metabolite ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesPeriodicity, cyclicity, and annual rhythms are inherent characteristics of living organisms, and have also been reported for diverse physiological and pathological conditions and phenomena. Season of birth was also associated with central monoamine and monoamine metabolite levels in several studies. Furthermore, several studies indicate a significant effect of season of birth on personality traits and characteristics. A relationship between birth season and novelty seeking has been described and confirmed in several studies. However, affective temperaments have not so far been studied with respect to their association with birth season.AimsThe aim of our present study was to investigate the possible association between affective temperaments and season of birth in a nonclinical sample.Methods366 university students completed the standardized Hungarian version of the TEMPS-A. Ordinary Least Squares regression was applied to explain the relationship between TEMPS-A subscales and birth season of the respondents.ResultsWe found a significant association between temperament scores and birth season in case of the Hyperthymic, Cyclothymic, Irritable and Depressive temperaments, while no significant results emerged for the Anxious temperament.ConclusionsOur results provide further evidence for an association between season of birth and personality, extending the results to affective temperaments as well. Furthermore, our results can be related to clinical observations concerning the seasonal variation of onset and hospitalization due to affective episodes, thus our results also have clinical significance.

scholarly journals Understanding the links between month of birth, body height, and longevity: why some studies reveal that shorter people live longer – further evidence of seasonal programming from the Polish population

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Chmielewski ◽  
Krzysztof Borysławski
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThere is a lack of agreement in the literature as to whether adult height depends on month of birth and whether height affects lifespan. Additionally, the relationship between stature and longevity involves conflicting findings and the results remain mixed due to several confounders, such as: year of birth, somatotype, relative body weight, genetic inheritance, diet, diseases, etc. Here, we hypothesize that the season of birth effect can also be involved in shaping the mysterious link between body height and longevity. To assess the links between month of birth, adult height, and longevity in the Polish population, data on 848,860 individuals, of whom 483,512 were men (57%) and 365,348 were women (43%), born in the years 1896-1988 and died in the years 2004-2008, were collected from the ‘PESEL’ database and signalments in the censuses obtained from identity card offices throughout Poland. ANOVA and the LSD test were performed. A significant relationship between month of birth and lifespan was found. Individuals born in autumn and winter months lived significantly longer than those who were born in the middle of the year (May). The amplitudes of lifespan were 16 months in men and 14 months in women. As expected, subjects of both sexes born in autumn and winter months were significantly shorter than their peers born around the middle of the year. In conclusion, the results of the study not only corroborate the theory of seasonal programming of longevity and support the idea that some undetermined factors from early stages of ontogeny and associated with season of birth have long-term effects on phenotype in later life in terms of adult height and longevity, but also bear out the hypothesis that month of birth can be another important confounding factor with respect to the relationship between adult height and longevity.

scholarly journals Food chromium content, dietary chromium intake and related biological variables in French free-living elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Roussel ◽  
Maud Andriollo-Sanchez ◽  
Monique Ferry ◽  
Noella A. Bryden ◽  
Richard A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Content ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential trace element involved in insulin function. Cr deficiencies result in decreased insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. Cr status decreases with age suggesting that the elderly may be at high risk of Cr deficiency. This study aimed to provide information about the Cr content of foods in France and the Cr intake in French free-living elderly. We measured the food Cr content and daily Cr intake of freely chosen diets for 3 d in twelve French free-living elderly people and their Cr excretion and plasma hormonal related variables, leptin, insulin and cortisol. Considering the relationship between insulin resistance and oxidative stress, we also determined plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, thiol groups and total and reduced glutathione. Although these subjects had well-balanced diets, their daily Cr intakes did not reach the French recommendations. The low Cr intakes were due to the low Cr density of the foods. We found a negative correlation between Cr intakes and insulin, BMI and leptin.

Testing models of biological scaling with mammalian population densities

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Stephen Dobson ◽  
Bertram Zinner ◽  
Marina Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Relationship

Two hypotheses have been suggested to explain the form of interspecific scaling of organismal characteristics to body size, such as the well-known increase in total metabolism with body mass. A hypothesis based on simple Euclidean geometry suggests that the scaling of many biological variables to body size should have a scaling exponent of 2/3, or [Formula: see text]0.667. On the other hand, according to a hypothesis based on fractal dimensions, the relationship between biological variables and body mass should have a scaling exponent of 0.750. We conducted a power analysis of the predicted exponents of scaling under the Euclidean and fractal hypotheses, using average adult body masses and population densities collected from the published literature on mammalian species. The collected data reflect 987 mammal populations from a broad variety of terrestrial habitats. Using statistical methods we determined the sample sizes required to decide between the values of the scaling exponent of the density-to-mass relationship based on the Euclidean (–0.667) and fractal (–0.750) hypotheses. Non-linearities in the dataset and insufficient power plagued our tests of the predictions. We found that mammalian species weighing less than 100 kg had a linear scaling pattern, sufficient power to reveal a difference between the scaling coefficients –0.667 and –0.750, and an actual scaling coefficient of –0.719 (barely significantly different from –0.667 but not from –0.750). Thus, our results support the fractal hypothesis, though the support was not particularly strong, which suggests that the relationship between body mass and population density should have a scaling exponent of –0.750.

The Relationship of Season of Birth to Asthma and Allergy in Urban African American Children from 10 to 13 Years of Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen M. Clark ◽  
Alan P. Baptist ◽  
Yi-An Ko ◽  
Harvey L. Leo ◽  
Peter X.K. Song
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
American Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Some Characteristics of Children With Severe Disabilities

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy Lawton
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sibling Differences ◽  
Severely Handicapped ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryRoutinely collected data on the 37,094 families with severely handicapped children who have applied to the Family Fund are used to examine the relationship between certain handicapping disorders and the year of birth, season of birth, birth order, region of domicile, social class, sex and presence of a disabled sibling. Differences between each handicapping disorder, and differences between the handicapping disorders and the general population are noted.

Season of Birth and Intelligence in Samples of Exceptional Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Whorton ◽  
Frances A. Karnes
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Exceptional Students ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between season of birth and intelligence was studied utilizing a group of 923 exceptional students, including 213 gifted, 302 mentally retarded, and 408 learning disabled children. The statistical analysis indicated that the areas of exceptionality and season of birth are not independent of one another. The significance was attributed to the subjects with learning disabilities.

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