Patients, Doctors, Hospitals, Laboratories, and Computers—A Systems Approach**Supported by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare; National Heart and Lung Institute, NHLI 71-2392; National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Contract NIH-NIGMS-72-2107. Sample identification units by subcontract to American Science and Engineering Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Electronic data processing, software, and hardware by subcontract to the Washington Reference Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland.

1973 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
MARTIN RUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
American Science ◽  
Data Processing Software ◽  
Silver Spring ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Lung Institute

scholarly journals Bioterrorism and the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wagar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Response Network ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

SUMMARYRegular review of the management of bioterrorism is essential for maintaining readiness for these sporadically occurring events. This review provides an overview of the history of biological disasters and bioterrorism. I also discuss the recent recategorization of tier 1 agents by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Laboratory Response Network (LRN), and specific training and readiness processes and programs, such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Preparedness Exercise (LPX). LPX examined the management of cultivable bacterial vaccine and attenuated strains of tier 1 agents or close mimics. In the LPX program, participating laboratories showed improvement in the level of diagnosis required and referral of isolates to an appropriate reference laboratory. Agents which proved difficult to manage in sentinel laboratories included the more fastidious Gram-negative organisms, especiallyFrancisella tularensisandBurkholderiaspp. The recent Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic provided a check on LRN safety processes. Specific guidelines and recommendations for laboratory safety and risk assessment in the clinical microbiology are explored so that sentinel laboratories can better prepare for the next biological disaster.

scholarly journals Conflicts among Multinational Ethical and Scientific Standards for Clinical Trials of Therapeutic Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Kolman ◽  
Nelda P. Wray ◽  
Carol M. Ashton ◽  
Danielle M. Wenner ◽  
Anna F. Jarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Research On Human Subjects ◽  
Scientific Standards

There has been a growing concern over establishing norms that ensure the ethically acceptable and scientifically sound conduct of clinical trials. Among the leading norms internationally are the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, guidelines by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), the International Conference on Harmonization's standards for industry (ICH), and the CONSORT group's reporting norms (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), in addition to the influential U.S. Federal Common Rule, Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) body of regulations, and information sheets by the Department of Health and Human Services. There are also many norms published at more local levels by official agencies and professional groups.Any account of international standards should cover both scientific and ethical norms at once – the two are conceptually intertwined. Recent sources recognize that “[s]cientifically unsound research on human subjects is unethical in that it exposes research subjects to risks without possible benefit.”

scholarly journals Neurosciences in the framework of the "Decade of the brain" program

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
N. V. Vereshchagin
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Research Institute

The "Decade of the Brain" - a complex of scientific research works in the field of neurosciences, carried out in 1990-2000, has come to an end. in the world and in our country. Important results were obtained during this period in the largest neurological center in Russia - the Research Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The research was based on the conceptual principle, systems approach and principles of evidence-based medicine.

scholarly journals Editorial

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Muzafer Mujic
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Young Researchers ◽  
Basic Medical

We inform our readers and collaborators that the interest for publication in Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences is growing continuously. Numerous letters and messages (e-mail) of support, in particular from our scientists working abroad, are sufficient confirmation. This exchange resulted in the idea (E. Kanlic, MD PhD, Associate Professor, Dept. of Orthopedic, Texas) that our scientists working in the USA edit one issue (preliminary deadline in April 2005) that would be dedicated to the latest understandings and achievements in a specific area that would be of interest for our experts. We are looking forward to successful cooperation with other colleagues engaged in fundamental science.It is with great pleasure that we inform you that, after anticipating a reply from the Department of Health and Human Services for some time, on the 6th July 2004 we received an information from Mr. Sheldon Kotzin, Executive Editor MEDLINE/Index Medicus stating that Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences has received a positive score (very good) upon reviewing and has been accepted for indexation in MEDLINE/Index MedicusWe are proud that our issues are mainly filled with papers by young researchers which agrees with our primary intention that the Journal grows into a vehicle for the exchange of knowledge among young researchers in the world. With this issue we complete the cycle for this year. We are convinced that, despite significant difficulties, we will find adequate support and ensure regular publication of research results from the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina.With sincere greetings and gratitude,Sarajevo, October 2004Editorial and Advisory BoardM.MujicThis Journal is Indexed in: CAB Abstract / Global Health databases and Index Medicus/MEDLINE.

scholarly journals Improving safety in medicine: A systems approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Munro
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Current System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
The Individual

The statutory inquiries after homicides by people with mental illness have been replaced by a system of mandatory reporting to the newly established National Patient Safety Agency (Department of Health, 2001a: p. 24). This reflects a radical change in the way that adverse events or ‘near misses' in medicine are to be investigated. Drawing on lessons from engineering on improving safety in aviation and the nuclear power industry, the Department of Health has moved from an individual to a system-centred approach. Whereas the traditional investigation generally stopped when human error was identified, the systems approach takes error as a symptom, not a cause, and asks why it happened, and what were the factors operating on the individual that contributed to the negative outcome (Department of Health, 2000). This approach to investigations could potentially lead to far more constructive solutions than those offered by the current system of inquiries after homicides.

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