A Zenopus multifinger protein, Xfin, is expressed in specialized cell types and is localized in the cytoplasm

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania De Lucchini ◽  
Filippo M. Rijli ◽  
Gennaro Ciliberto ◽  
Giuseppina Barsacchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Specialized Cell

scholarly journals The secretory pathway at 50: a golden anniversary for some momentous grains of silver

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl S. Matlin ◽  
Michael J. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Specialized Cell ◽  
Central Paradigm ◽  
Biosynthetic Machinery

The secretory pathway along which newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins traffic through the cell was revealed in two articles published 50 years ago. This discovery was the culmination of decades of effort to unite the power of biochemical and morphological methodologies in order to elucidate the dynamic nature of the cell’s biosynthetic machinery. The secretory pathway remains a central paradigm of modern cell biology. Its elucidation 50 years ago inspired tremendous multidisciplinary and on-going efforts to understand the machinery that makes it run, the adaptations that permit it to serve the needs of specialized cell types, and the pathological consequences that arise when it is perturbed.

scholarly journals The prevalence and origin of exoprotease-producing cells in the Bacillus subtilis biofilm

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Marlow ◽  
Francesca R. Cianfanelli ◽  
Michael Porter ◽  
Lynne S. Cairns ◽  
J. Kim Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Specialized Cell ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
First Time

Biofilm formation by the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is tightly controlled at the level of transcription. The biofilm contains specialized cell types that arise from controlled differentiation of the resident isogenic bacteria. DegU is a response regulator that controls several social behaviours exhibited by B. subtilis including swarming motility, biofilm formation and extracellular protease (exoprotease) production. Here, for the first time, we examine the prevalence and origin of exoprotease-producing cells within the biofilm. This was accomplished using single-cell analysis techniques including flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We established that the number of exoprotease-producing cells increases as the biofilm matures. This is reflected by both an increase at the level of transcription and an increase in exoprotease activity over time. We go on to demonstrate that exoprotease-producing cells arise from more than one cell type, namely matrix-producing and non-matrix-producing cells. In toto these findings allow us to add exoprotease-producing cells to the list of specialized cell types that are derived during B. subtilis biofilm formation and furthermore the data highlight the plasticity in the origin of differentiated cells.

Specialized cell types in the human fetal small intestine

1978 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Colony Moxey ◽  
Jerry S. Trier
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specialized Cell

scholarly journals Taking the brakes off telomerase

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Naxerova ◽  
Stephen J Elledge
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specialized Cell ◽  
Common Cancer

Studies using human embryonic stem cells have revealed how common cancer-associated mutations exert their effect on telomerase after cells differentiate into more specialized cell types.

Focusing on spindle poles

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Microtubule Nucleation ◽  
Specialized Cell ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Meiotic Spindles ◽  
Centrosomal Proteins

Spindle poles are discernible by light microscopy as the sites where microtubules converge at the ends of both mitotic and meiotic spindles. In most cell types centrosomes are present at spindle poles due to their dominant role in microtubule nucleation. However, in some specialized cell types microtubules converge into spindle poles in the absence of centrosomes. Thus, spindle poles in centrosomal and acentrosomal cell types are structurally different, and it is this structural dichotomy that has created confusion as to the mechanism by which microtubules are organized into spindle poles. This review summarizes a series of recent articles that begin to resolve this confusion by demonstrating that spindle poles are organized through a common mechanism by a conserved group of non-centrosomal proteins in the presence or absence of centrosomes.

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